HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The organ system of the human body that is responsible for reproduction.

REPRODUCTION
Reproduction can be defined as the biological process of producing a new
individual or an offspring identical to the parents. This process ensures the increase in
the number of individuals of a species when conditions are favourable. It is one of the
fundamental characteristics of living things and an essential life process.
It typically involves sexual intercourse that results to fertilization.

FERTILIZATION
-Human fertilization is the union of the egg cell and the sperm cell. Once the
sperms enter the female body, they travel up to the fallopian tubes and fertilize the
ovum to produce a zygote. The zygote produces the embryo that eventually develops
into a fetus inside the uterus. It takes around 9 months for the complete development
of the fetus. The fully-grown fetus then makes its way through the birth canal into the
outside world.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

-It is specifically responsible for producing sperm cells and hormones.
-Sperm cell are needed to fertilize an egg cell and hormones (testosterone) are
responsible for the development of adult male characteristics.

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

PENIS
It has 3 parts: The root, The body or shaft, and The glans
It is the external male organ with a tip called Glans.
It is covered with foreskin that may be removed through circumcision.

SCROTUM
It is a sac of skin that hangs from the body, it is located under the penis and is
composed of skin and smooth muscle.
The scrotum is divided into two sections, each of which usually contains one
testis, and helps to protect the testes and maintain a lower temperature for efficient
sperm production.

TESTES / TESTICLES
The testicles are the male reproductive organ responsible for producing
reproductive cells.
oval organs about the size of very large olives that lie in the scrotum.
- most men have 2 testes
- responsible for making testosterone

EPIDIDYMIS
- a long coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle.
- it carries and stores sperm cells that are created in the testes.

VAS DEFERENS
 - a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity,
to just behind the bladder.
- transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

SEMINAL VESICLES
These are saclike pouches attached to the vas deferens.
It contributes to the semen production, a sugar-rich fluid which provides
energy for the sperm cells motility allowing them to move freely.

PROSTATE GLAND
The prostate gland is a small, walnut-sized gland that is located below the
bladder and in front of the rectum in men.
The prostate gland produces a fluid that mixes with sperm from the testicles
and other fluids from the seminal vesicles to form semen.
The gland also surrounds the urethra and helps to control the flow of urine.

URETHRA
It is the tube that lets urine leave the bladder and body.
The average male urethra is 20cm long and begins within the bladder wall and
ends in the glans of the penis.

BULBOURETHRAL GLAND
Also known as Cowper’s Gland
It is one of the pea-sized organs found beneath the prostate gland.
It is responsible for releasing fluid that flushes out foreign matters and
neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

-It is specifically responsible for producing egg cells and supporting a
developing baby inside a mother’s womb.

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

UTERUS
-Also called the womb
-Your uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that holds a fetus during
pregnancy. Your uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix and the corpus. Your
corpus is the larger part of your uterus that expands during pregnancy.

FALLOPIAN TUBE
-Also known as Uterine Tubes
- These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of your uterus and
serve as pathways for your egg (ovum) to travel from your ovaries to your uterus.. As
the ovum along the fallopian tube, the union of egg cell and sperm cell can
happen(fertilization).

OVARY
-Ovaries are the main organs of the female reproductive system that produce
the female sex cells or ova.The ovaries are oval and are in the lower part of the
abdomen.Each ovary measures about 2 to 4 cm in length in which is then connected to
the uterus and pelvic wall through ligaments.
-It stores the produced eggs in it and later releases an egg during ovulation
-It produces hormones that control the menstruation cycle and pregnancy
-It produce the ovum and secrete female sex hormones

CERVIX
-It is a short canal that leads to the uterus. It is the bottom section of the uterus.
-It produces fluids to help sperm cell travel. It also produces mucus plug to
keep out germs during pregnancy

VAGINA
-It is also known as the birth canal as it provides a passageway for childbirth.
-It is a muscular canal lined with nerves and mucus membranes. It connects
the uterus and cervix to the outside of the body, allowing for menstruation,
intercourse and childbirth.
-It receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until it
pass into the uterus.