Republic of the Philippines

City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
College of Hospitality Management

Factors Affecting the Home-Based Learning on Hospitality Management students

in Gordon College

A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Hospitality Management
Gordon College
Olongapo City

Julianne Mae Labrador

Garlyn Taroma

Reymark Murillo

Carl Melvin Paguinto

Adrian Geff Rosales

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 Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
College of Hospitality Management

Chapter I

The Problem & It’s Background

Introduction
Are students truly prepared for the "new normal?" The appearance of the COVID-19

pandemic has changed educational system, driving schools to unexpectedly move to online

classes in line of face-to-face classroom setup. In the Philippines, the Covid-19 emergency has

influenced about 27 million students, 1 million educators and non-showing staff, just as the

groups of students (Obana, J. 2020). As the world keeps on wrestling with the impacts of this

irresistible and lethal infection – undermining economy and guaranteeing many lives – changing

to distance learning is the most feasible option up until now (Alipio, 2020; Baticulon, Alberto,

Baron, Mabulay, Rizada, Sy, Tiu, Clarion and Reyes, 2020). The current circumstance presents

incredible difficulties to instructive organizations in the Philippines, yet all through the world.

The limitations what's more, local area quarantine forced on numerous spaces especially in the

nation have left understudies with barely any choice however to go to online classes. With the

goal for students to proceed with training, the Department of Education (DepEd) and different

foundations have carried out online distance learning. Online Distance Learning highlights the

educator as a facilitator, connecting with student's dynamic investment using different

innovations got to through the web while they are geologically remote from one another during

guidance (Llego, 2020). Before the implementation, DepEd has been bombarded with criticisms,

with some throwing back the question on whether DepEd and other instructive foundations are

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truly ready for the current circumstance. Regardless of the multitude of reactions, these

foundations were certain that Online Distance Learning will work in the Philippines. As per

schooling official, around 93% of state funded schools cross country as of now have gadgets that

will be utilized in the internet learning methodology for the school year 2020-20121 (Hernando-

Malipot,2020). Private schools are permitted to begin classes preceding the kickoff of

government funded school classes on October 5, 2020 given that they will just use distance

learning modalities. Notwithstanding, writing shows that e-learning presents numerous

difficulties to the two understudies and educators the same (Andersson, 2008; Islam, Lager and

Slack, 2015; Gilbert, 2015; Arinto, 2016; Gillet-Swan, 2017; Dubey and Piroska, 2019;

Baticulon et al., 2020). However, much exploration had been done with regards to online

distance learning even before the pandemic, its utilization in the essential level presently couldn't

seem to be concentrated more due to the extremely restricted sources. There is likewise a lack of

neighborhood writing on the part of understudy focus in on the online classes.

This study aims to create a proposed idea that can help the students of hospitality

management to overcome the difficulties that they have in home-based learning and the factors

that affecting their online class.

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College of Hospitality Management

Review Related Literature

In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, known as COVID-19, occurred in

China, and has spread rapidly across the globe within a few months. Coronavirus is an irresistible

infection brought about by another strain of Covid that assaults the respiratory framework

(World Wellbeing Association, 2020). As of January 2021, Coronavirus has tainted 94 million

individuals and has caused 2 million passing’s in 191 nations and domains (John Hopkins

College, 2021). This pandemic has made a monstrous interruption of the instructive frameworks,

influencing over 1.5 billion understudies. It has constrained the public authority to drop public

assessments and the schools to briefly close, stop vis-à-vis guidance, and rigorously notice

physical separating. These occasions have started the computerized change of advanced

education and provoked its capacity to react instantly and viably. Schools embraced important

innovations, arranged learning and staff assets, set frameworks and foundation, set up new

showing conventions, and changed their educational programs. In any case, the progress was

smooth for certain schools however unpleasant for other people, especially those from non-

industrial nations with restricted foundation (Pham and Nguyen, 2020; Simbulan, 2020).

Unavoidably, schools and other learning spaces had to relocate to full online learning as the

world proceeds with the fight to control the awful spread of the infection. Online learning alludes

to a learning climate that utilizes the online and other mechanical gadgets and devices for

coordinated and offbeat informative conveyance and the board of scholarly projects (Usher and

Barak, 2020; Huang, 2019). Simultaneous online learning includes constant associations between

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City of Olongapo
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College of Hospitality Management

the instructor and the understudies, while nonconcurrent online learning happens without a

severe timetable for various understudies (Singh and Thurman, 2019). Inside the setting of the

Coronavirus pandemic, online learning has taken the situation with interval remote instructing

that fills in as a reaction to an exigency. In any case, the movement to another learning space has

confronted a few significant concerns identifying with strategy, instructional method,

coordinations, financial components, innovation, and psychosocial factors (Donitsa-Schmidt and

Ramot, 2020; Khalil et al., 2020; Varea and González-Calvo, 2020). Regarding strategies,

government instruction offices and schools mixed to make secure approaches on administration

structure, instructor the executives, and understudy the board. Instructors, who were utilized to

regular showing conveyance, were additionally obliged to accept innovation despite their

absence of mechanical proficiency. To resolve this issue, online learning online classes and

friend emotionally supportive networks were dispatched. With respect to the understudies,

dropout rates expanded due to monetary, mental, and scholarly reasons. Scholastically, although

it is for all intents and purposes workable for understudies to learn anything internet, learning

may maybe be not exactly ideal, particularly in courses that expect vis-à-vis contact and direct

cooperation’s (Franchi, 2020).

The Philippines isn't the main nation dealing with these issues. Its Southeast Asian

neighbors have imaginatively reacted to similar difficulties and begun to turn to another time of

instruction. Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam have started some type of distance learning as

ahead of schedule as May 2020. Thailand's Schooling Service initially intended to execute a

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College of Hospitality Management

learning program utilizing a Distance Learning TV (DLTV) stage. Seventeen TV stations were

set up to communicate instructive courses, professional training, non-formal and casual

schooling (Praphornkul, 2020). The methodology consolidates TV or live learning and internet

learning. The rollout, be that as it may, was met with reactions because of broadcasting issues

and helpless network (Bangkok Post, 2020a). The service changed its arrangement and zeroed in

rather on getting ready for schools to return broadly after a review tracked down that 60–70% of

understudies are not prepared for television training (Bangkok Post, 2020b).

As Thailand universities move their operations online, the Service of Advanced

education, Science, Exploration and Development (MHESI) gave in excess of 60,000 instructors

and 2 million understudies admittance to Microsoft applications (Microsoft, 2020b). Colleges

have likewise taken key drives and associations to guarantee that the progress to computerized is

effective. Chulalongkorn College has dispatched its own learning stage called the Learning

Advancement Center (LIC) which contains assets, data, instruments, and techniques to help

online learning (Chulalongkorn College, 2020). Mahidol College has joined forces with Siam

Business Bank to make a worked on virtual stage for the two understudies and educators (Siam

Business Bank, 2020). Thammasat College banded together with Skill lane to dispatch a degree

program on information science. A few colleges like Chiang Mai College additionally offer

MOOC to energize online learning (Phongsathorn, 2020).

Indonesia's Schooling and Culture Service, as a team with TVRI, a state-claimed

telecaster, delivered their own distance learning program called "Learning from Home" (Jakarta
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College of Hospitality Management

Globe, 2020). The program centers around further developing education, numeracy, and

character working for all degrees of rudimentary and secondary schools. The execution,

notwithstanding, ended up being testing given issues like lopsided admittance to the web, the

divergence in instructor capabilities and schooling quality, and the absence of Data and

Interchanges Innovation (ICT) abilities (Azzahra, 2020). An overview of 1,045 understudies

tracked down that a greater part of understudies who reacted, 53.7%, refered to worries about

internet learning because of helpless web based, impediment in network portion and gathering.

However, the responses are blended, by and large, there is by all accounts a positive reaction to

online learning in Indonesia (Yamin, 2020). 95% of Indonesian colleges do internet picking up

utilizing the Web based Learning Framework Program (SPADA) (Yamin, 2020). SPADA

upholds LMS across all tertiary schooling facilitating on the web talks and course materials made

uninhibitedly accessible to understudies.

Vietnam’s Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) facilitated a public online

gathering with 300 live gathering center points to discover approaches to work on web-based

learning prior to dispatching its instructive program (Nguyen and Pham, 2020). The meeting was

gone to by HEI pioneers, innovation and specialized specialist organizations including Viettel

Gathering, VNPT, MobiFone, Vietnamobile, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, and FPT (Nguyen and

Pham, 2020). MOET announced that 110 out of 240 HEIs in Vietnam had started internet

preparing. Notwithstanding, not all HEIs have a completely evolved LMS (Nguyen and Pham,

2020). Perceiving that they are given a novel chance to cooperate and improve advanced

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City of Olongapo
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College of Hospitality Management

instructing and learning, the representatives began working out plans to carry out online training

long haul and not just as a reaction to Coronavirus. Striking associations and drives apparently

propelled by this community oriented talk incorporate MOET's organization with Microsoft

which outfitted instruction establishments with computerized apparatuses to execute remote

learning (Microsoft, 2020a), Viettel's proposal of free 3G and 4G information to educators and

understudies utilizing their e-learning stage called Viettel Study, and VNPT's dispatch of its

internet learning arrangement called VNPT E-Realizing which likewise accompanies free 3G

and 4G information (Lich, 2020).

Following quite a while of testing, online teaching is presently perceived as a

conventional technique in Vietnam, a fascinating improvement thinking about that any

proposition to officially lead online learning before Coronavirus had been ineffectively gotten by

the country's scholarly local area (Nguyen and Pham, 2020). Clergyman of Schooling and

Preparing Phung Xuan Nha conceded, notwithstanding, that issues like network issues,

particularly in far off regions, just as some instructive concerns, like the board of understudy

execution, should be figured out for the program to succeed.

The reason many students before covid stop studying is because of their lack of

resources. While online programs have critical qualities and deal exceptional openness to quality

education, there are shortcomings intrinsic in the utilization of this medium that can present

expected dangers to the achievement of any online program. Before any online program can

hope to succeed, it should have understudies who can get to the internet learning climate. Lack of
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City of Olongapo
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College of Hospitality Management

access, regardless of whether it be intended for financial or calculated reasons, will avoid in any

case qualified understudies from the course. This is a critical issue in rustic and lower financial

areas. Besides, talking according to a managerial perspective, if understudies can't bear the cost

of the innovation the foundation utilizes, they are lost as clients. Taking everything into account,

it isn't all inclusive, and in certain spaces of the US and different nations, Internet access

represents a huge expense for the client. A few clients pay a proper month to month rate for their

online program, while others are charged for the time they spend on the web. In case the

members' time online is restricted by the measure of online access they can bear, then, at that

point, guidance and investment in the online program won't be fair for all understudies in the

course.

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City of Olongapo
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College of Hospitality Management

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Profile
1.1 Age Statistical Tool
1.2 Sex Eliminating the
1.3 Address  Percentage factors affecting the
1.4 Year Level  Mean home-based
 Frequency learning and
improvement of
Data Gathering academic
2. Factors affecting
home-based  Survey performance of HM
learning Questionnaires students of Gordon
 Google forms College

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Research Process

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City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
College of Hospitality Management

Statement of the Problem

The study is focused on the factors affecting the home-based learning on Hospitality
Management students in Gordon College.

Specifically, it is sought to answer the following problems:

1. What is the profile of the student/ respondent in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Address

1.4 Year level

2. What are the factors affecting the home-based learning of Hospitality Management

students in terms of:

2.1 Internet Connection

2.2 Location

2.3 Lack of resources

2.4 Socio economic status of parents

2.5 Home Obligations

3. Is there a significant difference between the Profile of the respondents and factors

affecting the homes-based learning of Hospitality students?

4. What proposed idea can be drawn from the discoveries of the study that will help in

progress of the factors?

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City of Olongapo
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College of Hospitality Management

Hypothesis

There is a significant difference between the Profile of the Hospitality Management students

and the factors affecting the home-based learning.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on how to overcome the difficulties of HM students in their home-based

learning and the factors affecting their online classes. The main focus of this study is to create a

research project that can help the Hospitality Management students to control their difficulties at

home while doing home-based learning and the factors affecting their home-based learning.

The researchers selected more than 30 students as a respondent for their research study. The

selection was made for only the students of Hospitality Management who are currently enrolled

in Gordon College. This study will analyze the difficulties of Hospitality Management at home

while doing their home-based learning and some of the major factors affecting their home-based

learning.

It delimits that the study might not cover some of the issues and problems when it comes to

home-based learning.

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City of Olongapo
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College of Hospitality Management

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Hospitality Management Students of Gordon College - It will help them overcome the

factors affecting their home-based learning and find a solution to avoid this kind of problems to

occur.

Teachers - It can help them pinpoint the main issue and problem of their students on their

home-based learning.

Parents - This will help them clarify the things that their children really need in terms of their

home-based learning. .

Future researchers - They will have a background, and this will serve as their guide and

basis.

Definition of Terms

Factors Affecting the Home-Based Learning on Hospitality Management students in

Gordon College- This research is about Hospitality Management students who are currently

taking their home-based learning. This study will show the factors affecting their home-based

learning.

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College of Hospitality Management

Respondents- These are the persons who are been invited to participate in a particular study and

have taken part in the study.

Internet Connection- is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the

world. Most ISPs offer broadband Internet access via a cable, DSL, or fiber connection. When

you connect to the Internet using a public Wi-Fi signal, the Wi-Fi router is still connected to an

ISP that provides Internet access

Location- a particular place or position and an actual place or natural setting in which a film or

broadcast is made, as distinct from a simulation in a studio.

Lack of resources- an insufficiency, shortage, or absence of something required or desired and

something that is required but is absent or in short supply.

Socio economic of parents- Socio-economic status of parents means educational level of

parents, the income of family, environment in the family and standard of living of the family of

parents plays an important role in the academic achievement and social behavior of the students

Home Obligations- an obligation of means will be found to have performed its obligation if it.

proves that it acted prudently and diligently and used all reasonable means to strive. to achieve

the contractually agreed upon result, regardless of whether the latter is obtained.

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City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
College of Hospitality Management

Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides a presentation and description of the research design, population and

samples, locale of the study, research instrument, validity of the instrument, data gathering

procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The Descriptive method was used in this study. Descriptive research is quantitative in nature

as it attempts to collect information and statistically analyze it. Descriptive research is a powerful

research tool that permits a researcher to collect data and describe the demographics of the same

with the help of statistical analysis. Thus, it is a quantitative research method. It is also, a type of

research that is used to describe the characteristics of a population. It collects data that are used

to answer a wide range of what, when, and how questions pertaining to a particular population or

group. A variety of data collection methods may be used alone or in combination to answer the

types of questions guiding descriptive research. Some of the more common methods include

surveys, interviews, observations, case studies, and portfolios. 

This study is about Factors Affecting the Home-Based Learning on Hospitality Management

students in Gordon College. The researchers came up with this method to use because it is the

common method to use when the research includes surveys and analyzing of data gathered.

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City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
College of Hospitality Management

Population and Samples

The location of this study is Gordon College which has a large population with all the courses

they have. Among all of this courses the researchers focus is only on the Hospitality

Management students who are currently enrolled in their school.

The population of this study were the Hospitality Management students who are currently

enrolled in Gordon College. The study made use of all the Hospitality Management who are

currently studying in Gordon College and taking their home-based learning regardless of their

age sex, year level and block. The target sample of respondents are more than 30 students who

are currently under the Hospitality Management and taking their home-based learning.

Locale of the Study

The study is conducted at Gordon College campus. Gordon College, also known

as Dalubhasaang Gordon in Filipino, is a local government-funded college in Olongapo

City, Philippines. It was founded on February 24, 1999, by virtue of City Ordinance No. 9, and is

composed of four constituent colleges: College of Computer Studies, College of Business and

Accountancy, College of Education, and College of Allied Health and Sciences. Other academic

units include the Department of Vocational Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Center for

Research and Development, and Institute of Graduate Studies.

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City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
College of Hospitality Management

Figure 2. Map Showing the Location of the Research Locale

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City of Olongapo
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College of Hospitality Management

Research Instrument

A Research Instrument is a tool used to collect, measure, and analyze data related to your

research interests. These tools are most used in health sciences, social sciences, and education to

assess patients, clients, students, teachers, staff, etc. A research instrument can include

interviews, tests, surveys, or checklists.

The researchers will used survey questionnaires form as their main instrument in this study.

The main instrument is consisting of the respondent’s profile such as name(optional), sex, age,

year level, location of residence, civil status, and birthday. Then, the researchers will be using the

Likert scale survey questions because it is essential in measuring a respondent's opinion or

attitude towards a given subject and is an integral part of market research.

Validation of Instruments

The researchers submitted their research questionnaire to their research teacher for comments,

suggestions, and revisions. The researchers also think that they need some advice to past

researchers that have a common research problem for them to know if they need to revise or add

some other questions. For the validation of the pre-test and post-test, it was distributed to some

Hospitality Management students who are not one of their respondents. This is to know the level

of difficulty and understanding of the research questionnaire.

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College of Hospitality Management

Data Gathering Procedure

After the validation of the instrument, the researchers secured a permission to their

teacher to conduct research about Factors affecting Factors Affecting the Home-Based Learning

on Hospitality Management students in Gordon College. After given permission, the researchers

explained the purpose of the study to the selected respondents, and they made sure each

participant corresponds to their predefined criteria. The researchers collected the data by means

of survey questionnaire.

The researchers will have more than 40 respondents to answer their questionnaire and

they will distribute the questionnaire online using google forms so that the respondents can

answer it quickly and submit it easily.

After securing the letter request on the conduct of the questionnaire. The data were

gathered towards the end of tallying the answers from the survey questionnaire. The data were

collected and analyzed in accordance with the questionnaire.

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College of Hospitality Management

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers will be using frequency and percentage to describe the data. The

respondents’ responses from the questionnaire will be gathered, analyze, organize, and

summarized statistically.

The profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, and year level, the researchers will use the

following statistical treatment of data:

Frequency- it will be used to know the number of times the value of data occurs.

Percentage- it is calculated by dividing the value by the total value, and then multiplying

the result by 100.

The formula used to calculate percentage is: (value/total value) ×100%.

n= total amount of items in data

f= frequency (how many times the item appears)

The researchers will also use frequency and percentage on identifying the responses of

the respondents on the research questionnaire which has a question about factors affecting the

home-based learning.

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College of Hospitality Management

The researchers used the following formula to get the weighted mean in describing or

interpretating the results of the answer of the respondents weighted mean (x̅ ) will be used with

the formula as follow:

x̅ =
( F 1 X 1) + ( F2 X 2 )
n

x̅ =( ∑ Fx )

Where:

F= frequency

x̅ = weight

n= the number of respondents

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College of Hospitality Management

Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered to answer specific problems of the study, analysis,

and interpretation.

I. Profile of the Respondents

The profile of the respondents was based on year level, sex, and age.

I.1 Year Level

Distribution of the respondents in terms of Year Level

1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year Total

21.3% (10) 31.9% (15) 25.5% (12) 21.3% (10) 100% (47)

Table 1.1

Table 1.1 reflects the distribution of respondents in terms of year level. Majority of the

respondents belong to second year with a frequency of 15 or 31.9%, followed by the third year

with a frequency of 12 or 25.5% and both first year and fourth year with a frequency of 10 or

21.3%.

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College of Hospitality Management

I.2 Sex

Distribution of the respondents in terms of Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 15 31.9%

Female 32 68.1%

Total 47 100%

Table 1.2

Table 1.2 shows the distribution of the respondents in terms of Sex. Majority of the

respondents were female with a frequency of 32 or 68.1% while the males got a frequency of 15

or 31.9%. This reflects that most of the respondents are female based on the data gathered.

I.3Age

Distribution of respondents in terms of Age

Age Frequency Percentage

19-21 years old 34 72.3%

22-24 years old 3 6.4%

21-25 years old 9 19.1%

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Above 25 years old 1 2.1%

Total 47 100%

Table 1.3

Table 1.3 shows t

2.1 Internet Connection

Strongly Agree Agree (3) Disagree (2) Strongly

(4) Disagree (1)

I can easily 13 24 9 1
access the
internet needed
for my home-
based learning
I am comfortable 10 22 15 0
communicating
electronically
I have the 10 30 6 1
resources for my
home-based
learning
I can manage my 8 26 12 1
study time
effectively and
easily complete
assignments on
time
I have strong 5 26 15 1
and stable
internet/ mobile

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connection
Table 2.1

2.2 Location

Strongly Agree Agree (3) Disagree (2) Strongly

(4) Disagree (1)
I have poor 2 16 23 6
internet
connection
because I live far
away from the
city
I have unstable 5 21 18 3
connection to
our place of
residency
I have weak data 9 19 16 3
connection
because of the
location of our
home
I can 9 30 8 0
communicate
well with my
classmates and
teachers online
I often get 6 28 9 3
disconnected
from home-
based learning
Table 2.2

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2.3 Lack of Resources

Strongly Agree Agree (3) Disagree (2) Strongly

(4) Disagree (1)
I do not have 6 16 20 5
own equipment
for home-based
learning
I have limited 14 28 5 0
budget for
laboratory
purposes
I do not have my 4 10 21 12
own internet
connection
I have limited 8 20 12 7
budget for data
connection
The equipment I 7 26 12 2
am using for
home-based
leaning is old
and getting
slower
Table 2.3

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2.4 Socio Economic of Parents

Strongly Agree Agree (3) Disagree (2) Strongly

(4) Disagree (1)
My parents do 6 21 9 11
not have a
permanent work
My parents only 11 29 2 5
have a minimum
salary wage
My parents don’t 11 25 6 5
have a master’s
degree
My parents did 11 11 9 16
not finish
college
My parents are 2 15 11 19
separated since I
am a child
Table 2.4

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2.5 Home Obligations

Strongly Agree Agree (3) Disagree (2) Strongly

(4) Disagree (1)
I have to clean 29 17 1 0
the house
everyday
I have to take 17 18 9 3
care of my
siblings from
time to time
I have to work to 7 15 20 5
provide foods
and needs of our
family
I have to 26 21 0 0
maintain the
surroundings of
our house proper
and clean
I have to do the 22 15 6 4
laundry because
no one else will
do it
Table 2.5

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