INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE AND ITS COMPONENTS

SUBJECT/COURSE NSTP
DEVELOPER AND MA. ANGELA MAE A. ARCEO, LPT. M.A.
THEIR
BACKGROUND
COURSE Welcome to Module of NSTP 1! Civic Welfare Training Service
INTRODUCTION refers to the program component or activities contributory to the
general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the
community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those
devoted to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and
other social welfare services.

It aims to promote empowerment of the youth by providing education

grounded on academic
excellence and strength of character. Students are expected to develop
the passion for mental knowledge and meritorious performance as
well as the recognition of moral values as essential to growth of
character. The
integration of humanities and the social sciences into the technical
curriculum has paved the way to the
achievement of this goal.

COURSE  What do you know about drugs?

OUTLINE  What are drugs?
 Why do people use drugs?
 How can using a drug be good and bad?
 Common Signs of Drug Use
 Effects of Drug Abuse
 Schools and Drug Abuse Prevention
 Risk Factors
 How to Avoid Drug Use
 Penalties for drug users in the Philippines
CHAPTER #
TITLE Drug Education
OVERVIEW Drug education is an important strategy for reducing the extent of
drug related incidents among young people. Effective drug education
programs need to build knowledge and increase the competency of
students to act in safe ways when presented with challenging
situations.
This module supports the personal and social capabilities and
provides opportunities for students to build upon their drug education
knowledge and skills, identify high risk situations, and develop a
range of strategies to prepare them to make safer decisions.
The suggested activities in this module of work can be modified or
 additional resources sourced to support student needs and the local
context.
INSTRUCTION TO This module includes in-depth information and assignments about
THE USERS drug education. Please read the module comprehensively and answer
the test given below.
PRE-TEST Activity 1: What do you know about drugs?

This quiz is to help you find out what you already know about drugs,
the effects they can have on your body, the laws about legal and
illegal drugs, how you keep yourself and your mates safe in situations
where alcohol and drugs are being used, and your attitudes about
alcohol and drugs. Read each question and encircle your
answer.

Types of drugs and what they can do to your body

1. Drugs can have different effects on your body. Classify these

drugs according to the main affect they have on your central
nervous system (CNS).

 Nicotine
 Caffeine
 Alcohol
 Ecstasy
 Magic
 Mushrooms
 Amphetamines
 Cannabis
 Cocaine
 LSD
 Heroin

Stimulants

Depressants

Hallucinogens

Multi-action
(have more than
one effect)
 2. Dope, gunga and weed are all street or slang names for which
1. Cannabis drug?
2. True a) Cannabis
3. True b) Alcohol
4. False c) LSD
5. True d) Cocaine
6. True e) Don’t know
7. False 3. Alcohol can cause some cancers in the body.
8. False a) True
9. True b) False
10. True c) Don’t know
11. True 4. Smoking tobacco or cannabis using an implement (eg bong,
12. True shisha or hookah) will not reduce the damage to your lungs.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know
5. Alcohol only affects the brain and liver.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know
6. If a young person under 18 years of age drinks alcohol they
can affect the healthy development of their brain.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know

7. If a woman drinks alcohol while she is pregnant or

breastfeeding it can cause damage to the baby.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know

Drugs and the law

8. It is legal to drink alcohol under the age of 18.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know
9. Growing a couple of cannabis plants is legal in the
Philippines.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know
10. Which list includes all legal drugs:
a) Analgesics, cannabis and caffeine
b) nicotine, cannabis and caffeine
c) Analgesics, nicotine, alcohol and caffeine
d) Don’t know
 11. A drug conviction may affect your future employment and
travel goals.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know
12. L and P plate drivers and riders must have a Blood Alcohol
Concentration of zero.
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know
13. It is illegal to drink alcohol in public places (park, beach,
oval).
a) True
b) False
c) Don’t know

LEARNING At the end of this module, you will be able to:

OBJECTIVES
1. Demonstrate current knowledge and understandings about
drugs and drug use
2. understand the aim of the drug education
program
3. identify rules for a safe classroom environment
DISCUSSION OF What are drugs?
TOPICS Drugs are chemicals that change the way our bodies function.
Psychoactive substances are drugs that affect our central nervous
system (especially the brain) and make us see, think, feel and behave
differently than we usually do. Some of the most commonly used
drugs are caffeine (in cola, coffee, tea and chocolate), ethanol (in
alcohol), nicotine (in cigarettes, cigars and chewing tobacco), and
THC (in marijuana and other cannabis products).

Why do people use drugs?

People use drugs to get some benefit. For example, many people drink
coffee to wake up and feel alert. And many people use alcohol to
relax and unwind. Other drugs are used to take away pain or to
address other problems. Some drugs are used to have a good time or
to induce a spiritual experience.

How can using a drug be good and bad?

Many drugs, like certain medications, have greatly benefited human
beings. In fact, most drugs are useful in some way. But all drug use
also carries some risk. Even prescription medication from a doctor
can cause harm, especially if not taken properly.

How much risk is involved in using a drug—and how much harm it

may cause—depends on many factors.
1. More drug equals more risk. Increased risk is associated with a
greater amount and increased frequency of drug use, and with a higher
concentration of the drug.
2. Younger age equals more risk. The human brain begins to develop
in the womb but is not fully formed until well into adulthood. Drugs
influence not only our immediate experience but also the way our
brains develop. Drugs have a greater impact on young brains than
they do on older brains.
3. Places, times and activities influence risk. Drinking a glass of wine
at a family celebration and then playing chess with grandpa is less
likely to result in harm than sneaking alcohol with a group of
classmates and then riding bikes or skateboarding.
4. The reasons are important. When a person uses a drug because they
are curious, they are likely to use it only occasionally or for a short
time. But when a person uses a drug to deal with long-term problems,
they may use the drug too much or too often. When a person uses a
drug in order to fit in with a particular group, they may not listen to
their inner self and therefore may make poor choices. Making good
decisions about substance use involves always looking at both the
benefits and the risks, thinking about the reasons the drug is being
used, and ensuring the context is safe for use. Generally, it is safest
not to use any drug unless one can be sure the benefits clearly
outweigh the risks, and that the context and reasons for use do not
increase the potential for harm.

Common Signs of Drug Use

Changes in attendance in school or work Abrupt changes in overall
attitude Irritable, discourteous, aggressive Usually untrustworthy and
lacks self-confidence Low frustration tolerance Lacking interest in
one’s studies or work
Blames everybody but oneself Prefers to stay with peers May frequent
odd places Poor physical appearance Wearing of sunglasses at
inappropriate times Unusual effort to cover arms to hide needle marks
Stealing items which can be readily sold Unusual borrowing of
money from relatives and friends Association with known drug
abuses

Effects of Drug Abuse

 Effects on the Person

Medical and Physical Deterioration Respiratory, digestive, and other
health problems Personal Deterioration Manipulativeness; negative
attitudes; selfishness; low frustration tolerance; poor family relations;
no trustworthiness; depression; absence of good manners and right
conduct, among others.
  Effects on the Family
Family members develop intense feelings of humiliation and guilt
Low self esteem of family members Spirit of togetherness and unity
are broken Domestic violence Loss of money or valuables.

 Effects on the Community

Increase in petty crimes within neighborhoods Increase of drug
dependents and drug pushers Developing fear of drug users among
residents, especially at night Neighborhood association and
interaction is reduced.

 Effects on Society
Increase in heinous and anti-social crimes Overwhelming fear towards
drug dependents, limiting people’s movement especially at night
Disregarding of moral values and the deterioration of the moral fiber
of society (leading to prostitution, pedophilia, child abuse, and other
immoral acts) A threat to national security.
Schools and Drug Abuse Prevention

What is drug abuse prevention?

“Drug abuse prevention “is a commonly used term, but what does it
really mean? And what does it mean to schools? “Drug prevention “or
“drug abuse prevention“ has three main components:

 Demand reduction strategies

These strategies aim to reduce the desire and willingness to obtain and
use drugs and to prevent, reduce or delay the uptake of drug use. They
may include abstinence-oriented strategies.

 Supply reduction strategies

These strategies aim to disrupt the production and supply of illicit
drugs, as well as limit the access and availability of licit drugs in
certain contexts. In the school setting this includes measures taken to
limit the use, possession and sale of illicit drugs on school premises.

 Strategies to mitigate the negative health and social

consequences of drug use
These strategies aim to reduce the impact of drug use and drug-related
activities on individuals and communities.

Risk Factors
 Risk Factors (Family)
Drug use in the family is a factor associated with the initiation and
frequency of drug abuse by children.

Poor, Inconsistent Family Management Practices Children in families

with low disciplinary practices and interaction with parents are at high
risk for delinquency and drug abuse.

 Family Conflict
Children raised in families with high rates of conflict appear at risk
for delinquency and drug abuse. Homes broken by marital discord
are at higher risk of delinquency and drug use.
Risk Factors (Family)

Family Social Deprivation

Children living in families characterized by social isolation and
multiple entrapments of parents in extreme poverty are at elevated
risk of drug abuse.
Image

 Risk Factors (Social)

Early Exposure and Frequency of Antisocial Behaviors
Early antisocial behavior in the primary grades predicts frequent use
of drugs in adolescence. Delinquent behavior may lead to drug
addiction later in adolescence.

 Attitudes and Beliefs

Individuals with values different from those dominant in society are
likely to become delinquents and drug abusers. These values include:
 Low religiosity
 Rebelliousness
 High tolerance of deviance
 Resistance to authority
 A strong need for independence

Knowledge about the health effects has preventive effect on drug use.
Positive beliefs and attitude towards use of drugs, alcohol, and
tobacco leads to use of these vices.

 Peer Pressure and Other Factors

Risk Factors (Social)
Drug behavior and drug-related attitudes of peers are among the
strongest and most potent predictors of drug involvement.

 School Failure
Delinquency is related to academic performance in school.
School failure in elementary grades precedes delinquency.
Poor school performance is a common antecedent into drugs.

 Risk Factors (School)

Low Degree of Commitment to Education and Attachment to School

Those who are committed to participating in school activities, hold

high achievement and educational aspirations are the least prone to
delinquency and drug abuse.
Drug users are more likely to be absent from school, cut classes and to
perform more poorly than non-users.

 Neighborhood Attachment and Community Disorganization

High population densities, high crime rates, and lack of natural
surveillance in public places can cause increased delinquency and
drug abuse.
Similar to crime rates, community values and norms also affect rate
of adolescent delinquency and drug abuse.

 Risk Factors (Other Factors)

Mobility
Increased antisocial behavior results when experiencing transitions
(transferring schools or moving between levels) Residential mobility
can also predict delinquency, and is also related with drug initiation
and frequency of use.

Constitutional, Genetic and Personality Factors

Children with biological or psychological deficiencies are at greater

risk of abusing drugs.
Those displaying abnormal mood, anxiety or behavior disorders are at
increased risk.
Those who are clinically depressive, display anxiety disorders, or
impulse control disorders are vulnerable to substance abuse.

Media
Advertising is powerful in influencing youth decisions.
Film and TV stars, pop stars and fashion models make smoking seem
attractive (Ary, 1988) and the adolescents imitate them to smoke their
style.

Commonly Abused Substances

 Alcohol
Other Terms: Ethyl alcohol or ethanol How it is Used: Drinking
Effects on the Body: Slows reflexes and causes drowsiness when used
in excess, dementia, stroke, cardiovascular problems, hypertension,
increased risk of many kinds of cancer.

 Caffeine
Found in: Coffee, tea, cocoa, soft drinks, and some medications How
it is Used: Orally in pill form or consumed in food and drinks Effects
on the Body: Reduces fine motor coordination, increases alertness,
alters sleep patterns, and can cause headaches, nervousness, and
dizziness.

 Nicotine
Other Terms: Tobacco; found in cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless
tobacco How it is Used: Smoked or chewed Effects on the Body:
Reduces appetite and can cause nausea and vomiting, increases
alertness.

 Marijuana
Other Terms: Grass, pot, reefer, and weed How it is Used: Usually
smoked; baked into brownies; brewed like tea Effects on the Body:
Marijuana impairs memory, concentration, perception, and
movement.

 Cocaine
Other Terms: Crack, blow, rock, snow, coke How it is Used: Snorted,
smoked, or injected Effects on the Body: Causes dizziness, headache,
stimulates the brain and spinal cord, and increased heart rate. Elevated
blood pressure, increased body temperature, increased breathing rate.

 Ecstasy
Other Terms: X, Molly, Happy Drug, Love Drug How it is Used:
Orally in pill form Effects on the Body: Increased heart rate, blood
pressure, and body temperature, dehydration, nausea, muscle
cramping, involuntary teeth clenching, blurred vision, chills,
sweating.

 Shabu
Other Terms: Shabs, S, bato How it is Used: Snorted Effects on the
Body: Tachycardia, hypertension, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias,
chest pain, accelerated atherosclerosis, dyspnea, edema, abscess,
cellulitis, seizures, hypotension, dental caries, periodontal abscess
(meth mouth), pupillary dilatation.

 Benzodiazepines
Other Terms: Vs, Downers, Benzos How it is Used: Taken orally
Effects on the Body: Euphoria, drowsiness, stupor, coma, respiratory
depression, seizures, slurring of speech, disorientation, delayed
reflexes.

The most commonly used drug by teenagers in the Philippines is a

variant of methamphetamine called ecstasy. According to a 2018
United Nations report, the Philippines had the highest rate of ecstasy
abuse among countries in East Asia; about 2.2% of Filipinos between
the ages 12-19 years were ecstasy users.
How to Avoid Drug Use

 Understand how alcohol and drug addiction develops

 Get help if you have an alcohol or drug problem
 Avoid temptation and peer pressure Find support that you
need
 Maintain physical wellness and mental health Use drugs
properly
 Accept yourself
 Develop your potentials and engage in productive and
fulfilling activities Communicate your issues and concerns
 Learn how to cope with your problems
 Seek professional help if you feel you cannot cope with
problems
 Develop strong moral and spiritual foundations.

Penalties for Drug Users in The Philippines

ACTS AND PENALTIES

SECTION 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled
Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
– The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from
Five hundred thousand pesos(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall import or bring into the Philippines any
dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved,
including any and all species of opium poppy or any part thereof or
substances derived therefrom even for floral, decorative and culinary
purposes. The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from
One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall import any controlled precursor and essential
chemical.

The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be

imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized under this Act,
shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical through the use of a
diplomatic passport, diplomatic facilities or any other means
involving his/her official status intended to facilitate the unlawful
entry of the same. In addition, the diplomatic passport shall be
confiscated and canceled.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
imposed upon any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a
“financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a protector/coddler of any
violator of the provisions under this Section.

SECTION 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery,

Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. – The penalty of life
imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell,
trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute,
dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any and
all species of opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity
involved, or shall act as a broker in any of such transactions. The
penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1)
day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give
away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit
or transport any controlled precursor and essential chemical, or shall
act as a broker in such transactions. If the sale, trading,
administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution or transportation of
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical transpires within one hundred (100) meters from the school,
the maximum penalty shall be imposed in every case. For drug
pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals as
runners, couriers and messengers, or in any other capacity directly
connected to the dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals trade, the maximum penalty shall be imposed in
every case. If the victim of the offense is a minor or a mentally
incapacitated individual, or should a dangerous drug and/or a
controlled precursor and essential chemical involved in any offense
herein provided be the proximate cause of death of a victim thereof,
the maximum penalty provided for
under this Section shall be imposed. The maximum penalty provided
for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person who
organizes, manages or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal
activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a protector/coddler of any
violator of the provisions under this Section.

SECTION 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort. – The penalty of

life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall
maintain a den, dive or resort where any dangerous drug is used or
sold in any form.The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve
(12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging
from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or
group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or resort where any
controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold in any
form.
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
imposed in every case where any dangerous drug is administered,
delivered or sold to a minor who is allowed to use the same in such a
place. Should any dangerous drug be the proximate cause of the death
of a person using the same in such den, dive or resort, the penalty of
death and a fine ranging from One million (P1,000,000.00) to Fifteen
million pesos (P15,000,000.00) shall be imposed on the maintainer,
owner and/or operator. If such den, dive or resort is owned by a third
person, the same shall be confiscated and escheated in favor of the
government: Provided, That the criminal complaint shall specifically
allege that such place is intentionally used in the furtherance of the
crime: Provided, further, That the prosecution shall prove such intent
on the part of the owner to use the property for such purpose:
Provided, finally, That the owner shall be included as an accused in
the criminal complaint. The maximum penalty provided for under this
Section shall be imposed upon any person who organizes, manages or
acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this
Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos(P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a protector/coddler of any
violator of the provisions under this Section.

SECTION 7. Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort. – The

penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1)
day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon:
a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature
of the place as such; and
b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next
preceding paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as such and
shall knowingly visit the same.

SECTION 8. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled

Precursors and Essential Chemicals. – The penalty of life
imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall
engage in the manufacture of any dangerous drug. The penalty of
imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall
manufacture any controlled precursor and essential chemical. The
presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or
laboratory equipment in
the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of
any dangerous drug. It shall be considered an aggravating
circumstance if the clandestine laboratory is undertaken or established
under the following circumstances:
a) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the
presence or with the help of minor/s;
b) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken
within one hundred (100) meters of a residential, business, church or
school premises;
c) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby
traps;
d) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business
operations; or
e) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public
official or foreigner. The maximum penalty provided for under this
Section shall be imposed upon any person,
who organizes, manages or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal
activities prescribed in this Section.
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a protector/coddler of any
violator of the provisions under this Section.

SECTION 9. Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and

Essential Chemicals. – The penalty of imprisonment ranging from
twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall illegally divert any
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
SECTION 10. Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument,
Apparatus, and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. – The penalty of
imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand
pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person who shall deliver, possess with
intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver equipment,
instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs,
knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know,
that it
will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture,
compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack,
repack, store, contain or conceal any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical in violation of this Act.

The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1)
day to four (4) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos
(P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed if
it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the
human body a dangerous drug in violation of this Act. The maximum
penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any
person, who uses a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual to
deliver such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia
for dangerous drugs.

SECTION 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs. – The penalty of life

imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall
possess
any dangerous drug in the following quantities, regardless of the
degree of purity thereof:
1) 10 grams or more of opium;
2) 10 grams or more of morphine;
3) 10 grams or more of heroin;
4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”;
6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
7) 500 grams or more of marijuana;
8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited
to, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or “ecstasy”,
paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA),
lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB),
and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their
derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity
possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements, as determined and
promulgated by the Board in accordance to Section 93, Article XI of
this Act. Otherwise, if the quantity involved is less than the foregoing
quantities, the penalties shall be graduated as follows:
1) Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand
pesos (P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if
the quantity of methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu” is ten (10)
grams or more but less than fifty (50) grams;
2) Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life
imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos
(P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if the
quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) grams or more but less than
ten (10) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine
hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil,
methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, or other dangerous
drugs such as, but not limited to, methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA) or “ecstasy”, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD),
gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and those similarly designed or
newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements; or three hundred (300) grams or more but less than five
hundred (500) grams of marijuana; 3) Imprisonment of twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from
Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) to Four hundred
thousand pesos (P400,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are
less than five (5) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or
cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil,
methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, or other dangerous
drugs such as, but not limited to, methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA) or “ecstasy”, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD),
gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and those similarly designed or
newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements; or less than three hundred (300) grams of marijuana.
SECTION 12. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and
Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs. – The penalty of
imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to four (4)
years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to
Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person,
who, unless authorized by law, shall possess or have under his/her
control any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia
fit or
intended for smoking, consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting,
or introducing any dangerous drug into the body: Provided, That in
the case of medical practitioners and various professionals who are
required to carry such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia in the practice of their profession, the Board shall
prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines thereof.
The possession of such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia fit or intended for any of the purposes enumerated in
the preceding paragraph shall be prima facie evidence that the
possessor has smoked, consumed, administered to himself/herself,
injected, ingested or used a dangerous drug and shall be presumed to
have violated Section 15 of this Act.

SECTION 13. Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social

Gatherings or Meetings. – Any person found possessing any
dangerous drug during a party, or at a social gathering or meeting, or
in the proximate company of at least two (2) persons, shall suffer the
maximum penalties provided for in Section 11 of this Act, regardless
of the quantity and purity of the dangerous drugs
.
SECTION 14. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and
Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings. – The maximum penalty provided for in
Section 12 of this Act shall be imposed upon any person, who shall
possess or have under his/her control any equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking,
consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any
dangerous drug into the body, during parties, social gatherings or
meetings, or in the proximate company of at least two (2) persons.

SECTION 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs. – A person apprehended or

arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug,
after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of
six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center for the first
offense, subject to the provisions of Article VIII of this Act. If
apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she
shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) years
and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty
thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall not be applicable
where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession
such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for underSection 10 of
this Act, in which case the provisions stated therein shall apply.

SECTION 16. Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as

Dangerous Drugs or Are Sources Thereof.– The penalty of life
imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person who shall plant, cultivate or culture
marijuana, opium poppy or any other plant regardless of quantity,
which is or may hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug or as a
source from which any dangerous drug may be manufactured or
derived: Provided, That in the case of medical laboratories and
medical research centers which cultivate or culture marijuana, opium
poppy and other plants, or materials of dangerous drugs for medical
experiments and research purposes, or for the creation of new types of
medicine, the Board shall prescribe the necessary implementing
guidelines for the proper cultivation, culture, handling,
experimentation and disposal of such plants and materials.

The land or portions thereof and/or greenhouses on which any of said

plants is cultivated or cultured shall be confiscated and escheated in
favor of the State, unless the owner thereof can prove lack of
knowledge of such cultivation or culture despite the exercise of due
diligence on his/her part. If the land involved is part of the public
domain, the maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall
be imposed upon the offender. The maximum penalty provided for
under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who organizes,
manages or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities
prescribed in this
Section. The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty
(20) years of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a
protector/coddler of any violator of the provisions under this Section.

SECTION 17. Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of

Transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals. – The penalty of imprisonment ranging from one
(1) year and one (1) day to six (6) years and a fine ranging from Ten
thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any practitioner, manufacturer, wholesaler,
importer, distributor, dealer or retailer who violates or fails to comply
with the maintenance and keeping of the original records of
transactions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical in accordance with Section 40 of this Act.

An additional penalty shall be imposed through the revocation of the

license to practice his/her profession, in case of a practitioner, or of
the business, in case of a manufacturer, seller, importer, distributor,
dealer or retailer.

SECTION 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. – The

penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1)
day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of the revocation of his/her
license to practice shall be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall
prescribe any dangerous drug to any person whose physical or
physiological condition does not require the use or in the dosage
prescribed therein, as determined by the Board in consultation with
recognized competent experts who are authorized representatives of
professional organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are
involved in the care of persons with severe pain.

SECTION 19. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. – The

penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten Million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall make or issue a prescription or any other
writing purporting to be a prescription for any dangerous drug.

SECTION 20. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or

Instruments of the Unlawful Act,Including the Properties or Proceeds
Derived from the Illegal Trafficking of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Precursors and Essential Chemicals. – Every penalty imposed for the
unlawful importation, sale, trading, administration, dispensation,
delivery, distribution, transportation or manufacture of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, the
cultivation or culture of plants which are sources of dangerous drugs,
and the possession of any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs including other laboratory
equipment, shall carry with it the confiscation and forfeiture, in favor
of the government, of all the proceeds and properties derived from the
unlawful act, including, but not limited to, money and other assets
obtained thereby, and the instruments or tools with which the
particular unlawful act was committed, unless they are the property of
a third person not liable for the unlawful act, but those
which are not of lawful commerce shall be ordered destroyed without
delay pursuant to the provisions of Section 21 of this Act After
conviction in the Regional Trial Court in the appropriate criminal case
filed, the Court shall immediately schedule a hearing for the
confiscation and forfeiture of all the proceeds of the
offense and all the assets and properties of the accused either owned
or held by him or in the name of some other persons if the same shall
be found to be manifestly out of proportion to his/her lawful income:
Provided, however, That if the forfeited property is a vehicle, the
same shall be auctioned off not later than five (5) days upon order of
confiscation or forfeiture. During the pendency of the case in the
Regional Trial Court, no property, or income derived therefrom,
which may be confiscated and forfeited, shall be disposed, alienated
or transferred and the same shall be in custodia legis and no bond
shall be admitted for the release of the same. The proceeds of any sale
or disposition of any property confiscated or forfeited under this
Section shall be used to pay all proper expenses incurred in the
proceedings for the confiscation, forfeiture, custody and maintenance
of the property pending disposition, as well as expenses for
publication and court costs. The proceeds in excess of the above
expenses shall accrue to the Board to be used in its campaign against
illegal drugs.

SECTION 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or

Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs,
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals,
Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment. – The
PDEA shall take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs,
plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, as well as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory
equipment so confiscated, seized and/or surrendered, for proper
disposition in the following manner:
1) The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the
drugs shall, immediately
after seizure and confiscation, physically inventory and photograph
the same in the presence of the
accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated
and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a representative
from the media and the Department of Justice, and any
elected public official who shall be required to sign the copies of the
inventory and be given a copy thereof.
2) Within twenty-four (24) hours upon confiscation/seizure of
dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled
precursors and essential chemicals, as well as
instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, the same shall
be submitted to the PDEA Forensic Laboratory for a qualitative and
quantitative examination.
3) A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results,
which shall be done under oath by the forensic laboratory examiner,
shall be issued within twenty-four (24) hours after the
receipt of the subject item/s: Provided, That when the volume of the
dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, and controlled
precursors and essential chemicals does not allow the completion of
testing within the time frame, a partial laboratory examination report
shall be provisionally issued stating therein the quantities of
dangerous drugs still to be examined by the forensic laboratory:
Provided, however, That a final certification shall be issued on the
completed forensic laboratory examination on the same within the
next twenty-four (24) hours.
4) After the filing of the criminal case, the Court shall, within
seventy-two (72) hours, conduct an ocular inspection of the
confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous drugs, plant sources
of dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals,
including the
instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, and through
the PDEA shall within twenty-four (24) hours thereafter proceed with
the destruction or burning of the same, in the presence of the accused
or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized,
or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the media
and the Department of Justice, civil society groups and any elected
public official. The Board shall draw up the guidelines on the
manner of proper disposition and destruction of such item/s which
shall be borne by the offender: Provided, That those item/s of lawful
commerce, as determined by the Board, shall be donated, used or
recycled for legitimate purposes: Provided, further, That a
representative sample, duly weighed and recorded is retained.
5) The Board shall then issue a sworn certification as to the fact of
destruction or burning of the subject item/s which, together with the
representative sample/s in the custody of the PDEA, shall be
submitted to the court having jurisdiction over the case. In all
instances, the representative sample/s shall be kept to a minimum
quantity as determined by the Board.
6) The alleged offender or his/her representative or counsel shall be
allowed to personally observe all of the above proceedings and his/her
presence shall not constitute an admission of guilt. In case the said
offender or accused refuses or fails to appoint a representative after
due
notice in writing to the accused or his/her counsel within seventy-two
(72) hours before the actual burning or destruction of the evidence in
question, the Secretary of Justice shall appoint a member of the public
attorney’s office to represent the former.

7) After the promulgation and judgment in the criminal case wherein

the representative sample/s was presented as evidence in court, the
trial prosecutor shall inform the Board of the final termination of the
case and, in turn, shall request the court for leave to turn over the said
representative sample/s to the PDEA for proper disposition and
destruction within twenty-four (24) hours from receipt of the same.
8) Transitory Provision: a) Within twenty-four (24) hours from the
effectivity of this Act, dangerous drugs defined herein which are
presently in possession of law enforcement agencies shall, with leave
of court, be burned or destroyed, in the presence of representatives of
the court, Department of Justice, Department of Health and the
accused/and or his counsel, and, b) Pending the organization of
PDEA, the custody, disposition, and burning or destruction of
seized/surrendered dangerous drugs provided under this Section shall
be implemented by the Department of Health.
 SECTION 22. Grant of Compensation, Reward and Award. – The
Board shall recommend to the concerned government agency the
grant of compensation, reward and award to any person providing
information and to law enforcers participating in the operation, which
results in the successful confiscation, seizure or surrender of
dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, and precursors
and essential chemicals.
SECTION 23. Plea-Bargaining Provision. – Any person charged
under any provision of this Act regardless of the imposable penalty
shall not be allowed to avail of the provision on plea-bargaining.
SECTION 24. Non-Applicability of the Probation Law for Drug
Traffickers and Pushers. – Any person convicted for drug trafficking
or pushing under this Act, regardless of the penalty imposed by the
court, cannot avail of the privilege granted by the Probation Law or
Presidential Decree No. 968, as amended.
SECTION 25. Qualifying Aggravating Circumstances in the
Commission of a Crime by an Offender under the Influence of
Dangerous Drugs. – Notwithstanding the provisions of any law to the
contrary, a positive finding for the use of dangerous drugs shall be a
qualifying aggravating
circumstance in the commission of a crime by an offender, and the
application of the penalty provided for in the Revised Penal Code
shall be applicable.
SECTION 26. Attempt or Conspiracy. – Any attempt or conspiracy to
commit the following unlawful acts shall be penalized by the same
penalty prescribed for the commission of the same as provided under
this Act:
a) Importation of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical;
b) Sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution
and transportation of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical;
c) Maintenance of a den, dive or resort where any dangerous drug is
used in any form;
d) Manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential.
SUMMARY It is possible, and desirable, for schools to be concerned with drug
AND/OR KEY demand reduction, drug supply reduction and mitigating the health
IDEAS and social consequences of drug use, with the major focus on demand
reduction. However, education authorities should not accept sole
responsibility for changing student health behaviours, including
reducing drug use. Schools may well be able to influence drug use
behaviour and it is hoped that they will do so. However, it is the
primary role of the school to teach skills, to impart knowledge and to
establish a sound values base in relation to health and drug use, not to
change behaviours that may be determined by factors beyond the
 influence of the school.

Schools, therefore, should not make change in health behaviours of

students, particularly drug use behaviours, the only measure of the
success or effectiveness of drug prevention programmes. Schools can
and should report to the community on the achievement of
educational outcomes that have been identified as contributing to the
achievement of the broader health goals of preventing drug use and
reducing adverse consequences to individuals and society.

Self-Check Test and Activity 1: Self-Reflection

Evaluation
Read the story below then do the exercises at the bottom of the page.

My Ecstasy Story
My name is Kendall. I have always thought of myself as a good
friend, a good daughter, and generally a good person. After I finished
high school, I stayed at home living with my mother and my younger
brother. I worked as a waitress to help my mother pay the bills so that
my younger brother could finish school. He always said I was his role
model and that he wanted to be just like me when he got older.

Sometimes I felt like working full time to help with the expenses at
home was too much for me, and I just wanted to forget everything and
everyone. I have always been social, so when my friend Irene invited
me to a rave, I decided to go with her. She explained that a rave is a
big party with loud electronic music where people go to dance under
bright, flashing lights and even take illegal drugs.

When we arrived, she introduced me to a guy she had met recently.

His name was Matt, and he seemed very nice. He was also handsome
and funny. "I have something really special to help you both have an
amazing time tonight," he said with a big smile. He handed us each a
small, pink pill with a little diamond on it.

I was nervous, but Irene told me the pill was called ecstasy. She said
she had tried it the weekend before and had the best time of her life.
"You are going to love it," she said. "You will feel so good that you
will forget all about your work and daily problems and just think
about what a great party this is."

She was definitely right about forgetting all about my work and daily
problems. I felt amazing at the party, and I danced all night long. I
was not thinking about my demanding boss or my long hours! Matt
was dancing alongside us. He kept smiling at me and I felt like we
really connected.
I was supposed to work the next day, but I missed my shift. I did not
get home until 5:30 in the morning, and I slept all day. When I woke
up, I felt sad and empty. Why did I feel so awful when I had felt so
amazing at the rave? I sent Irene a message and asked her when we
could take ecstasy again. She told me to meet her at the same club that
night at 10:00pm.

I called my boss and told him I was sick. I was too sad and confused
to go to work anyway. This time Matt gave us yellow pills with
dolphins on them. Irene said she wanted two. Matt asked her for some
money, so we both paid him and took our pills. We danced all night
long.

After a while, the only thing I could think about was the next time I
would get high on ecstasy with Irene and Matt and dance all night. I
started to miss more shifts at work because I often felt depressed and
just wanted to go to a rave. Even when I did go to work, I made lots
of mistakes with the guests' orders. My memory became terrible! I
couldn't remember what the guests wanted, and I had a really hard
time with the math when I had to give them their change. My boss
eventually told me that he couldn't let me work that way. He fired me!
I couldn't believe it.

That just made me more depressed, and all I wanted to do was go get
high with Irene and Matt. I did not even tell my mother that I had lost
my job. I did not think I could handle seeing her and my little brother
so disappointed in me. I was spending all of my money on ecstasy,
and I was worried that I would not be able to help my mother much
longer with the bills at home.

The night after my boss fired me, Irene and I decided to take seven
pills each. The sad truth was that as time went on, we each needed to
take more to get the same high we could get from one or two pills
when we started. One of the huge problems with ecstasy is that you
never know exactly what is in it. Every time you take a pill, it's a
gamble, but we had no choice. We were too deep inside.

Irene got so high that night that she did not drink enough water. Her
body's natural defenses were misguided by the drug. She just kept
dancing. Her body became so dehydrated that she blacked out. I could
not believe my eyes when I saw my best friend drop to the floor,
unconscious!

I cried for help! The club manager hurried over to us. "Please help
her!" I shouted.

He shook his head and started to drag Irene outside the club. "You
will need to get your own help, I'm afraid."

Shocked and terrified, I searched for Matt in the crowd. There he was!
"I am sure he will help us," I thought. "I know he cares…"

Matt looked at us for a long moment, and then disappeared back into
the club. I couldn't believe it. We were completely on our own. No
help was coming. "I can call an ambulance," I thought, "but what will
I tell them?"

That was my big wake-up call. It made me realize what a disaster my

life had become. I did finally call an ambulance and I spent that night
at the hospital with Irene, but I couldn't give the doctors any helpful
information. I was scared that I would get in trouble.

When I woke up the next day, I felt horrible. A doctor told me that my
body and my mind were being damaged by the ecstasy. He told me
that Irene came very close to dying and that what we were doing was
terribly dangerous. I just broke down and cried. Everything seemed so
dark and hopeless.

The nurses at the hospital put me in contact with a rehab

(rehabilitation) center. This is a place that helps people overcome
their addictions to drugs.

I felt horribly guilty for making my mother and brother go through

that terrible experience. My mother had a lot of financial problems
because I had lost my job, plus she needed to help pay for the cost of
my rehab. I was in the program for weeks, and it was the most
challenging experience of my life. I am so lucky that my family
stayed by my side and helped me to overcome my addiction.

The saddest part of my story is that Irene decided not to go to rehab.

She hated what her life had become, but the only way she thought she
could feel good was by going to raves and taking more and more
ecstasy. She started to work with Matt at the clubs, selling ecstasy to
young people and getting them addicted.

Later that year, she and Matt were arrested with a large quantity of
illegal drugs and were sent to prison. I cannot believe that my best
friend is in jail, but I am just thankful that she did not die as a result of
her addiction to ecstasy. I hope that her time in jail, where she
obviously can't use any drugs, will help her overcome her addiction. I
write her letters to try to encourage her even though she never writes
back.

Today, my mind is still slow, and I sometimes feel depressed. My

 doctor says that I did permanent damage to my body, my mind, and
my emotional health because of my drug abuse, but I still have hope
of regaining my old self, when I was social and optimistic.

I remember that at first my mother and brother were very

disappointed in me. I remember my brother crying when he visited
me at rehab. But over time, they realized how hard I was working to
overcome my addiction, and they are proud of me now.

I know that my brother learned from my terrible mistakes, and he will

never take drugs. I am so proud of him for how hard he works. He
recently graduated from high school and was accepted to a good
college, and my mother and I are thrilled for him. I am working again,
and I hope someday I can go to college, too. I used to be my brother's
role model and inspiration, but now he is mine.

Comprehension Questions
Read the story and watch the video at the top of the page about
ecstasy. Then answer the following questions.
1. In the story, why does Kendall need to work full time?
2. Why did Kendall start using ecstasy?
3. What was Kendall's big wake-up call?

Essay Questions
1. Of all the negative effects of ecstasy that are described in the video
and the story, which do you think is the most serious? Why do you
think so?
2. Imagine that you are with Kendall and Irene on the first night they
go to the club and meet Matt. When he offers you ecstasy, what do
you do? How do you react? What do you say to your friends, Kendall
and Irene?

REFERENCES World Health Organization (2000)

Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Annual Report (2015)

UN (2004). School-based education for drug abuse prevention.

Retrieved from
https://www.unodc.org/pdf/youthnet/handbook_school_english.pdf

An introduction to drugs & drug use. Retrieved from

http://fileserver.idpc.net/library/Module-10_Introduction-to-drugs-
and-drug-use.pdf

Goode, E. (2006). ‘The sociology of drug use’. In C. D. Bryant & D.

L. Peck (Eds.), 21st Century Sociology (Thousand Oaks, California:
Sage Publications), p. 416
Akers, B. P., Ruiz, J. F., Piper, A., & Ruck, C. A. P. (2011), ‘A
Prehistoric Mural in Spain Depicting Neurotropic Psilocybe
Mushrooms’, Economic Botany, 65(2), 121-128

Goode, E. (2006). ‘The sociology of drug use’. In C. D. Bryant & D.

L. Peck (Eds.), 21st Century Sociology (Thousand Oaks, California:
Sage Publications)