140 CE Board Nov 19999

A sample of soil compacted according to

the Standard Proctor Test has a unit weight
of 20.63 kN/m at 100 percent compaction
and at the optimum water content of 14 per
cent. Assume that the solid matter has a
specific gravity oi 2.67.

Determine the dry ünit weight of soil.

Determine the voiume of air.
Determine the dry unit weight of zero
air voids.
 Solution:

ir

water

Solid

O Dry unit weight

Assume a totalvolume=1m3

Water content Ws

0.14 Ws
Ws+W W
Ws+0.14W 20.63
Ws= 18.10 kN
Ww 20.63-18.10
Ww=2.53 kN
Dry density:

Yd
18.10
Td 1
Yd= 18.10 kN/

Volume of air:
Ws VsYw sp.gr.)
18.10- Vs (9.81)/2.67)
Vs = 0.69 m
Vy= V- Vs
Vy=1-0.69
Vy 0.31 m
Vy(rw (sp.gr.) = Ww
Vw(9.81 2.67) = 2.53
Vw0.097 m

Va Vy-Vw
a 0.31-0.097
Va 0.213 n3
S O L COMEPACTION|

unit wt. at zero air voids:

Dry out
air were squeezed
(Note If all the wouid
air voids), the dry unt weight
zerd
be:
Ws
Yd Vs+Vw
18.10
Yd o.69+0.097
Ya=23 kN/m
O L EOMPAE
CTION

144CEBoprd 2007
The oratory compaction test of a certain
ype of soil gives a maxi dry density of
1.486 Mg/m3 with an optimum moisture
content of 12.5 The followin are the
cults of a field unit weight determination
test using sand cone method.
Volume of soil excava ed from the hole
0.001337 m
Weight of soil from the hole when wet
2220 g
Weight of soil when dry= 1890 g.
o Determine the field unit weight of soil.
What is the in situ water content of soil.
Determine the relative .compaction,is it
within the allowable range for relative
of compaction of 95 t 0.20?

Solution:
O Field unit weight of soi:
2220 (1m_s
Ywet0.001337 m100 cm
Vwet 1.66 g/cm
I n situ water content of soil:
o 2220 1890
x100
1890
=17.46%

Relative compaction:
Ywet
Yary+ .66
Vary +0.1746
ary 1413 g/cm

Rdry
Yary max
R-413
1.486 1000
R95.10%
R95.10%> 94.80%
95.10% < 95.20%

s, it is within the allowable

 150 Problem
The maximum and minimum dry
unit
weights of a sand were determinedn
laboratory to be 18.31 kN/m3
15.25 kN/m^ respectively. and

OWhat is the relatiye compaction in the

field if the relative density is 64%.
What is the dry u-it weight in the fleld
What is the mois: unit weight in the
field if its nmaistuw 2 content is 28%.

Solution:
ORelative compaction in hefield:
R
R 1-D(1 R)
R Yd min
Yd man
15.25
Ro 18.31
Ro 0.8329
0.3329
R1-0.54!1-0.8329)
R= 0.933 say 93.3%

D r yunit weight in the field:

Ydfield
Relative compaction= Yd max-lab
0.933 d fiekd
18.31
Ydfield 17.08 kN/m

Moist unit w.ight in thefield:

Ygmoist

1+

Ymoist 17.0B(1 +0.28)

Ymoist 21.86kN/
 159Problem
There were 6 undisturbed soil samples
from borings in a proposed cut area for a
highway construction. The average dry
unit weight achieved in the field y 16.90
kN/m and the average moisture content is
9.1% A Proctor compaction test produces
a max. dry unit weight yd(max = 19.5 kN/m3.
and an optimum moisture content of 12.8%.
The estimated plan calls for a 9100 cu.m. of
cut and 8800 cu.m. of fill and the DPWH
requires a relative compaction of 93%.

O Compute the shrinkage factor.

Compute the required quantity of
import or export soils ba_ed on the
unit weight of cut
Compute the required quantity of
water in liters to bring the &oils to the
optimun moisture content.
 Solution:
Shrinkage factor:
Ydt required dry unit weight of fill
Yor= 0.93(19.5)
Yat 18.14 kN/m3
Yde dryunit weight for cut
Ydc 16.90 kN/m3

Shrinkage factor=1100
Ydc
(18.14 1100
Shrinkage factor =16.90
Shrinkage factor 7.3%

Quantity required for import:

Vol. ofcut required to fill up the required
volume offill
Vol. ofcut required= 8800(1.073)
Vol. of cut required 9442.4 cu.m.

Required import = 9442.4 -9100

Required import 342.4 cu.m.

Required quantity of water to bring

the soil to the optimum moisture
content:
Dry weight of fill = 18.14(8800)
Dry weight offill= 159632 kN

Weight of water to be added = increase

in water content multiplied by the
dry
weight of soil in fill.
Weight of water
(0.128-0.091)(159632)
Weight of water = 5906 kN

of water to be added 5906

g81
Vol. of waèr to be added= 602.04 m*
Vol. ofwater to be added =
602.04(1000)
Voi. Ghater to be added
602,040 liters
OL OMPAGTION. 153

161 Problem
A highway embankment needs 150000
CU.m. to be completed. DPWH requiress No. of truckloads of
95% compaction and the contractor is to
borrow material:
Dry unit weight of soil
provide soil from a borow site. during
hauling
f the optimum moisture content is Yd GsYw
1+e
18% and the max. dry densityis
18.88 kN/m", how much borrow soil is Yd 2.65(9.81)
1+0.70
required per cu.m. if the moisture Yd 15.29 kN/m3
content of the borrow material is 15%
and the wet unit weight of the borrow
is 16.05 kNIm3 Volume of borrow to be
How many truckloads of borrow hauled
Wt of borrow(hauled)
material are needed if the soil would
have a void ratio of 0.70 and a wt. of embankment needed
sp.gr: V(15.29) = 17.94 (150000)
of 2.65 and the capacity of each truck
is 9 cu.m.. Vol. of borrow to be hauled (V)
How many liters of water are needed.
175,997 cu.m.
Solution:
Volume of borrow needed: No. of truckloads needed= 5997

Dry density required for 95% compaction

No. cf truckloads needed 19555
Yd=0.95(18.88),
Y 17.94KNim
Volume of water needed in liters:
Moisture content to be added = 18-15
Weight of dry soil in embankment Moisture content to be added = 3%
= 17.94(150000)

Weight of dry soil in embankment

2691000 kN Weight of water to be added
0.03 (2691000)
Dry unit weight of borrow: Weight of water to be added= 80730 kN

80730
16.05 Vol. of water to be added-aR1
9.
Y +0.15 Vol. of water to be added= 8229 cu.m.
Y 13.96 kN/m3
Vol. of water to be added
8229000 liters
Vol. of borrow
required 13.96
Vol. of borrow required= 192765 cu.m.
154

SOTLGOMPACTION

162 Probilem: No. oftrucks needed =Ol6572

100
In a construction of a portion of a highway No. of irucks needed
embankment, it uses a granular soil as a
6165.72 say 6166 trucks
sub-base. The required compacted
thickness of the sub-base is 300 mm and
N o . of liters of water to be add
the material is to be compacted at a water
each tuckload:
content of 12% to a dry unit weight of
Total weight of water to be added
17.3 kN/m. The borrow material is found
to weigh 100 kN per truck load when it was
= 560520 (0.12-0.10)
dumped loosely into a truck having a 11210.4 kN
of
capacity of 6 cu.m. The water content
the borrow material was determined from a Weight of water to be added per truck
sample taken from the truck and found to0 11210.4
be 10%. If the width and length of the 6165.72
portion of a highway is 30 m. and 3600 m.
respectively. 1.82 kN
Vol. of water to be added per truck
How many truckloads are required to
construct the sub base? 1.82
How many liters of water are added to 9.81
each truckload of bomOwed material. 0.186 m3
If the borrow material has an in-situ
dry unit weight of 16.4 kN/ms, how No. of lit'ers to be added pertruck
many cubic meters of borrow are = 0.186 (1000)
required.
= 186 liters/truck

Solution: Volume of borrow required:

o No. of truckloads needed:
V560520
Vol. of sub-base = 30 (3600)(0.3)
164
Vol. ofsub-base 32400 m3 V 34178 cu.m.

Dry unit weight of soil required:

Wary=17.3 (32400)
Wary560520 kN
163 Problem
Moist unit weight of soil (borow): The in-situ rnoisture content of a soll
18% and the moist unit weight is 105 p
Waty Wmgist
1+ Ihe specific gravity of soil solids is 2.and
This soil is to be excavated
Wmoist 560520 (1.10) transported to a construct.on site for U
Wmoist=616572 kN (borrow) a compacted fill. If the specifications
for the soil to be compacted to a minn
Capacity oftruck 100 kN dryunit weight of 103.5 pcf. at the
moisture content of 18%.
SOLGOMPACTION

How many cubic yards of sol

watian.it
excavation site areOo from the
needed to
oroduced 10000 cu.yd of compacted
fill?
How many 20 ton truck loads are
needed to transport the excavated
soil?
What is the total cost of transporting
the excavated soil if ft costs P1800 per
truckloads.

Solution:
o Vol. of soll from the excavation
needed to produced 10,000 cu.yd. of
compacted soil.

Borrow pit:
105
Ydry 1+0.18
Ydry 88.98 pcf

Fill site:
Ydry 103.5 pct
Volume 10,000 cu. yd.
Volume 270,000 cu. f.

wi. of dry soil required = 103.5 (270000)

wt. ofdry soil required 27945000 lb.

volume ofsoil froi excavation site

27945000
88.98
314,059
No. of truck loads needed:
1 ton 2000 Ib.
20 tons 40000 Ib..

27945000
No. of truck
loads=40000
No. of truck loads
698.63 say 699 truck loads

Total cost= 1800 (699)

Total cost= P1,258,200