MATERNAL (OBREGON)

1. Concept of Unitive and Procreative Health

 When we considered Unitive and Procreatine moral, legal?

2. Female Reproductive System

 External organs
 Labia majora- large lips
- enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs. On the
surface of the labia majora, which even houses sweat and oil-
secreting glands, hair growth also takes place during puberty.
 Labia Minora- small lips
- can be different sizes and forms. They surround the entrances of the
vagina and urethra and are positioned directly inside the labia
majora. This skin is extremely sensitive and prone to irritation and
swelling.
 Bartholin’s glands - On each side, these glands are close to the vaginal opening and
secrete fluid (mucus).
 Clitoris- The clitoris, a small, delicate protrusion similar to a man's penis.  The
prepuce, a fold of skin that resembles the foreskin at the end of the penis, covers
the clitoris. The clitoris can become erect when stimulated, just like the penis.
 Internal organs
 Vagina- The cervix connects to the exterior of the body through the vagina, which
acts as a canal. It is sometimes referred to as the birth canal.
 Uterus- The uterus is a pear-shaped, hollow organ that houses the fetus during
pregnancy. The cervix, which is the lower portion of the uterus that enters into the
vagina, and the corpus, which is the larger portion of the uterus, are separated
anatomically. A developing baby can be held by the corpus with ease. Sperm enters
and menstrual blood exits through a canal in the cervix.
 Ovaries- On either side of the uterus are two small, oval-shaped glands called the
ovaries. Eggs and hormones are produced by the ovaries.
 Fallopian tubes- These are tiny tubes that connect to the uterus' upper portion and
are used to transport the ova (egg cells) from the ovaries to the uterus. In the
fallopian tubes, an egg and a sperm are often fertilized. Once within the uterus, the
fertilized egg implants to the uterine lining.
 Pelvis- the area of a woman's lower abdomen that is in between her hip bones.
Typically, the female pelvis is less high, wider, and more delicate than the male pelvis.
The female pubic arch has a broad, rounded angle.
 Breast- The tissue that surrounds the pectoral (chest) muscles is known as the breast.
Glandular tissue, which is used to generate milk, as well as fatty tissue make up a
woman's breasts. The size of the breast is determined by the amount of fat.
 Different Hormones and their Functions – book page 555
3. Male Reproductive System
 External structures
 The root- This is the area of the penis that connects to the abdominal wall.
 The body or shaft- The penis body comprises three interior chambers and is
structured like a tube or cylinder. There is a unique, sponge-like erectile tissue inside
of these chambers that has millions of large gaps that swell with blood when you
become sexually aroused. The penis gets hard and erect as it fills with blood,
enabling penetration during intercourse. Due to the loose and elastic nature of the
penis' skin, erections can cause changes in the penis' size.
 The glans- This is the penis's cone-shaped tip. The foreskin, a loose covering of skin,
covers the glans, also known as the head of the penis. Sometimes, during a
procedure known as circumcision, this skin is removed.
 Scrotum- The skin pouch that hangs loosely behind the penis is known as the
scrotum. Together with numerous nerves and blood vessels, it houses the testicles.
Testicles are shielded by the scrotum, which also functions as a kind of climate
control system. The testes need to be just a little bit colder than body temperature
for proper sperm development. The scrotum's wall may contract and relax thanks to
certain muscles, which allows the testicles to move closer to the body for warmth
and protection or farther away from the body for cooling.
 Testicles(testes)- The spermatic cord secures the testes at either end, which are oval
organs the size of really big olives that are located in the scrotum. Men typically
have two testicles. The testes are where sperm and testosterone, the main
hormone involved in male sex, are produced. Seminiferous tubules, coiling
collections of tubes, are found inside the testes. Through a process known as
spermatogenesis, these tubules are in charge of creating the sperm cells.
 Epididymis- Each testicle has a long, coiled tube called the epididymis that lies there.
It transports and stores sperm produced in the testes. The epididymis is also
responsible for maturing the sperm because immature sperm that emerge from the
testes cannot be fertilized. Contractions push the sperm into the vas deferens
during sexual pleasure.
 Internal structures
 Vas Deferens- A lengthy, muscular tube called the vas deferens extends from the
epididymis across the pelvic cavity and ends right beyond the bladder. To prepare
for ejaculation, the vas deferens moves mature sperm to the urethra.
 Ejaculatory ducts- The vas deferens and the seminal vesicles combine to generate
these ducts. The ejaculatory ducts discharge into the urethra.
 Urethra- The tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside of your
body is called the urethra. In males, it has the additional function of releasing
(ejaculating) semen when you experience orgasm. Only semen can be ejaculated
during an orgasm when the penis is erect during intercourse because the flow of
urine from the urethra is obstructed.
 Seminal vesicles- The seminal vesicles, which resemble sac-like pouches, connect to
the vas deferens directly above the bladder's base. The seminal vesicles produce a
sugary fluid called fructose that gives sperm a source of energy and facilitates their
 mobility (motility). The majority of your ejaculatory fluid is made up of the seminal
vesicles' fluid.
 Prostate gland- The prostate gland is a walnut-sized organ that is situated in front of
the rectum beneath the urine bladder. The ejaculate receives extra fluid from the
prostate gland. The sperm are also fed by the prostate secretions. The prostate
gland's core is crossed by the urethra, which transports the ejaculate that will be
released during an orgasmic period.
 Bulbourethral glands- Pea-sized organs known as Cowper's glands are situated
directly below the prostate gland on the sidewalls of the urethra. A clear, slick fluid
that is produced by these glands and flows directly into the urethra. This liquid is
used to lubricate the urethra to balance any acidity that might be present as a result
of leftover urine drops.
 Male breast- Gynecomastia is an increase in breast gland tissue in boys or men that is
brought on by an estrogen and testosterone hormone imbalance. One or both breasts
may be affected by gynecomastia, frequently unevenly.
- Gynecomastia is typically not a major problem, although managing
the illness can be challenging. Gynecomastia can cause men and
boys to experience discomfort in their breasts as well as feelings of
embarrassment.
- Gynecomastia could disappear by itself. Surgery or medicines might
be helpful if it continues.

 Neurohormonal control of the male reproductive system- book page 555

Discuss the following: In a diagram or drawing form and Explain

Menstrual Cycle

Ovarian and Uterine Cycle