(Research) - Impact of Crime Prevention Policies

Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPR
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Lucena City Document Title: Graduate Research Proposal Form
An Autonomous University Page No.: Page 1 of 45
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Effectivity Date: March 2018
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
Reviewed by: QMR
QUALITY FORM Approved by: President
Impact of Crime Prevention Policies/Programs to the Rates of Crime Incidence in a

Barangay in Lucena City
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology
by
Ronald I. Dinglasan
Jeffrey J. Jabola
John Christian P. Monterverde
May 2022
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UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORM
Research Title: Impact of Crime Prevention Policies/Programs to the Rates of

Crime Incidence in a Barangay in Lucena City
Name of ResearcherS : Dinglasan, Ronald I.

Jabola, Jeffrey J.
Monteverde, Kristian P.
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Researcher's Contact Details :
Name of Research Adviser : Prof. Jahzeel A. Sarmiento, MAEd
Research Proposal
1. Abstract of the Proposal
Various social problems and concerns are faced by our contemporary society. One of
these problems is criminality. Law enforcement agencies have formulated crime prevention
programs in order to deal with this social problem. Crime prevention is any initiative or policy
which reduces or eliminates the aggregate level of victimization or the risk of individual criminal
participation. It includes government and community based programs to reduce the incidents of
risk factors correlated with criminal participation, the rate of victimization as well as efforts to
reduce perceptions or fear of crime. This research study was about the “Impact of Crime
Prevention Policies/Programs to the Rates of Crime Incidence in a Barangay in Lucena City”.
The respondents were 100 persons who lived at Brgy. Mayao Parada in Lucena City, Quezon.
Descriptive method with application of survey will be utilized in this study and non-random
sampling will be used in the study. Questionnaire and Opionnaire were prepared in seeking
answers to the researchers’ problem.

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This study dealt with the effectiveness of crime prevention programs in the City of
Lucena, Quezon in the Philippines. This study wants to know the perception of the Public
towards the Law Enforcers. In line with this, the researchers want to know the effects of this on
the community relation. The methods that will be used in order to process the data were
frequency, percentage and weighted mean method. The first part of the questionnaire will apply
the percentage method to compare the proportions of the frequency of the response to the total
number of the responses.
The questionnaire will be divided into 5 sections: demographic characteristics, level of
quality in executing the Law Enforcing Action in a Community in terms of performance and
service, level of perception of the respondents towards the performance and services rendered
by the Law Enforcement in a Community, level of relation of the respondents towards the Law
Enforcers in a community, and effects of the respondents’ perception towards the relationship of
Law Enforcement in the community.
2. Background of the Study
Causes of crime were studied way back numerous centuries ago, hoping to end this
socially dangerous phenomenon. Those studies and curiosities led to law and policymaking by
the government's different agencies from ancient up to the present time, around the world.
In ancient times, the conjoint response to criminality was revenge or retribution—the
victim or the victim's family would do precisely what they felt to be an appropriate response to
the crime committed against them. However, as time goes by, many scholars propose that a
more humane way of punishing crime is way better for handling delinquencies, as it favors both
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accuses and victims. They also believe that punishment can be an essential factor in averting
future criminals.
The Philippine National Police indicates that the decrease in crime volume is
attributable to the PNP's crime prevention programs. Specifically, the PNP has reportedly
increased police visibility, made use of foot patrol officers, established checkpoints, and
deployed motorcycle police. The police are the first line of defense against crime. It has been
concluded that crime will be reduced if the number of authority will be increased (Crime
Statistics, 2019). There are many ways of curbing, if not totally eliminating crime. The main
solution is to increase police presence and visibility especially in crime hot spots. Increasing the
police population should also mean producing more quality graduates from the police academy
who shall maintain peace and order and ensure public safety and internal security.
Strengthening PNP accountability mechanisms should also ensure good conduct among the
ranks of policemen. Finally, the cooperation of local government units and civil society groups is
also a key in eliminating crime through the implementation of community programs such as the
improvement of street lighting to reduce the prevalence and incidence of crime in dark alleys
and roads, conduct of awareness seminars, and promoting crime prevention by way of
developing neighborhood watch programs.
According to Patalinghug (2017) on his Implemented Crime Prevention Strategies of
PNP in Salug Valley, Zamboanga Del Sur, Philippines, Crime prevention strategies adopted by
the police forces in Salug Valley Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines was much effective in
reducing the crime rate in the area, wherein the Integrated Area Community Public Safety
Process, obtained the highest level of effectiveness among the researcher's indicators—Police
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Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peace Keeping Operation, Anti-Criminality Operations,
Bantay Turista and School Safety Project. The crime committed in the area would have been
very high if the PNP did not implement these strategies to reduce crime in the four municipalities
of Salug Valley. Younger personnel of the PNP are active and vigorous in their campaign
against criminality. The PNP of Salug Valley's crime prevention strategies is useful to minimize
the crime rate that helped the community drive for peace and order. The partnership of the PNP
and the community is the best way to solve criminality.
Purpose of the Research
The purpose of this study is to know the impact of crime prevention policies/programs to
the rates of crime incidence in a barangay in lucena city.
Specifically, this study has the following objectives:
1. To determine the efficacy of existing crime prevention policies/ programs to the rates
incidence in a barangay in Lucena City;
2. To determine the level of perception of the respondents towards the impacts of crime
prevention policies/programs to the rates incidence in a barangay in Lucena City;
3. To determine the level of relatedness of the respondents towards the impacts of crime
prevention policies/programs to the rates incidence in a barangay in Lucena City.
Theoretical Framework
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In this portion, the researchers cited theories that are related to the study. It emphasizes
how the theories of the different philosophers and intellectuals support the subject of the
research.
This study recognizes the theory of Thomas Hobbes, according to Open Book
Publishing, Social Contract Theory is a descriptive theory about society and the relationship
between rules and laws, and why society needs them. Thomas Hobbes proposed that a society
without rules and laws to govern our actions would be a dreadful place to live. Hobbes
described a society without rules as living in a “state of nature”. In such a state, people would
act on their own accord, without any responsibility to their community. A society, in Hobbes’
state of nature, is an example that at times is observed when a society is plunged into chaos
due a catastrophic event.
The above discussion shows that the Law enforcers regulate peace and order in a
community. Of course, they follow the law which gives the common good for the people. In this
study, community relation has been tackled, knowing the effects in connection with the law
enforcers. With that, the Social contract theory suits for this study because these are both about
the relationship of the community with the rules that is the counterpart of the law enforcer. The
study aims to know the perception of the public to law enforcers and its effects to their
community relation.
Another theory that supports this study is the Social Control Theory. Jessica Schubert
said that Social control theory was developed by Travis Hirschi in 1969. It's also known as the
social bond theory. Under the social control theory, individuals break the law due to a
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breakdown with their societal bond. Moreover, Hirschi refers to four elements which constitute
the societal bond. These bonds include: Attachment to other individuals, Commitment to
following rules, Involvement by typical social behaviors and Belief - a basic value system.
This theory is connected to this study, in terms of having community relation. The more
that community relation is strengthened, the common good will strongly manifest in the
community. There should be a need of strong commitment between law enforcers and people
so that community relation will happen.
According to Castillo, R. V. & Guevarro, B. B. (2013), the Home Rule Theory, consider
policeman as servants of the community for the effectiveness of this theory. Policeman is civil
employees whose primary duty is the preservation of the public peace and security. This is
practical in England and in United States of America where the governmental structure is
decentralized in pattern. This theory suits our study because it is about the role of Police that
may affect the public perception and it is also focusing on community relations.
Significance of the Research
This study wants to know the perception of the Public towards the Crime Prevention
Policies/Programs. In line with this, the researchers want to know the effects of this on the
incidence in the barangay in Lucena City.
For the Barangay Law Enforcers, this study aims them to be aware on what the people
perceives about their functions and services. This will enable them to comprehend and comply
with their duties. Of course, being a law enforcer, they need to accommodate the problems of
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the community and issues towards them. Further, this study will give insights to law enforcers
how to address the problem and issues that they are involved.
For the criminology students, they will be aware about the perceptions and opinions
about law enforcers that will help them realize what is about to happen as they enter the work
related to their course. This study will serve as a basis on having their decisions in terms of
pursuing college.
For the Community, the relationship of the people and with the law enforcers will be
strengthened. Nowadays, some people doubt with the law enforcers they tend to see only the
bad side but slightly see the good side. This study will serve as an eye opener on how Law
Enforcer is beneficial. This will turn bad impression into something better.
For the future researchers and the incoming researchers, the study will be used as guide
and useful reference to them who would make related study.
Theoretical Framework
In this portion, the researchers cited theories that are related to the study. It emphasizes
how the theories of the different philosophers and intellectuals support the subject of the
research.
This study recognizes the theory of Thomas Hobbes, according to Open Book
Publishing, Social Contract Theory is a descriptive theory about society and the relationship
between rules and laws, and why society needs them. Thomas Hobbes proposed that a society
without rules and laws to govern our actions would be a dreadful place to live. Hobbes
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
described a society without rules as living in a “state of nature”. In such a state, people would
act on their own accord, without any responsibility to their community. A society, in Hobbes’
state of nature, is an example that at times is observed when a society is plunged into chaos
due a catastrophic event.
The above discussion shows that the Law enforcers regulate peace and order in a
community. Of course, they follow the law which gives the common good for the people. In this
study, community relation has been tackled, knowing the effects in connection with the law
enforcers. With that, the Social contract theory suits for this study because these are both about
the relationship of the community with the rules that is the counterpart of the law enforcer. The
study aims to know the perception of the public to law enforcers and its effects to their
community relation.
Another theory that supports this study is the Social Control Theory. Jessica Schubert
said that Social control theory was developed by Travis Hirschi in 1969. It's also known as the
social bond theory. Under the social control theory, individuals break the law due to a
breakdown with their societal bond. Moreover, Hirschi refers to four elements which constitute
the societal bond. These bonds include: Attachment to other individuals, Commitment to
following rules, Involvement by typical social behaviors and Belief - a basic value system.
This theory is connected to this study, in terms of having community relation. The more
that community relation is strengthened, the common good will strongly manifest in the
community. There should be a need of strong commitment between law enforcers and people
so that community relation will happen.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
According to Castillo, R. V. & Guevarro, B. B. (2013), the Home Rule Theory, consider
policeman as servants of the community for the effectiveness of this theory. Policeman is civil
employees whose primary duty is the preservation of the public peace and security. This is
practical in England and in United States of America where the governmental structure is
decentralized in pattern. This theory suits our study because it is about the role of Police that
may affect the public perception and it is also focusing on community relations.
Literature Survey
The following reviewed of literature were gathered from different books and on online
sources, discussing about the law enforcers functions, ethic and values and public perception.
The importance of each in the community, the advantages and disadvantages of each to the
community. Cooperation of the community towards preventing crime in the selected Barangay in
Lucena City.
Role of Barangay Police in Modern times
According to January Jose B. Aydan (2021) Barangay enforcers are in the vanguard of
the effort to maintain peace and order in every barangay in the country. The patrol force is
considered the core of the police departments in any community. Its existence lessens the
necessity for organizing specialized operating units because these patrol forces directly deal
with society. Police executives and local officials are cognizant that the patrol force is the most
important element of the police department. In relation to this, the barangay enforcers are force
multipliers of the Philippine National Police, with the fundamental duty of patrolling and
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responding to incidents within their Area of Responsibility (AOR). This is true because the
characteristics of community policing are common among jurisdictions.
Barangay Police Role and Developing Community Resources
Since barangay enforcers are in charge of maintaining peace and order in each
barangay, it cannot be disputed that they face and overcome problems in carrying out their
duties and obligations. Barangay elected officials seek seminars and training from government
agencies, state universities and colleges (SUCs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and
other sectors that may provide seminars and training to maintain and improve the performance
of their barangay enforcers in their roles as peacekeepers.
Problem with the Law Enforcement Image
Throughout the centuries people in law enforcement have encountered common
problems. People created rules and regulations (laws) to act as guidelines on how to conduct
oneself in a manner which the majority of the population considers "normal" behavior. Since the
first law was written, the law enforcement community, local as well as federal, is confronted with
a litany of allegations that officers have violated the public's trust, engaged in criminal acts,
abused their authority, violated citizens' civil rights, used excessive force, been disrespectful
and arrogant, "doctored" evidence and generally lost credibility with the communities they
serve.
Low legitimacy and lack of trust limit state capacity in providing public goods and
services. This problem is particularly pertinent to policing, where officers need information about
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what is happening in the community to provide services effectively and efficiently. Citizens give
the police information about which problems are most pressing, the location of crime hotspots,
concerns about suspicious people or activities, and reports of crimes that have occurred. The
police use this information to allocate their limited resources to prevent crime and ensure public
safety. When citizens don't trust the police, this whole mechanism gets crushed.
Collaboration between the police and the community ( a.k.a. community policing) may
increase citizen trust and enhance police ability to enforce the law, particularly in contexts in
which the state's legitimacy is challenged. However, few studies have explored the effects of
these types of interventions on trust and crime indicators. (Community Participation in Crime,
2017- 2018)
Public views vs. Barangay Police Views
According to Morin, Parker, Stepler, & Mercer (2017), Police and the public hold
sharply different views about key aspects of policing as well as on some major policy issues
facing the country. For example, most police say more officers are needed to adequately patrol
their communities, while the majority of the public doesn’t think more officers are necessary. A
majority of officers oppose a ban on assault-style weapons, while a majority of the public favors
a ban on these weapons. More than eight-in-ten police say people don’t understand the risks
and rewards of police work well, while an equally large majority of the public says they do.
An even larger disparity between police-public views emerges over the enforcement role
of police. Only 8% of officers say they mainly see themselves as enforcers – the long arm of the
law – yet fully three times the share of the public (29%) see their local police that way.
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The public and officers agree that recent deaths of blacks during incidents with police
and the protests they have sparked have added to the challenges of police work. More than
eight-in-ten officers (86%) say their job is harder now as a result of the protests. At the same
time, seven-in-ten Americans believe police work has become more dangerous in the past five
years.
The Importance of Community Relation
The relationship between police and citizens in a community drastically affects the
effectiveness of law enforcement (Muscato, 2003). This community is a nice place to live, and
as far as communities go, it’s pretty average. Average income, average levels of education,
average amount of crime. But, this community has big problem. The citizens of the community
and the police don’t get along at all. The people don’t trust the police to be fair and impartial,
and the police feel threatened by the citizens.
On July 10, 2015, the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) hosted a national
meeting of police and community leaders, from around the nation, for a day-long discussion of
strategies for building trust between the police and community. These community leaders
offered guidance about several ways in which police can demonstrate an understanding of
issues so as to build trust. Following are some key issues and recommendations that were
identified during the meeting, along with other promising practices, that can be used to help
police departments and their communities to develop collaborative strategies for moving
forward. The following are: Acknowledge and discuss with your communities the challenges
you are facing. Second, be transparent and accountable. Third, take steps to reduce bias and
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improve cultural competency. Fourth, maintain focus on the importance of collaboration, and be
visible in the community. Lastly, promote internal diversity and ensure professional growth
opportunities
Law Enforcement Oriented Values
The Tanod Brigades or Barangay Police play an exceptional role in the barangays. They
have a variety of functions related to maintaining peace and order in their respective
communities. They are front liners in the preparation and response to any type of atrocities,
public disorders, emergencies and even disasters or man-made calamities that threaten peace
and order and public safety.
Barangay enforcers are in the vanguard of the effort to maintain peace and order in
every barangay in the country (Sumad-On, 2020).
Community-Oriented Values
Aydinan (2021) stated that in the Philippine setting, Barangays serve as the smallest
administrative region, governed by one leader: the Barangay Chairman (according to the
law)/Barangay Chairperson (GAD Advocates)/Barangay Captain (street term). The Punong
Barangay (Barangay Chairperson) plays a vital role in preparing and executing government
policies, initiatives, and services for the citizens. The Barangay Captain serves as the
administrator of one barangay. With the help of barangay councilors, his primary duty is to
control the peace, order, and security of his or her area of jurisdiction. However, such a position
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is still a tremendously heavy obligation to be carried by the shoulder of only one person. This is
because of the considerable number of families within the barangay and the vastness of its
territory. To make the performance of such obligation more efficient, the Barangay Captain has
the power to appoint barangay police officers or “barangay tanods” to screen the peripheries of
“puroks” or zones of the entire barangay and to extend the barangay services, particularly in
maintaining peace, security, and order, through crime responding, patrolling, and hazard
identification.
The patrol force is considered the core of the police departments in any community. Its
existence lessens the necessity for organizing specialized operating units because these patrol
forces directly deal with society. Police executives and local officials are cognizant that the
patrol force is the most important element of the police department. In relation to this, the
barangay enforcers are force multipliers of the Philippine National Police, with the fundamental
duty of patrolling and responding to incidents within their Area of Responsibility (AOR). This is
true because the characteristics of community policing are common among jurisdictions.
Examples of these are the involvement of the community in the performance of police jobs; the
relevant assignment of police officers to a neighborhood to develop better relationships; the
setting of police goals based on real needs and desires―proper application of the above would
encourage an organized and peaceful society, and barangay enforcers contribute to it.
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Significance of the Research
This study wants to know the perception of the Public towards the Law Enforcers. In line
with this, the researchers want to know the effects of this on the community relation.
For the Law Enforcers, this study aims them to be aware on what the people perceives
about their functions and services. This will enable them to comprehend and comply with their
duties. Of course, being a law enforcer, they need to accommodate the problems of the
community and issues towards them. Further, this study will give insights to law enforcers how
to address the problem and issues that they are involved.
For the criminology students, they will be aware about the perceptions and opinions
about law enforcers that will help them realize what is about to happen as they enter the work
related to their course. This study will serve as a basis on having their decisions in terms of
pursuing college.
For the Community, the relationship of the people and with the law enforcers will be
strengthened. Nowadays, some people doubt with the law enforcers they tend to see only the
bad side but slightly see the good side. This study will serve as an eye opener on how Law
Enforcer is beneficial. This will turn bad impression into something better.
For the future researchers and the incoming researchers, the study will be used as guide
and useful reference to them who would make related study.
Definition of Terms
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This part defines the terms that are frequently used in this study. This was done for the
readers to easily comprehend the message and avoid misinterpretation of terms. The following
terms are defined operationally and literally:
Barangay/ community a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific
locality, share government, and often had a common cultural and historical heritage.
Barangay Police Community Relations are complicated and constantly changing
interactions between representatives of the police organization and an assortment of
governmental agencies, public groups, and private individuals representing a wide range of
competing and often conflicting interests.
Community Relation is the relationship that a company, organization, etc. has with the
people who live in the area in which it operates.
Crimes In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other
authority. The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally
accepted definition, though statutory reports have been provided for specific purposes.
Law Enforcers or the Law Enforcement is the department of people who enforce laws,
investigate crimes, and make arrest.
Public Perception refers to the conscious understanding that people have of public and
official issues. There may be a basic disparity between the factual truth and their virtual truth
influenced by the public opinion and the mass media.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

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This part of the study is set to create boundaries and parameters for the researchers in
order to prevent vagueness and opacity of the study and to establish proper criterion to be
followed so that clear and concrete answers to the main problem and sub-problem could be
derived. The researchers also identified in this part of the research that they will encounter
several hindrances along the way of conducting this study.
This research study was about the “Impact of Crime Prevention Policies/Programs to the
Rates of Crime Incidence in a Barangay in Lucena City”. The respondents were 100 persons
who lived at Brgy. Mayao Parada in Lucena City, Quezon. Descriptive method with application
of survey will be utilized in this study and non-random sampling will be used in the study.
Questionnaire and Opionnaire were prepared in seeking answers to the researchers’ problem.
Furthermore, it was only limited to public perception towards the law enforcers and it
does not cover other aspect of barangay police operations. It only sought to provide the effects
of public perception to the community relation of law enforcers and did not include other aspects
of barangay police services. In this manner, the researchers will be able to gather the data
about law enforcer’s performance in service that could affect their community relations based on
public perceptions.
Statement of Desired Outcomes
This study will give an awareness to the Law Enforcers on the Public Perception towards
them, strengthened the relationship of the Community to the Law Enforcers, provide the effects
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on having the public perception on the Law Enforcers as a profession, use this study to make an
impact to the students who will take Criminology and Law Enforcement Course and remove the
stigma of having bad impressions to the law enforcers. This study will strengthen the relation of
the community to the law enforcers. Furthermore, the future researcher can use this research as
a related study.
3. Description of Method or Approach
Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering Procedures
The researchers employed descriptive method for their study because for them it was
utilized to discover relative and new facts or meaning that involves adequate and accurate
interpretation of findings. Also, to identify the current issues through a process of data collection
that enables them to describe the perceptions of the public towards the law enforcers and how it
affects their community relations. It can help to better define and measure the significance of a
phenomenon about a group of respondents and the population they represent. The study
employed quantitative approach that is focused on obtaining numerical findings. It gathers
quantifiable information that can be used for statistical inference on the target audience
through data analysis.
Descriptive research describes a certain present condition. Relatively, the method is
appropriate to this study since it aims to determine the public perception towards law enforcers
and its effects to community relation. The researchers conducted a survey and along with this
survey were some questions for the chosen respondents that would best help the researcher to
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go deeper to her study and eventually arrive to the answer. The survey is appropriate in this
study because it enables the researcher in formulation of generalizations.
The researchers will prepare Questionnaire-Opionnaire as the main data-gathering
instrument for this study. The researchers will conduct a survey on the respondent’s
demographic characteristics and all the responses were coded and entered as categorical data.
It sought to get information and provides data about the respondents which might affect their
community relation towards the law enforcers. The researchers will also seek some help from
the respondents by means of the questionnaire to gather most information that were needed in
the research study. It will consists of an organized list of questions to elicit information which is
filled in by all the respondents and oral interview will be utilized to consider the respondent’s
state.
The questionnaire will be divided into 5 sections: demographic characteristics, level of
quality in executing the Law Enforcing Action in a Community in terms of performance and
service, level of perception of the respondents towards the performance and services rendered
by the Law Enforcement in a Community, level of relation of the respondents towards the Law
Enforcers in a community, and effects of the respondents’ perception towards the relationship of
Law Enforcement in the community.
The questions will be structured using the Likert scale format. In this type, four choices are
provided for every question or statement. The choices represent the degree of agreement each
respondent has on the given question. The Likert survey will be the selected questionnaire type
as this will enable the respondents to answer the survey easily and for the researcher to carry
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out the approach effectively with the use of statistics for the data presentation, analysis and
interpretation.
Data gathering is a systematic approach to gather information from a variety of sources
to get a complete and accurate result for the study. All decisions are related to the planning of
the data gathering procedures before it is actually collected. The researcher gathered data
through the following procedures. The researcher had a library work and research for the
questions to be utilized on her survey and questionnaire. Next, the researcher submitted the
questionnaire to their research adviser for validity and reliability. Having found the research
instrument valid and reliable, the researcher proceeds to ask permission to the research adviser
and to the Dean of the College of Criminology to allow the researcher to conduct a survey.
Upon approved, the researcher administers the research instrument to the respondents
of the study. In the administering of the questionnaire, the researcher will use the time allotted
for dull time to avoid distractions. The publics’ responses will be given enough time to answer
the questions. They will be requested to answer the questionnaire provided by the researcher.
All appropriately fulfilled questionnaires will be retrieved, prepared, organized, and compiled for
analysis of data.
Respondents/ Subjects of the Study
The respondents are from Brgy. Mayao Parada in Lucena City. A total population of 100
persons will ask to participate in the research. The respondents were selected through non-
random sampling. It is often used for speed and convenience, and also it does not
involve random selection. The researchers assured the 100% confidentiality of the research

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survey and responses of the respondents were maintained kept and purely use for the data
needed of the study. The researcher did not know the identity of the participants in the study.
The best protection for people in the study is anonymity. Anonymity is also a useful safeguard in
questionnaire and public opinion research. It is best for the researcher to maintain as much
confidentiality as possible because it is difficult to predict how people's answers might be
interpreted or used by others. To ensure 100% confidentiality of the respondents, the
researchers removed identifying information, such as names, addresses, and other personal
data that is not needed in the study.
Sampling Design and Procedures
The non-random sampling is suitable in this study since respondents are usually
selected on the basis of their accessibility. Also, it is a sampling technique where the samples
are gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances
of being selected but for the researcher, it is not considered to be a weakness hence,
subjectivity occurs.
In order to conduct this sampling technique, the researcher defined the population first.
The researchers chose to examine the entire population and chose respondents based on their
accessibility.
Data Analysis Plan
The methods that will be used in order to process the data were frequency, percentage
and weighted mean method. The first part of the questionnaire will apply the percentage method
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to compare the proportions of the frequency of the response to the total number of the
responses.
f
P= × 100
N
Wherein: P = Percentage
f = Frequency
N = Total number of respondent
For the second part of the questionnaire, the method that used was the weighted mean
wherein the formula is:
M = TWV
N
Wherein: M = Mean
TWV = Total weighted value
N- Total number of respondents
The scales used for the study are as follows:
4 – Strongly Agree
3 – Agree
2 – Disagree
1 – Strongly Disagree
Conceptual Framework
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The schematic diagram below exhibited the relationships among the major variables of
the study. The researcher used an Input-Process-Output (IPO) that would further elaborate the
relationships and would facilitate better understanding of the undertaken study.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. To determine the level of

perception of the
respondents towards the
impacts of crime prevention
policies/programs to the rates A proposed
incidence in a Barangay in
The level of quality plan of
Lucena City.
of existing crime activities on the
prevention policies/ 2. To determine the level of
relation of the respondents positive
programs to the relationship
rates incidence in a towards the impacts of crime
prevention policies/programs between the
Barangay in crime prevention
Lucena City. to the rates incidence in a
barangay in Lucena City. policies/
a. Performance of programs to the
Function. 3. To determine the effects of rates incidence in
the respondents’ perception the Barangay in
b. Service Delivery. towards the relationship of Lucena City.
crime prevention
policies/programs to the rates
incidence in a Barangay in
Lucena City.
Figure 1. Research Paradigm
The Figure 1 shows that the conceptual paradigm of the public perception towards
barangay law enforcers and its effects to community relations. The figure above shows the
public perception towards law enforcers as input. Questionnaire and opinionnaire were used in
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order to measure the respondents’ demographic characteristics, public perception, and the
impact of public perception towards crimes prevention policies/programs to the rates incidence
in the Barangay in Lucena City relations. After analyzing and interpreting the data gathered, the
researcher would determine the output of the study which is the effects in community relations
of public perception towards crimes prevention policies/programs to the rates incidence in the
Barangay in Lucena City.

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References
The sources of the meaning of the words from the definition of terms and some of the
theories were retrieved from the books and online sources:
Barker, T., Hunter, R., & Mayhall, P. (2012). Police Community Relations and the administration
of Justice. Quezon City: Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc.
Bautista, F. & Guevara R. (2013). Philippine Law Enforcement Administration. Quezon City:
Wiseman’s books Trading Inc.
Castillo, R. & Guererro, B. (2013). Police organization and administration with Police
operational Planning. Makati city: Katha publishing Inc.
Dela Cruz, S. (2016). Law Enforcement Values, Ethics and Community. Mandaluyong City:
Realations.books atbp. Publishing Corp.
Florendo, A. (2008). Police Ethics and Community Realtions. Quezon City: Wiseman’s Books
Trading
Andrade, J. I. & Gascon, M. (2018). Inquirer.net. Retrieved from
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/988352/pnp-admits-4251-killed-in-war-on-drugs
MegaEssay.com. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/10603.html
Morin, Parker, Stepler, & Mercer (2017). Pew Research Server. Retrieved from
http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2017/01/11/police-views-public-views/
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Schubert, J. (2018). Study.com. Retrieved from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/social-
control-definition-theory-examples.html
Open Textbook Publishing (2018). Retrieved from:
https://opentextbc.ca/ethicsinlawenforcement/chapter/2-9-social-contract-theory/
IV. Research Governance and Ethics
Please describe how you will ensure that the The researcher will ensure the activity of
activity will be carried out to the highest conducting research in following the stage by
standards of ethics and research integrity. stage. Letter to the person involve from this
research such the respondents, research adviser
and school. And the validity of research before
conducting the survey and basis to justify the
conduct of the research.
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Please describe how potential ethical health The researcher will secure the data privacy act
and safety issues arising as part of this which the person involve in the research and the
research have been considered and how permission or acknowledgement to the
they will be addressed. respondents and the authority.
Will the proposed research involve research Human participation are only involve in the said
on animals, human participants, human research.
tissue or patient/participant data?
Has the proposed research been reviewed Yes, we seek the guidance of our research
by the research ethics committee of the adviser.
institution?
V. Expected Outputs and Deliverables (This refers to the products of the research which
would contribute and increase the stock of knowledge.)
The expected output of this research is to raise the awareness of the barangay regarding the
importance of having policies and programs that help to prevent the crimes and incidence. The
researcher will conduct a campaign awareness in the form of symposium to the selected
people of the barangay and to enhance the skills of the barangay tanod in terms of law
enforcement.
VI. Target Beneficiaries of Research Results: (who and how many are the direct / indirect
beneficiaries of the study, what are the benefits that are likely to accrue in the short or long
term)
Target Beneficiaries Total

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Barangay officials 12
Barangay tanod 24
Residence 100
VII. Dissemination Plan: (what is the plan for sharing / communicating research results to
different stakeholders / possible beneficiaries; please mention specific activities)
Activities Strategy
1.Presentation Ask permission to the authority and inform

them the purpose and benefits of the research
to be conduct.
2. Symposium Proceed to the invitation of resource speaker

and conduct symposium to inform the
residence of the barangay regarding the
policies and program conducted.
3.
VIII. Activities
Activities Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Abstract X X
Rationale of the Research X X

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Purpose of the Research x x
Literature Survey x x
Research methodology x x
5. Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher
Description of the competence, qualifications and experience of the researcher
6. Research Instruments
Name: Dinglasan, Ronald, Jabola, Jeffrey and Monteverde, Kristian
Research Title: Impact of Crime Prevention Policies/Programs to the Rates of Crime

Incidence in a Barangay in Lucena City
I. Demographic Profile
Panuto. Lagyan ng tsek (✓) ang kaukulang saklong ayon sa iyong kasagutan.
Edad ( ) 21-25 taong gulang ( ) 31-55 taong gulang pataas
( ) 26-30 taong gulang ( ) 56-60 taong gulang pataas
Kasarian ( ) Babae ( ) Lalaki
Katayuang Sibil
( ) Dalaga/ Binata ( ) Hiwalay

( ) May- asawa
Antas ng Pag-aaral
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( ) Di-nakapagtapos ng Elementarya
( ) Tapos ng Elementarya
( ) Di-nakapagtapos ng Sekundarya
( ) Tapos ng Sekundarya
( ) Di-nakapagtapos ng Kolehiyo
( ) Tapos ng Kolehiyo
( ) Teknikal/Bokasyonal
___________ at iba pa
II. Ang katangian ng tagapagpatupad ng batas sa isang komunidad.
4 – Lubos na Sumasang-ayon
3 – Sumasang-ayon
2 – Hindi Sumasang-ayon
1 – Lubos na hindi Sumasang-ayon
PAHAYAG 4 3 2 1
1. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay gumagawa ng mga pag-aresto ng
may sapat na dahilan. (Law enforcers are making arrests by determining the
existence of probable cause and identifying suspects and taking them into
physical custody.)
2. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay napapanatili ang kaayusan sa
pamamagitan ng pagtatangkang pigilan ang mga aktibidad na may

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kinalaman sa krimen. (Law enforcers are deterring crime by attempting to
prevent the occurrence of crime-related activities.)
3. Ang mga nagpapatupad ng batas ay nangongolekta at pinananatili ang
lahat ng ebidensya. (Law enforcers are collecting and preserving evidence
by acquiring and protecting all evidence.)
4. Ang tagapagpatupad ng batas ay nagiimbistiga sa pamamagitan ng
pagtatanong sa posibleng mga paglabag sa batas, pagkuha ng tamang
impormasyon, at pag-aaral ng mga katibayan. (Law Enforcers are
investigating by inquiring into possible law violations, obtaining factual
information, and analyzing verbal and physical evidence.)
5. Natutukoy ng mga nagpapatupad ng batas ang pagkakaroon ng aktwal na
problema o mga sitwasyon na may kaugnayan sa krimen. (Law enforcers
can determine the existence of actual potential troublesome or crime-related
situations.)
6. Ang mga opisyal ng barangay ay nagagampanan ang tungkulin sa kabila
ng maraming mga hadlang na nakapaligid sa kaso. (The barangay police
officers preserve or stick to the task in spite of the many obstacles which
surrounds the case.)

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7. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay nagpapanatili ng seguridad at
kaligtasan. (Law enforcers are maintaining security and safety.)
8. Ang mga nagpapatupad ng batas ay nagpapasimula at tumutugon sa mga
pangangailangan ng publiko. (Law enforcers are initiating public service
activities and responding to requests for information and assistance.)
9. Ang mga imbestigador ng barangay tanod ay may kaalaman sa bagong
pamamaraan at pang-agham na pagsisiyasat. (The barangay police
investigators are updated with the new methods and scientific approach of
investigation.)
10. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay nakapagiimbistiga sa tao,
sasakyan, pribadong lugar upang mapatunayan kung may ilegal na gawain.
(Law enforcers can search persons, vehicles, premises, or areas to
determine the presence of individuals or illegal activities or articles.)
III. Pag-unawa ng publiko sa mga tagapag-patupad ng batas
3 – Sumasang-ayon
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PAHAYAG 4 3 2 1
1. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay tapat sa kanilang serbisyo. (Law
enforcers are loyal to the service which he belong and he is proud of.)
2. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay maunawain at nagpapakita ng
konsedirasyon sa paghihirap ng ibang tao. (They are sympathetic and
displayed the ability to feel the suffering of other people.)
3. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay may tiwala sa kanyang kakayahang
malaman ang trabaho at gawin ito ng mabuti. (They are confident in his
ability to know the job and do it well.)
4. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay magalang sa mga mamayan ng
komunidad. (They are courteous to the community.)
5. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay may lakas ng loob upang harapin
ang panganib. (They have strength in facing the danger.)
6. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay matatag at matapang na
humaharap sa mga mamamayan ng komunidad. (They are firm and
unyielding.)
7. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay pinananatili ang kanilang saloobin
ng masigasig, may dedikasyon, at pagpapahalaga sa kanilang tungkulin.

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(They maintain the attitude of enthusiasm, dedication, zeal and price in his
work.)
8. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay umaaksyon ng tama sa lahat ng
mga kaso. (They are disposed of and act on all cases correctly.)
9. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay nagpapakita ng matibay na
paniniwala sa kanyang ginagawang tungkulin. (They demonstrate strong
faith in what he is doing.)
10. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay may maayos na pakikitungo sa
mga mamamayan ng komunidad. (They are tactful in his dealing with people
of the community.)
IV. Ugnayan ng publiko sa tagpagpatupad ng batas sa komunidad.
3 – Sumasang-ayon
– Hindi Sumasang-ayon
PAHAYAG 4 3 2 1
1. Ang mga tauhan ng Barangay Tanod ay may pakikipagtulungan sa mga
indibidwal at organisasyon sa komunidad. (Barangay Police personnel have

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a collaborate partnership with individuals and organizations in the
community.)
2. Pinananatili ng mga barangay tanod ang isang mabuting pakikipag-
ugnayan. (Barangay police officers maintain a good working relationship,
respect, and sensitivity with the common people.)
3. Ang pagkakaroon ng barangay tanod sa lokal na lugar ay nakakatulong na
mabawasan ang mga krimen. (The presence of the police in the local area
helps reduce the crimes.)
4. Ang mga barangay tanod ay nag-uulat sa mga awtoridad ng barangay
tungkol sa kaduda-dudang mga tao sa komunidad. (The police officers report
to barangay authorities the movement of questionable people in the
community.)
5. Lumilikha ang Barangay tanod ng mga programa na kapaki-pakinabang sa
komunidad na mabawasan at malutas ang mga problema at may kaugnayan
sa krimen. (Barangay Poice creates programs activities that are useful to the
community to reduced and solve crime and crime-related problems.)
6. Ang karamihan sa mga barangay tanod ay laging nakikita sa komunidad.
(The barangay police officers are most of the time visible in the community.)
7. Tinatrato ng mga barangay tanod ang mga tao ng may paggalang at
pagmamalasakit.
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(The police treat people with respect and sensitivity.)
8. May pantay na pamamahagi ng mga serbisyong barangay tanod sa mga
purok ng barangay. (There is equal distribution of barangay police services
and resources among barangays in the municipality.)
9. Ang elektronikong kagamitan sa komunikasyon at mga aparato ay
naipapamahagi upang matiyak ang mabilis na tugon sa mga
pangangailangan ng komunidad. (Electronic communication equipment and
devices are properly provide to ensure easy and fast response to the needs
of the community.)
10. Ang pagkakaroon ng mga barangay tanod sa mga lokal na lugar ay
lumilikha ng kamalayan sa paglitaw ng mga krimen. (The presence of the
policemen in the local areas creates awareness of the occurrence of crimes.)
V.. Epekto ng Pag- unawa ng publiko tungo sa relasyon ng mga tagapag-patupad ng batas
sa komunidad.
3 – Sumasang-ayon

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PAHAYAG 4 3 2 1
1. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay nakakatanggap ng mataas na
tiwala.
(Every law enforcers are worthy of the public high trust.)
2. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay mabigay ng oras para maglingkod
sa lahat. (Law enforcers make himself available and willing to serve
everyone.)
3. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay taos-puso sa paghahatid sa
publiko. (The law enforcers are sincere in serving the public.)
4. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay nakakapagsagawa ng mataas na
pamantayan sa pamamahala at operasyon. (They were able to practice high
standard of management and operation.)
5. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas pinauunlad ang kanilang
pakikipagkaibigan sa pamamagitan ng kanilang mabuting pag-uugali. (They
develop friendly relations by his good conduct.)
6. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay nasa isip ang interes ng publiko.
(Every law enforcers have in mind the interest of the public.)
7. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay iniiwasan ang anumang okasyon
upang hindi mapahiya, maalinsabay o maabala ang sinuman. (They avoid by

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any occasion to humiliate, embarrass, annoy or inconvenience anyone.)
8. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay magalang, makatarungan at mabilis
na matulungan ang mga mamamayan. (They are courteous, fair and quick to
assist individuals.)
9. Ang mga tao ay may lubos na may kaalaman tungkol sa mga regulasyon
at patakaran ng puwersa ng barangay tanod at ang mga dahilan ng kanilang
pagsunod. (The people are well informed of the regulations and policies of
the barangay police force and the reasons of their adoption.)
10. Ang mga tagapagpatupad ng batas ay may malalim na paniniwala sa
agarang paglilingkod bilang isang kinakailangang serbisyo upang itaguyod
ang mga mamamayan o pambansang kapakanan. (They have deep
conviction in the mobility of their work as a necessary service to promote
individual or national welfare.)
JEFFREY J. JABOLA
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Brgy. 5, 11 Basilio st.Lucena City
Mobile # : 09451686505
Persona Data
Date of Birth: September 20, 2000
Place of Birth: Lucena City, Quezon
Gender: Male
Civil Status Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Dialect Spoken: Tagalog
Height: 5’4
Weight: 80 kls.
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Antonio Jabola
Mother’s Name: Emma Jabola
Educational Background
Tertiary Bachelor of Science in Criminology
University Site, Lucena City

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2022-2023
Secondary Quezon National High School
Ibabang-Iyam, Lucena City
2016 - 2017
Elementary Lucena East II Elementary School
Brgy. 7, MH Del Pillar St. Lucena City
2012 - 2013
Skills
Written and Presentation Skills
Leadership skills
JHON RONALD I. DINGLASAN

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Reviewed by: QMR
Brgy. Mayao Parada Lucena City
Mobile # : 09669412458
Persona Data
Date of Birth: March 24, 2001
Gender: Male
Civil Status Single
Height: 5’8
Weight: 55 kls.
Father’s Name: Roel Dinglasan
Mother’s Name: Donna Dinglasan
University Site, Lucena City

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Reviewed by: QMR
2022-2023
Secondary Mayao Parada High School
Brgy, Mayao Parada
2016 - 2017
Elementary Mayao parada. Lucena City
Brgy, Mayao Parada
2012 - 2013
Skills
JOHN CHRISTIAN P. MONTEVERDE
Brgy Gulang Gulang pag ibig park subd Lucena City
Mobile # : 09309481595
Persona Data
Date of Birth: June 10, 2001
Gender: Male
Civil Status Single

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Reviewed by: QMR
Height: 5’4
Weight: 50 kls.
Father’s Name: Amando Monteverde
Mother’s Name: Simeona Monteverde
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City
2022-2023
Secondary Gulang GUlang National High School
brgy unson Lucena City
2016 - 2017
Elementary Zaballero Elementary School
Brgy Urgas Lucena City
2012 - 2013
Skills
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Impact of Crime Prevention Policies/Programs to the Rates of Crime Incidence in a

Presented to the Faculty of the College of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology

John Christian P. Monterverde

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORM

Research Title: Impact of Crime Prevention Policies/Programs to the Rates of

Name of ResearcherS : Dinglasan, Ronald I.

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Criminology

1. Abstract of the Proposal

Prevention Policies/Programs to the Rates of Crime Incidence in a Barangay in Lucena City”.

answers to the researchers’ problem.

number of the responses.

The questionnaire will be divided into 5 sections: demographic characteristics, level of

Law Enforcement in the community.

2. Background of the Study

In ancient times, the conjoint response to criminality was revenge or retribution—the

developing neighborhood watch programs.

According to Patalinghug (2017) on his Implemented Crime Prevention Strategies of

Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peace Keeping Operation, Anti-Criminality Operations,

and the community is the best way to solve criminality.

Purpose of the Research

the rates of crime incidence in a barangay in lucena city.

Specifically, this study has the following objectives:

incidence in a barangay in Lucena City;

prevention policies/programs to the rates incidence in a barangay in Lucena City;

prevention policies/programs to the rates incidence in a barangay in Lucena City.

due a catastrophic event.

so that community relation will happen.

Significance of the Research

incidence in the barangay in Lucena City.

and useful reference to them who would make related study.

due a catastrophic event.

so that community relation will happen.

Role of Barangay Police in Modern times

characteristics of community policing are common among jurisdictions.

Barangay Police Role and Developing Community Resources

of their barangay enforcers in their roles as peacekeepers.

Problem with the Law Enforcement Image

Throughout the centuries people in law enforcement have encountered common

Public views vs. Barangay Police Views

The Importance of Community Relation

and the police feel threatened by the citizens.

Law Enforcement Oriented Values

and order and public safety.

every barangay in the country (Sumad-On, 2020).

law)/Barangay Chairperson (GAD Advocates)/Barangay Captain (street term). The Punong

relevant assignment of police officers to a neighborhood to develop better relationships; the

Significance of the Research

to address the problem and issues that they are involved.

and useful reference to them who would make related study.

terms are defined operationally and literally:

Barangay Police Community Relations are complicated and constantly changing

interactions between representatives of the police organization and an assortment of

competing and often conflicting interests.

people who live in the area in which it operates.

Crimes In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other

investigate crimes, and make arrest.

influenced by the public opinion and the mass media.

Scope and Limitation of the Study