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St. Scholastica’s Academy

Tabunok, Talisay City, Cebu
S. Y. 2020-2021

Embracing Differences: Uniting Benedictine Youth in Christ

Focus: Community and Discipline

Name: Jefferson Troy D. Abas Grade & Section: Grade XI – St. Ansgar
Subject: Pre-Calculus -STEM XI Teacher: Mrs. Justina Barcoma
MODULE NO. 2
I. Module Title: SEQUENCES AND SERIES AND MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

II. Overview:
A "sequence" or ”progression" is an ordered list of numbers; the numbers in this ordered
list are called the "elements" or the "terms" of the sequence. Careful study of sequences of
real numbers leads to a way of looking at the notion of a limit, that is considered by some to be
more intuitive than studying limits of algebraic functions.
We need to study sequences and series because it is one of the important chapter in math .

This is the chapter which realise us how to solve the number series and sequences . It will
broaden our mind . This will help us to increase our analytical thinking and critical thinking.

III. Instructions
 Write your name, grade level and section on the provided space on this module.
 Brief introduction and overview are reflected in each module.
 List of objectives per module are given and expected to be learnt at the end of the
module.
 There are activities that you need to answer if Pre-Assessment is done already. Find
out how well you did in the Pretest by checking your answer on the Self-Check.
 Work the activities in relation to your module objectives. What are the skills and
strategies being applied and developed?
 After each activity, see to it on how well you have coped in the to the given activity by
going over to the Self-Check. Do not miss any item, both in the Pretest and in any
activities.
 Answer the Posttest after answering all the activities.

IV. Summary of Lesson Numbers, Titles and Competencies and Objectives

LESSONS:

LESSON 1: SEQUENCE and SERIES

LESSON 2: SIGMA NOTATION
LESSON 3: BINOMIAL EXPANSION AND PASCAL’S TRIANGLE

COMPETENCIES:

a. Illustrates a series from a sequence

b. Illustrates the Principle of Mathematical Induction
c. Proves the Binomial Theorem
d. Solves problems using mathematical induction and the Binomial Theorem
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OBJECTIVES
After working on the activities in this module you will be able to:

a. Illustrate SEQUENCES and SERIES.

b. Differentiate a series from a sequence
c. Use the sigma notation to represent a series
d. Illustrate the principle of mathematical induction
e. Apply mathematical Induction in proving in Binomial Expansion

V. PRE-ASSESSMENT

5.
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OBJECTIVES

1. Illustrates sequences and series

2. Determine the terms in a sequence through the given sequence function
3. Find the terms in an arithmetic and geometric sequence
4. Find the series/sum of a sequence using the Sigma Notation or the Summation Notation.
Instructional Materials
PPT Presentation, Textbooks, LMS, Worksheets

A. Introduction

LESSON 1: SEQUENCES and SERIES

OBJECTIVES
a. Recall the different types of SEQUENCE
b. Generate the terms in a sequence by the given rule or functions.
c. Formulate the rule or function from the given sequence.
d. Solve for the sum of the sequences using the appropriate formula.

Instructional Materials
PPT Presentation, Textbooks, LMS, Worksheets, White board

A. INTRODUCTION

1. How is each term in this array of numbers; 2,7,12,17,22,… being generated?

2. What rule/pattern is being applied in obtaining each term?
3. What do you call an array of numbers that follows a certain rule or pattern?
4. How to get the sum of these terms?
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B. LESSON PROPER
Definition:
 A sequence or progression is a list of objects, events or numbers in a definite order of occurrence.
Each member of a sequence is called a term. A sequence is said to be finite if it contains finite
number of terms. An infinite sequence is one having infinite number of terms, thus, the last term
is not indicated.
Examples: The following represent a sequence:
a. 2, 4, 6, 8
b. 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, …
c. 1, 3, 9, 27, …

Sequence and series is one of the basic topics in Arithmetic. An itemized collection of elements in which
repetitions of any sort are allowed is known as a sequence, whereas series is the sum of all elements.
An arithmetic progression is one of the common examples of sequence and series.
In short, a sequence is a list of items/objects which have been arranged in a sequential way.

A series can be highly generalized as the sum of all the terms in a sequence. However, there has to be a definite
relationship between all the terms of the sequence.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
A. Generating missing terms from a sequence.

17, 20 40, 80
Arithmetic Sequence
Geometric Sequence

29, 35 25, 12.5

Arithmetic Sequence Geometric Sequence

B. Given a sequence function, give the first five terms in a sequence.

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ARITHMETICSEQUENCE

FINDING THE INDICATED TERM IN A SEQUENCE:

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GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
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FINDING THE NTH TERM OF GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

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Processing Question:
1. How is each term in the sequence being obtained?
In a geometric sequence each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a constant.
2. In arithmetic Sequence what do you call the constant number to be added to the preceeding
term?
It is called the common difference
3. In geometric sequence, what do you call that constant number to be multiplied in order to
obtain the succeeding term?
It is called the common ratio.

ACTIVITY #1:

Example :Generate the first 5 terms in the sequence through the given function.

a1 = 3 (41-1) + 1 = 3(40 ) + 1 = 4
a2 = 3 (42-1) + 1 = 3(41 ) + 1 = 13
a3 = 3 (43-1) + 1 = 3(42 ) + 1 = 49
a4 = 3 (44-1) + 1 = 3(43 ) + 1 = 193
a5 = 3 (45-1) + 1 = 3(44 ) + 1 = 769

So the first five terms described by the function an = 3 . 4n-1 + 1

4,13,49,193,769

a5 = 8 + 13(5) a4 = 8 + 13(4) 1 1 a5 = 25 + 5 a4 = 24 + 4
a 5= = a 5=
a5 = 8 + 65 a4 = 8+ 52 5+1 6 a5 = 32 + 5 a4 = 16+ 4
a5 = 73 a4 = 60 a3 1 1 a5 = 37 a4 = 20
a 4= = a 4=
= 8 + 13(3) a3 4+1 5 a3 = 23 + 3
= 8 + 39 a3= 1 1 a3= 8 + 3
a 3= = a 3=
47 a2 = 8 + 13(2) 3+ 1 4 a3= 11
a2 = 8 + 26 d = 13 1 1 a2 = 22 + 2
a 2= = a 2=
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Activity #2
Find the generating function for each of the following sequences by relating them back to
a sequence.
a f
f
a
b g
b

e
k h
c
h
i
d i
j
h.
c
i. e j
k
j.

k
C. WRAP UP / VALUES INTEGRATION
1. What are the different types of sequence?
Arithmetic and Geometric sequence.
2. How will you cite certain real-life examples about sequence? Have you found objects around
you that follows a certain pattern?
Example of a sequence in real life is the Pyramid of Giza, the blocks are constantly decreasing
as it goes up and constantly increasing as you look at the blocks starting from the top of the
pyramid.
3. In generating a sequence, a function or rule must be followed, how will you see yourself if you
strictly follow certain rules? What about in our society?
If we all strictly follow certain rules, our society would be disciplined and peaceful unless those
rules are bad for the society.

D. ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Directions: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Show your solution on the spaces
provided.
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10.Find the 7th term of the geometric sequence whose first term is 4 and whose common ratio is -3.

A. 2196 B. 2619 C. 2916 D. 9126

1. an = (-2)n-1 2. an= (-1)n-1 3. an= 2(3)n-1

a3= (-2)3-1 a2= (-1)2-1 a4= 2(3)4-1
a3=(-2)2 a2=(-1)1 a4=2(3)3
a3=4 a2= -1 a4= 2(27)
a4= 54

4. an= 3(2)n-1 1 n-1 1

5. an= (4) 6. an= (-4)n-1
a1= 3(2)2-1 4 2
a1=3(2)1 1 4-1 1
a4= (4) an= (-4)n-1
a1= 3(2) 4 2
a1= 6 1 1
a4= (4)3 an= (-4n-1)
4 2
1 1
a4= (64) an=- (-4n)
4 2
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CONGRATULATIONS!

It seems that you have mastered and applied the different skills needed in this
topic!

“That in all things, God may be Glorified.”