1 2. 3. Tuermax Conpuctiviry or Liquips Onuective; To study of heat transfer through liqu , Am: ‘ , ‘To determine the thermal conductivity of a liquid Intropuction: When a temperature gradient exists in a body, there is an energy transfer from the high temperature region to the low temperature region. Energy is transferred by conduction and heat transfer rate per unit area is proportional to the normal temperature gradient: $q4h . A AX When the proportionality constant is inserted, Where q is the heat transfer rate and AT/ AX is the temperature gradient in the direction of heat flow. The positive constant k is called thermal conductivity of the material. Tueory: For thermal conductivity of liquids using Fourier’s law, the heat flow through the liquid from hot fluid to cold fluid is the heat transfer through conductive fluid medium. Fourier’s equation: =k 15y GT) ‘Thermal conductivity of LiquidsFourler’s law for the caso of liquid. * At steady state, the average face.temperatures are recorded (Ty and T.) along with the rate of hent transfer (Q). Knowing, the heat transfer area (Ay) and the thickness of the sample (4X) across which the heat transfer takes place, the thermal conductivity of the sample can be calculated using Fourier's Law of heat conduction, G aT a4, 420 Qa kA, He 2 ky OS 5. Description: The apparatus consists of a heater. The heater heats a thin layer of liquid. A cooling plate removes heat through liquid layer, ensuring unidirectional heat flow. Temperature is measured across the liquid layer and complete assembly is properly insulated. A proper arrangement for changing the liquids is provided. The whole assembly is kept in a chamber. 6. Uriurries Requirep: Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220 VAC, 50 Hz, 5-15 amp socket with earth connection. 2. Water Supply: Continuous @ 2 LPM at 1 Bar. . Drain Required. 4, Bench Area Required: 1 mx 1 m. 7. EExperiMeNnTAL Procepure: Starting Procedure: 1. Connect continuous water supply to the inlet of water chamber. 2. Connect outlet of chamber to drain. 3, Ensure that Mains ON/OFF switch given on the panel is at OFF position & dimmer stat is at zero position. 4. Connect electric supply to the set up. Switch ON the Mains ON / OFF switch. Set the heater input by the dimmer stat, voltmeter in the range 40 to 100 V.7. After 1.5 hrs, note down tho reading of voltmeter, ampere meter and femperntuire sensors In the observation table after every 10 mntnutes Interval ttl observing. change in consecutive rendings of temportures (0,2 *O), Closing Procedure: After experiment ts over set tho dinimer atat to zero positon, Switch GFF the Mains ON/OFF awiteh, Switch OFF electric supply to the set up, Stop flow of water by closing the valve provided, 2 => Onservations & CALCULATIONS! DATA: ox = 0.018 m D = 0.165 m OBSERVATIONS TABLE: S.No. [| V TP n]n)r | | ts | % volts |amp| °c | ec. sc | "ec | °c | °C CALCULATIONS: Q=Vx1,W= = Win °C9. 12. NoMENCLATURE A = Heat transfer area, m? D = _Effective diameter of plate, m K = _ Thermal conductivity of liquid, W/m °C Q = Heat supplied by heater, W To Hot face average temperature, °c Te = Cold face average temperature, °C T1,T2,Ts= Temperatures on the hot side, °C Ts,Ts,Te= | Temperntures on the cold side, °C. AX = Thickness of liquid, m Precautions & Maintenance Instructions: 1, Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 180 volts and above than 230volts. Never switch on mains power supply before ensuring that all the ON/OFF switches given on the panel are at OFF position, 3. Operator selector switch OFF temperature indicator gently. 4, Always keep the apparatus free from dust. ‘TROUBLESHOOTING: 1. Ifelectric panel is not showing input on the mains light, check the main supply. 2. If voltmeter showing the voltage given to heater but ampere meter does not, check the connection of heater in control panel. REFERENCES: 1, “Heat & Mass Transfer”, McGraw Hill, ND, 2008, Page 17-19. raw Hill, ND, 2007, Page 6-9 1. Y.A.Cenge! i “Process Heat Transfer”, 16" ed., McG 2. Kem, D.Q.,&) ugaowcerFeINEL topo came wextek —— re oviter LOUDCHAMEER 4eomm, YECHTIONM x 1