Week 5/LESSON III.

THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT

Content Standards: The learner understands the human person as an embodied spirit.
Performance Standards: The learner distinguishes his/her own limitations and the possibilities for his/her transcendence.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
3.1 Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence.
3.2 Evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence.

Key Terms!

Man – the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race

Human – refers to man as a species  Human being – used to distinguish man from other animals

Person – refers to human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities, and dignity above all. It is the totality of an individual,
possessing awareness, self-determination, and the capacity to interact with others and with him/her.

Personhood – refers to the state of being a person

Human nature – refers to the characteristics (like thinking, feeling and acting) that distinguish humans from all other creatures. These traits are
considered to form the essence of humanity, and without them, an individual may not be considered a human person.

What is the human person?

Self – awareness - refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity and actions This awareness goes
beyond perception and reaction to the environment. We have deeper awareness that is driven by rationality or human thought. A person is aware of
both his surroundings and himself. He knows that he is living an experience and is an active participant in this experience.
This awareness gives rise to the notion of the “self” which the philosophers describe as the person who is actively aware that he/she is
perceiving and experiencing reality. This awareness of the self also enables us to experience an “inner world” that is defined by our personal thoughts
and ideas. We experience interiority, that is, the quality of being focused on one’s inner life and identity. This interiority enables us to practice creativity.

Creativity also means that a person can create within himself what does not yet exist outside. Having an inner world allows a person to create goals,
dreams and plans which may be realized through activity.

Try saying these!

I am a person. I am here. I am present.
I am alive. I am living at this very moment.
I exist.
Let’s Examine!
Little Carlo is playing in the living room while his mom is in the kitchen. He accidentally bumps into a table, causing a vase to fall. Upon hearing, his mom
went to the living room and saw him standing near the broken vase. She asked, “Did you break the vase?” what do you think Carlo’s answer will be

Self – determination - this refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their
actions, and be goal-oriented and self-directed. We are persons because we act and we are aware of our actions. Our free will enables us to do actions
whenever we want to and make various alternatives. The existence of free will enables a person to act wilfully, control his actions, and recognize himself
as the source of action.

Consequence is the result or effect of an action or condition. Philosophers believe that a person acts freely and with due regard for the consequences
of his actions. Morality is the goodness or ‘badness’ of an act.  Human action is such an important aspect of the person that many philosophers
consider human action as a way to reveal a person’s true nature. Human acts complete the person, as it is through his actions that his inner self is
revealed to others, and it is through action that a person is able to explore and fulfill his potential.

Try saying these!

I am a person.
My actions are my very own and are made freely.
I know that I am the cause of my actions.
I know that my actions have consequences.

Externality - this refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world. The realization that we are not alone and that
there are indeed other people around us enables us to reach out and establish meaningful relationships with others. Philosophers consider man as a
social being and that a person never exists in isolation. Man has the natural tendency to seek out fellow human beings, and the relationships established
by this interaction are a vital component for survival. Our interactions with others define our existence as persons. We grow and develop not only
through our thoughts and actions, but also through the influence of other people in our lives, and the individuals we meet and interact with.

Try saying these!

I am a person.
I value others.
I interact with others in meaningful ways.
I value my relationships with others.
I have grown as a person because I’ve had meaningful interactions with people I’ve met in my life.

Dignity - this refers to the innate right to be values and respected. Philosophers consider all humans as having an inherent worth or value. “You’re
worthless!” is an insult since it attacks the very notion of a person having value or worth. Each person is worth the same as another person in the sense
that every person is priceless, unique, unrepeatable and irreplaceable. No person is dispensable or interchangeable. This is the reason why separation
from the people we love and value is a difficult and painful experience.
Human dignity is rooted in the nature of the human being, meaning, a person has dignity simply because of the fact that he is human. Dignity is not
defined by outside factors like intelligence, beauty, skills, etc. A person retains his dignity in spite of his actions or behavior.  Dignity also drives us to
seek what is good. Doing good deeds upholds and promotes dignity of the human person. This recognition of dignity is also the basis for the recognition
of human rights

Try saying these!

I am a person. I recognize that others have dignity, as well.
I am a person with dignity. I must uphold human dignity in my thoughts and actions.

What is in our human nature that enables us to become persons?

Aside from the physical characteristics, another aspect of the human that defines us as persons is the spirit. This intangible element enables us to
exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority, and the capacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.

How are the body and spirit related?

Philosophers consider the human person as defined by the union of the body and the spirit. THE HUMAN PERSON IS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT. The
body and the spirit are not only united, but they are integrated with each other. Embodiment enables us to do and experience all the things that make
us human persons.

Embodiment - the human body stands as the mediator between the material world and the spiritual world. Being an embodied spirit, the person is able
to encounter the world of objects (and other personal subjects) in a manner that transcends the physical. This feature allows him to form intimate
relationship with those outside him. Human embodiment allows persons to attach certain feelings or ideas not only to people but also to objects. (pair of
shoes as a present from a loved one).
With human embodiment, physical acts are no longer purely physical acts, because the body conveys something from a person’s inner world. A pat on
the shoulder from your idol, a smile from your crush, a kiss from your partner will create intense emotional reaction in you. These examples show that it
is through embodiment that a person in able to have a very unique relationship with the world. And it is this unique relationship that defines us as
humans.

How does my human nature enable me to explore my limits?

Human nature still has limits despite being an embodied spirit. It can be said that the person is very biologically deficient being. We do not
have the natural ability to fly. We cannot breathe underwater without using breathing apparatus. We cannot survive in certain environments like other
animals. Despite this limitations, we have used out intellect to devise means to achieve several feats.
The ability to surpass limits is called transcendence, and it is also one important trait that distinguishes the human person from other beings
in existence.
Our mind is an important tool that allows us to go beyond many of our physical limits. Although we have these physical limitations, we can
transcend them because of our spiritual dimension. As human persons, we have natural tendencies or inclinations. Some of these are felt bodily
functions like hunger, fatigue, etc. transcendence means overcoming oneself or being in control even if the body reminds us of certain tendencies.
Although these tendencies are felt, the person can govern them and ensure that they are exercised within the bounds of reason.