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沪江英语绿宝书之

新概念 2

77-80 课 知识点汇总
一、词汇精讲

last
v. 持续
【常见用法】last for 保持；维持
【例句】This good weather won’t last. 这样的好天气不会持续太久。
【常见用法】last+时间
【例句】How long do you think this fine weather will last?
你看这样的好天气能持续多久?
【拓展记忆】adj. 最近的；最后的；最不可能的
【例句】In the last resort we can always walk home.
大不了我们走回家就是了。

prove
v. 显示出
【常见用法】prove sb. wrong 证明某人错误
sth./sb. prove to be sth. 某人某事被发现是；显示出是
prove to be difficult
prove to be useful

figure
n. 体形；人影；数字
【常见用法】keep your figure 保持好身材
【词组】 double figures 两位数；a four figure number 四位数

survive
v. 幸免于
【常见用法】survive sth. 幸免于
survive sth. 熬过……，在……中存活下来
【例句】Only two passengers survived the air-crash.
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这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。
【拓展记忆】survivor 幸存者

entitle
v. 授权；命名
【常见用法】be entitled to do sth. 有权做某事
【例句】She read a poem entitled The Apple Tree'.
她读了一首题为《苹果树》的诗。
【常见用法】sth. entitled ‘XXX’ 名为……的……
【例句】The new book is entitled Love Story.
这本新书名叫《爱情故事》。

calm
v. 使镇定
【常见用法】calm sb. sth down 使平静下来
【例句】The calm sea gave no hint of the storm that was coming.
平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临。
【拓展记忆】adj. 淡定

suffer
v. 受苦；受害
【常见用法】suffer from…
【例句】How can you suffer such insolence?
你怎么能容忍这种蛮横的态度？
You’ll suffer for it. 因 it 而吃苦头

symptom
n. 症状
【词组】symptoms of menopause 更年期症状
symptom of hysteria. 歇斯底里的症状

urge
v. 力劝；敦促
【常见用法】urge sb. to do sth.
【例句】They urged us to give our support.
他们敦促我们给予支持。
【拓展记忆】urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的

flight attendant 空姐（少）

【拓展记忆】attendant 服务员
steward(飞机，轮船，管家)-stewardess
【拓展记忆】waiter-waitress

frightened
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adj. 害怕的，受惊的
【例句】She was frightened by a cur.
她被一条杂种狗吓坏了。
【拓展记忆】frighten v. 使害怕；使惊恐
frighten away 吓走
fright n. 惊吓

curious
adj. 好奇的；稀奇古怪的
【常见用法】curious about
【例句】curious about the origin of mankind/the structure of atoms
对人类的起源[原子的结 构]有兴趣的

plant
v. 安放；安置
【常见用法】plant a bomb 安放炸弹
plant tomatoes and cucumbers 种植
plant sth. on sb. 栽赃
【例句】We planted beans and peas in the garden.
我们在花园中种菜豆和豌豆.transplant 移植

palace
n.宫殿
【常见用法】Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫
【拓展记忆】the Crystal Palace 水晶宫
Summer Palace 颐和园
Palace Museum 故宫博物院

extraordinary
adj. 不平常的，非凡的
【记忆方法】extra-ordinary→extraordinary
extra 额外的，另外的；格外
【常见用法】extraordinary beauty 格外美丽
【拓展记忆】extraordinarily
~ difficult/successful
extracurricular 课外活动的

various
adj. 各种各样的（注意发音）
【拓展记忆】vary v. 改变
【常见用法】various colours 各种各样的颜色
【拓展记忆】variously adv.

display
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n. v. 展览；显示
【常见用法】a display of ……的展示；表演
be on display 正在展示

profit
n. 利润；收益
【常见用法】net profit 净利润，纯利润
gross profit 毛利润（税前）
make profits 获利
【例句】It will profit you nothing to do that.
你做那件事没有什么好处。

二、词汇补充

-die of/from 死于……

die of starvation 饿死
die from a heart attack 因心脏病而死

since, for, ago

since+短暂性 V./延续性 V. ，完成时标志
for+时间段
ago ……之前，一般过去时
1. He stayed with us for two weeks.
2. She arrived two weeks ago.
3. I have not seen him since Monday.
4. He has been ringing up continually since lunchtime.
5. We waited for ages.
6. He left a month ago and I have not seen him since then.
7. It has not rained since March.
8. My grandparents lived here a long time ago.
9. I have not heard from him since 1993.
We have been working on this new plane for over a year now.

-give up & give in

【例句】Never give up! 永不言弃！
【例句】They would rather die than give in. 宁死不屈！

-make no effort to do sth. 毫无掩饰；毫不努力……

make great efforts to do sth. 尽全力做某事

take 词组
-take off 起飞；脱掉
take sb. off ：He is always taking his teacher off. 模仿（取笑）
take after sb.: Young Tom takes after his father. 长得像
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take up: That wardrobe takes up a lot of space. 占用；占据

take in, take over, take down, take to…

带 on 的短语
on show
on duty
on foot
on duty…
on second thoughts…

a/an
-一个，一
1）a/an & one
a/an: 强调单数，个 eg: I’m a painter.
one: 强调数目，一个 eg: There’s only one painter in the house.
固定搭配
2）a & an
后接名词第一个音节（非字母）
a university
a European country u [ju:]
an ugly face u [ ]
the （特指）这个，那个
最高序数 the 先行，二次提出 the 来引；
形容词前属同类，复数姓氏一家人；
江河湖海岛峡湾，演奏一曲浪涛翻；
心照不宣你我间，独一无二就用它。

some, any
1) some 多用于肯定句；any 多用于否定句和疑问句
2) 疑问句中希望得到肯定回答，多用 some
eg: Could I have some water?
3) any 表示‘任何，任一’
【例句】Let me know if you need any help. 你需要任何帮助就告诉我。

1. I’m making some coffee. Do you want some/any?

2. Exports have increased this year.
3. My dog is afraid of thunder and lightning.
4. The boy was sent to a school for the deaf.
5. Tax laws help the rich.
6. I spent the evening listening to some music.
7. Crime does not pay.
8. Would you like an apple or an orange?
9. Are you an artist or a musician?
Do you take sugar in your tea?
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三、语法精讲

比较级和最高级
the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century
one of the biggest buildings of all time
The most wonderful piece of machinery on show
travelling was not as easy as it is today
one of the most famous buildings

-one of + 最高级+n.复数+of all time(史上；有史以来)

【例句】He is one of the kindest leaders of all time.
他是有史以来最善良的领导之一。

定语从句：
关键词：先行词&关系词
分类：限制性定语从句 （无逗号）
非限制性定语从句 （有逗号）
关系代词：who/whom, which, that, whose
关系副词：when, where, why

独立主格的主语非句子主语，其逻辑主语独立存在。
eg: Weather permitting, we’ll go out for a walk.

倒装：加强语气，强调
自然语序：主谓
倒装语序：谓主
部分倒装：Only in this way can we work out the problem.
全部倒装: Here comes the taxi.
Here he comes.[人做主语，主谓不倒装]
only+（时间）状语+V.+主语
【例句】Only then did I realize I made such a big mistake.
那个时候我才意识到我犯了大错。