1.

0 INTRODUCTION
Transportation in Malaysia started to develop during British colonial rule, and the country’s
transport network is now diverse and developed. Malaysia’s road network is extensive,
covering 290,099.38 kilometres, including 2,016.05 kilometres of expressways (in 2021).
The main highway of the country extends over 800km, reaching the Thai border from
Singapore.
Peninsular Malaysia has an extensive road network, whilst the road system in East Malaysia
is not as well- developed. The main modes of transport in Peninsular Malaysia include
buses, trains, cars, motorcycles (including Perlis and Kedah) and to an extent, commercial
travel on airplanes.
Around middle of Mac 2020, the world is going through the COVID-19 pandemic, which
has caused hundreds of thousands deaths in just a few months. Considering the need for
lockdown measures, most countries, including Malaysia, have implemented ‘Movement
Control Orders’ (MCOs) as a prevention step to reduce the deadly spread of this disease.
Impact of that, our civilization faces a new unprecedented challenge; technology plays a
crucial role in decoupling development and environmental damage. Then, transportation in
Malaysia also affected during this pandemic and causing concern among the workers,
particularly in the transportation industry. In order to plan and manage labour trends and
prevent a decline in the economic, the strategic is therefore required. This investigation
looks at Malaysia’s transportation industry’s employment trends.

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 2.0 CALCULATION AND RESULT

DATA

Group Blue

9 17 14 16 14

15 1 17 6 12

13 2 10 2 15

14 15 15 15 2

13 8 16 7 17

1 4 18 3 13

Table of frequency

Lorry using Frequency, Lower Upper Lower Upper Mid-Point Cumulative fx

Jalan Tun (f) Limit Limit Boundary Boundary (x) Frequency
Razak (week)
1 - 3 6 1 3 0.5 3.5 2 6 12
4 - 6 2 4 6 3.5 6.5 5 8 10
7 - 9 3 7 9 6.5 9.5 8 11 24
10 - 12 2 10 12 9.5 12.5 11 13 22
13 - 15 11 13 15 12.5 15.5 14 24 154
16 - 18 6 16 18 15.5 18.5 17 30 102

∑ 𝑓 = 30 ∑ 𝑓𝑥

= 324

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Graph of Histogram

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 Table of frequency for Histogram

Lorry using Frequency, Lower Upper Mid-Point Cumulative

Jalan Tun (f) Boundary Boundary (x) Frequency
Razak (week)
1 - 3 6 0.5 3.5 2 6
4 - 6 2 3.5 6.5 5 8
7 - 9 3 6.5 9.5 8 11
10 - 12 2 9.5 12.5 11 13
13 - 15 11 12.5 15.5 14 24
16 - 18 6 15.5 18.5 17 30
19 – 21 0 18.5 21.5 20 30

∑ 𝑓 = 30

FROM HISTOGRAM ;

Mode = 15.5 – 12.5 = 3

3 ÷ 10 = 0.3

0.3 × 7 = 2.1

12.5 + 2.1 = 14.6

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Graph of Ogive

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 Table of frequency for Ogive

Lorry using Frequency, Lower Upper Mid-Point Cumulative

Jalan Tun (f) Boundary Boundary (x) Frequency
Razak (week)
1 - 3 6 0.5 3.5 2 6
4 - 6 2 3.5 6.5 5 8
7 - 9 3 6.5 9.5 8 11
10 - 12 2 9.5 12.5 11 13
13 - 15 11 12.5 15.5 14 24
16 - 18 6 15.5 18.5 17 30

∑ 𝑓 = 30

FROM OGIVE :

Median

30
N= 15
2

Median Class 10 – 12

L = 9.5

F = 11

fm = 2

C=3

From the data obtained, week =13-15 shows the highest frequency of lorry movement on the
road. This is because Malaysian government had loosened the lockdown restrictions and
permitted several corporate sectors to resume operations. Form June 10, 2020, cross-state
travel will be allowed except in areas where the enhanced Movement Control Order or MCO
has been declared, but Malaysian must adhere to comply with the standard operating
procedures (SOP) set by the government to curb the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic during
the Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Kaamatan Feast and so on.

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 Calculation using formula method

𝑑1
Mode = mode class 13 – 15 Mode = L + (𝑑1+𝑑2) × C

𝑑1
L = 12.5 = 12.5 + (𝑑1+𝑑2) × 3

9
d1 = 11 – 2 = 12.5 + (9+5) × 3

9
=9 = 12.5 + (14) × 3

d2 = 11 – 6 = 14.43

=5

C=3

Median ;

𝑁
−𝐹
L = 9.5 Median = L + ( 2𝑓𝑚 ) × C

𝑁 30 15−11
.2 = = 15 = 9.5 + ( )×C
2 2

F = 11 = 15.5

fm = 2

C=3

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 Table of frequency for Mean 𝑥
Lorry using Frequency, Mid-Point Cumulative fx
Jalan Tun (f) (x) Frequency
Razak (week)
1 - 3 6 2 6 12
4 - 6 2 5 8 10
7 - 9 3 8 11 24
10 - 12 2 11 13 22
13 - 15 11 14 24 154
16 - 18 6 17 30 102

∑ 𝑓 = 30 ∑ 𝑓𝑥

= 324

Mean ; 𝑥=
∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑥=
∑𝑓

324
𝑥=
30

𝑥 = 10.8

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 Table of Frequency for mean deviation (𝐸), variance(S ²), and standard deviation(𝑠)

Lorry using Frequency, Mid-Point, fx |𝑥 − 𝑥| |𝑥 − 𝑥|𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑥)² (𝑥 − 𝑥)²𝑓

Jalan Tun (f) (x)
Razak (week)
1 - 3 6 2 12 8.8 52.8 77.44 464.64
4 - 6 2 5 10 5.8 11.6 33.64 269.12
7 - 9 3 8 24 2.8 8.4 7.84 23.52
10 - 12 2 11 22 0.2 0.4 0.04 0.08
13 - 15 11 14 154 3.2 35.2 10.24 112.64
16 - 18 6 17 102 6.2 37.2 38.44 230.64

∑ 𝑓 = 30 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 ∑|𝑥 − 𝑥|𝑓 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥)²𝑓

= 324 = 145.6 = 1100.64

Mean ;

𝑠𝑓𝑥
𝑥= Mean Deviation ;
𝑠𝑓

∑|𝑥−𝑥|𝑓
E= ∑𝑓

324 145.6
𝑥 = E=
30 30

𝑥 = 10.8 E = 4.8533

Variance ; Standard Deviation ;

∑(𝑥−𝑥)²𝑓
S² = ∑𝑓
= √𝑠²

1100.64
= = √36.688
30

S² = 36.688 = 6.057

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3.0 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Supported by the calculated values above, answer the following questions:

a) Is there any difference between the answer you’ve obtained from the graph and the
answer you’ve derived from formula? Why?
There is a difference between answers than using a graph. This is because the formula has
been given detailed information. With the formula, we can also save time and even easy
to understand by all parties. Therefore, mathematical formulas are also one of the
alternative to solve the problem.

b) From your derived values of mean deviation and standard deviation, what can you say
about your collected data?
In conclusion, we can estimate the number of lorries that will pass via Jalan Tun Razak
during MCOs based on the frequency table, the central tendency and dispersion, as well
as the graph. The histogram graph that we create using the entire set of data has a
unimodal structure. Then, we created an Ogive graph as well. The Histogram graph, we
built has been down and then up over the course of a week. Next, the Ogive graph has a
concave upward contour, indicating that there are more lorry on the road today.

c) How does the MCO affected the number of lorries that passing through the road? Give
reasons to support your answer.
The MCOs affected the number of lorries that passing through the road because Malaysia
lacks the current technology to generate the raw materials needed to build a product, there
are fewer raw materials needed to build a product, there are fewer raw materials that can
be produced by companies. This result is a reduction in delivery services and only a few
necessary store are permitted to open during MCOs began.

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d) In your opinion, in what way does the MCO impacted the environment in Malaysia?

In my opinion, the way does the (MCOs) impacted the environment in Malaysia is a air
pollution. Air pollution are of concern to human health, especially in urban areas where
economic activities and rapid industrialization are associated with poor air pollution.
Differences in air pollutant concentrations before and during the (MCOs) period were
evaluated in order to understand the impact of changes in emission on air pollution and
human health, in particular in air pollution and human health on inhalation of non-
carcinogenic pollutants for the city population.

e) What are your suggestion in improving the quality of environment in Malaysia?

The first suggestion in improving the quality environment in Malaysia is recycle. The
authorities have prepared bins according to different types of waste. In addition, we also
separated designated waste such as blue bins for paper, brown bins for glasses and orange
bins for cans. Therefore, we must practice how to take care of the environment so that our
environment is clean and cheerful.

The second suggestion is to reduce the use of chemicals. Organic farming is one example of a
method that is encourage because there are no chemicals involved. Pollution incident in
Malaysia such as the pollution of Sungai Kim Kim in Pasir Gudang has effected children who
have fallen ill and their schools had to closed. Therefore, we must be responsible to taking
care of our environment so as not to affect the people around us.

Last but not least, the next suggestion is law enforcement by the authorities is important to
protect the environment in Malaysia. This step can be avoided if the authorities are firm and
punish with a fair and equitable punishment capable of leaving an impact on the public. In
conclusion, civil servants and authorities must carry out the duties they have been entrusted
with honestly.

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f) List the latest technology that can help to improve the quality of the environment related to
the transportation system in Malaysia.
- Light LED
- Solar Panels
- Wind Energy
- Electric Vehicles

Conclusion

Some people believe that government should append more money or developing public
transportation , such as buses , trains and subways . In this regard , I think that government
should pay attention to transpiration because increasing convince of the people , decreasing
traffic and air pollution on streets .

Mainly , improving transportation could bring the convenience for the people of a city . One
kind of the convenience refers to cheapness of public transportation due to the fact that they
feel tranquility and calmness . Moreover , developing public transportation is cause of
decreasing traffic in a city . Enhancing of buses , trains , and subway could cause of decreasing
of the decreasing the attendance of personal vehicles on the streets .

Last but not least , improving public transportation could reduce air pollution in a city . In this
regard , the fewer cars attend on the streets , the less smoke and fume would inhale on the
streets . So , trees and plant would stand for more times , and the people in the margin of streets
, especially old people and children feel healthy . Therefore , governments should give attention
to public transportation as away of reducing pollution in cities .

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5.0 References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Malaysia

https://www.electropages.com/blog/2019/09/what-is-green-technology

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030691920600039X

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=impact+of+transportation+in+
mco&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1664355313224&u=%23p%3DcXKZtmWZOyoJ

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