Date

Asnptate NotatB ras.

FuunctBo f a sa to be D ) Here
exks ConstauT C onda cons tont n.

n2r
Lo = finv£ CJ)) fovalllv)

dobeNgh) if Here
bunctBn bl ld -do o.
exitts Constont 'col 2' congtorl

tlere exidts costantcana2omtaul

lo

A nctln

CURUKUL
 11 1

1
1
C
 Date Page

lgo 2 Soxteol arn

S[2194lzs

*Best Case Ol:).

Ale case 0(gni). 8->4-3 231
6 8- 4A21
dgi3

H
*Anahsid plesih fos_drsoséing Aposhm
me apeaey JS On2) Oblgn)
Olnlogn)complen~yAhe method be cesed toSot:

SpaceCormplexiy>place aloZhm->I,Ik umbe

S l a b t > 61 26 126
Sopuct AliyStoseaortibg dutput Asszp.

ntohe memay
aata netdoaded
sosbng alyo> 1 l Ke
Exlemal
fnto de meme7-

Aadloo thve2 Dlseady Soted data Aakes lM

Lhne2
Keccrsielaen-secursive Sonded 402
e
GURUKUL
 Date Page

13t pass 7 I 122 17 Y gcompa

1,2 g coo rison
a
I7 2,3 paddiLle
2
92 / 4 3,4
U,5
(n-1)no.fpaA
5 st paas completea
2ndpass 9 2 17 O,1/4comp
} 2 9 11 /7 1,2 PS
2 97) I7 2,3
2 9 /1 42 3,y
4
29 (1 /)> 2ndpads cempleted
2
Cadpad 2 941417 01 comp
273 22 /7> 2,2 3PA
7 4 (I 22 1 2 , 3> 3ad pads cumpet

1 1 217/
2) D4,2) (2compy2ps
pass 2 ( 9 pass Complefea.
7 (4comp, 1pD
HpadS > 2(2 7911 1/9sated lrday

GURUKUL
 Date Page

nser lon-dost ¥

7/2 3 1 pass. 4 pos.onp

1'pesd. Suoop
3 124/1129nd possp-c
(2p S)
1|-sdpassla pce ps)
3 4 12 halsovted atay
Bestcase coplecy 06)
leta case compleri Cn

ILoPt
ALoop fo padses
f o h t f:1:e n-1; + )
key AL)

Aa ehile CI> =0 ALT7 7key

ATJ+1:ACiI
J--

ACi Eey)
.

GURUKUL
 Odle

Selec ien sost keugh falay : 5

Seectbn sot
stpaalas
Necau s b l i 4 e
a7a0yh mhmam nambu
nd prdS esuoapds.

Sad pass
38
pasS

ND OfAassed n - 2 2 S - 1 2 4,
otal padsk_coropoiidon E1t2+3t-Hn-)
2

n i n m a e l no. 0fsidapd : h-1

Mnimtm no. svap20
OsiabUly > selecte-dot £s ot stble
foex
Sack Black vhn SBtueyBlue
ue

Brue 9tlere
9ve
LBute astah aades
Black Ganeen Ghck tasBlock-pein-8leue
(2pdapAve >selecten edet ls nat aanotlue
becande uoe have to peafeD ssne
nmber
SURUKUL
of passes On doited es1ay aladoo
 Date Page

Code

fey CSnd :0: fen-1j J4+)

Mhuindew f

fCALT<ALmisim unHe3)
mniintnih ole n `:

3
I/S0ap ACI ad A ALofn tundndes7
temp ACIJ 2
ACi aALmmtmumhderJ

Qek SotE (Length s 10

2

6
KparELbnproceduses
1 : lo2

3phuet: lou)..
Í 4 cun t element >pirotes feuna.
S J_cnkielemeu Ephvet Es foLro
6Suap AlI7E ACYa:.d Aepeat tE S entr
(7sP)
Zsaap phote ACIJ

GURUKLL
 Date Page
* 7 r e e S ¥

Raasc erinotopy
DRedt 7epmast Aole.
Daseet Node chieh carnmenkr lo l e child.
h L a = V O d e cDbiCh LS Conectcad b
noáesnode
Lea {/ex.teral nade i Nadert cohbro chilaar-
CEnternal nede NOdeScolhaleast onecAa
EDepfH Na- eges fsem{oot fole
hoale
e2utNo. ef edgs fhom node lo he.oegpest
leaf
s b Node belongng dohe sanme
p n cedtonslDescerqlee/ pasut
0stnode tosoat oot to astnode)

e boaytiee Laefhesenpy
hadafste_ sbllec tibnes elements..
- 5 Roo
Eoge
C Noades

E>Dlea nats
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 pate Page

odes > (h-edges

Degsee no. ef dlsect ch.ldhen ltot aa
p s e e of a tsee ds fte hphes egsee
of a node amon? all Ae nodes
preseut
B n a r y Thee ee ofde22ea Lz 2.
Cwoaes caer hone o , i o 2chilen

*9pes naty Bees X

Thee Non-oeas deal fotkepkedentig
Lesasclical dala
assag,dtachi, gueua, Linked lit> Lhneai

l L o r Slièt Bnasy ZheeE

DU noded ba

Oo e'(S0.Lis not
a fallslsit 8T)
(pefectihee
Lnbetnal hodes have 2 ch
all Jeaf hooled ase ona a e leve

GURUKUL
 Date
Page

Compkte Binaay tiee

All loe Ld me
l l e d except
completely
paasdily he dast level
o leel'nmud have Ls loys ad
pekibk.

Eegenesate Ziee
n e c h Evesy
a . I parent
22e noae hos
Acalh exoctly

Skeved zhees
LeptskecDeal

2kydkeseal

Repsesentat orv 'ef a hasy Aee

s o y Aepsestutaton 2
Aoy epsedeutolon2
ulees piopesfyy. eislsn). N NN 1)
he bHaz aseasch) Asee N
(NOLL)
sepseseuteal by slosng
he elemeut-a HHe 2sAdy
GURUKUJL
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AMRY ies neeole4 lod
 (73) Page

hawesalin a Bhary Lhee X

preoaae LiaNseLasal.

Reot- Lefl susface- Rg Atusfoce.

En-oLde 2havessal
Lefl- RyAtdu4face.
postrozale lasesesal.
LetAphd kortaseuface.

pae-Ovder Ziaversal
Root-keft-Rpué
4 2 S26

code
Voio piecades Lstacsct npdle*seab
CApp NULD{,
pareondesLsoot 3ept)
preDadesLAeotAikt),

n-o4le Liauersal2
Lef!hoob-Al9ht)
vo SnondeslLtsucf npck snet
ifeot=NULLIS
noleLLAootlelt)
2246
node (&oot> Ag4E);
 Date Page
Dadt-OAdes Akaverasal
f l -1zat-oot).
1olet lsuctrodeseol
S o c t , = NOLUL
postosdeeAoot > eft); G2164
Ptorael Aoot 34lzut )
pakf CAoot >data

Afcko fnanadepicoides aapestoroe

iaNE2esal~

2Eprepade Asavesdal
204

n hdeiaveLsaL

pastosdes Linvesdal
0L 21
CURUKUL
 pate Page

Baiy Seasch dhee

iesa eype Bnasy Asee
7
pspeAles
a p l l n o d a f he lefttuhfkse 2re ledSes-
ALnOdEI Pleatea
aubtsee ase
Letada sRGAtseutfaces ase ahso 2sz BST
hese e n o dellcote tDAas.
savessalofa BST 2fveas alu
Osceldh2 sseited 2isay
Dscadng cide,

AVk ees
Heyht_balacced bheny seachtLees
HehYfeguce_ beteen bezhts ef_le
aud ea tubtseed
LeJs kan fosévesy
3Balancefactor Heizht_efAzh ubdsee
Heigat ef leftsublhéeE.
Cau be
-1,0os 1fora node to be belont
h a Bnatyseasch diee
5Ca be L,0 0L2 fe allncdes ef au
GURUKUL
AvL Usee
 1-2
e-D-(1-2
ate
Page

BF-> Balaucejactoi-
Foc
tsee to be
a
balauced
/BF 1
LFS R.l- L-N.
(

eeas cO a oistcase helzkt of ologan)

ase Called balauced sees Dne
populasbalauced AAeesLAvLlhee, cShd
plas
cas _ihbsvduced b dk lson-Velasbs aad
Kadikss

olaliad n_au A hee f

OL:l subbce ofleft_suhlsee *-
Rpht sublsee epd sublsee
iptsublhee ofLeflsubbseef
Zpt_ublsee 2phdsabtseer
t i t LLAotatesn_i
TsuedLE s an A hee)
nsens in )

GURUKJL
 pate PaRe

L2 Aetaton

RLetalBt
arder
20n AvLLsee)
10AL ee)
40)

Rotate Cpesatbras
l e Caupeafounotate
halouce
Cperat3as t
abnoyseach lsee such thal
he bea? foivddfkee Aasatl{les all
psopestILSefaksz
EllonSn9 21e 20 base Aotate
URUKU opesatfovs
 Date Page

Lefl kotate iure. a naok > rade 2 movn

docoasohs l e l . L

Le
Rolate

RRLLsokate e h t a nodes Nodeismoe

tounrdd the AAÍ

sttate

*Balacleg aAVL Ahee qflev lnseatiou

seme l e p y , seasch the nbalaucenoa).
s t Me
(2) Fora Lk Metatoa ght Aodade once

sk nbalauced noale
o a 2pkt-2ZAtt SnseteaLeftsetate dnce
last the flsst inbalaccrd node
a yt-kt EnderlinLeflsctate oece D.d
h e N K 2 t s E t a t e o1Ce.
Dua
Eea a Aht-LeLLtesrtn2t sstate snca
selate once
then e
 Date Page

Searhiag n a BST A
SO 100

(Alde he dsee by ara_krch

(Mejat he bsel Lognahs)
Ta=hXtJ
comple = Olopn)

Code Jer-seasching n a BST

Node seasc lwaale root, r t keyJ
Choots=NULO
Aetusn Null:
sootsdata==key
Aetun AeUt
else lsoo4-data >key)
sebesn Seaschlsoo6lf, Keg)
Lf else
selmseorch Aoot>aipkt, ney

esobiveseasck A aa BnayeachTreer

GURUKUL
 pa

Inasexot on
in a BST R
>(e koo n duplicate ualue
e n BSTA
7Ten Fos est
A
Seualo cece ¥,
yoid insert vadesentatiey
NDde prev NiLL

NOepis;
ahe lsoot/=NoLLR
pae VEsOot
lreySAoot >dzal
Ketuan3
felse fCrey & s00tdata
else
soote= Aoob2At

*DeeLèn a_node in 2 S T X
Ocas el The nede deat hede
3hep1>Search he hoade
Step2a Delote he rode

2Cose2 he node id a hettdeof

bode
a node i s nen-leaf node en ae coli sepla
it by ts ZAOre prre oT lnordes poLt/
Tncrfles pre)
B 7-(oordles post
Case3%e node h e seoÓ rode /nedein bet
Enmdes Lsavesal1346 7810 13/4
e e p s > SeorcA
stept he neade.Stepli Searth for eeni g
S keepao g h s t u n t Ate bree h a t no r
Lnpres
nodes.
A
 Date Page

L a a s akscovesed by rbayerr Qiud

NCCe1>htLL he mat populas
technigceefor oga1zlbg a4u Brodex Strucete
B - t r e e ef ordeT mS an m-cDay
sensch trea teK folleeozg bopeé S
(Each node ephetree, evCept tlaeAoot
node Qud leares b a sa t leaAt m/2
u b r e e s QiA hO 20re t e a a m rub tvee
R o o of he lsee has ailea tDo
Sub tseas _cness l Z Lsa eof.hale.
(EAll leaves efihe Lsee are on he asazee
leel.

B seeeL s2_tree Sn cob24 he

_beatog_nades ase lhkea to each otkes
herkeft tosjud ko form a lskeZ
-Wist afhe keyi inepcrenbizl ordes.
 Date va@

9L4ph Ps a Cotles.tn af noded connected

ouga edges
7Aaph tsauesdal

e process ef v g Checkp ad/r ypadotiog)

each vesten node n a gkaph
Segeence 9 dteps ase "knoanad gs2eh Aove
asal alpostthm c2u be catedlo ~tavease-

Tlo mnain ApiHhmdef 2snc lsaAesal a e

Depte Lsstseasch 2ES).

BES CBserdl ErstsearchJ

Re samepsaes
eJlorti9 LLa Cnnected odes,
i s epealed c A a l l t h e Connecdn9 20ak
vLALed
enbill a l l Ae rodles ase

*BFSSparnbg r e e
Consates ake psaphsheen 2t fhe
7AYe ca -lastoM auy sousce

Let t a i t Irta O.

o CondducÍ aLtee o , 6
Oas h e Aott Meplate edps
aaec2ys_DI
Hark allfhe lashea.
Cabave a n0de) ad1
GURUKUJL
 Date pa

_2onstsucHed lhee Ldcallka Br

son ni lsee
Levelbades savossal FS0pah!'n
bsee ld a lad BS avLasal efae
A214Ss
Level ordes lkorvesdal> 0
Same _Me BfS Aiaussal f thepien e

Condilo Ha 24aphshotDn at he A2
e caw staseDk ay Skee Dode
Letsátart toAo akA bsest Lt H
Lecee
V all he aomecled veskiceA acd en92ue4
hemabfoxeeploorakrbn.

siednok 01 23 456
Eypleralhn queue,-ALLAtg
ZLS trquessalforthe
entLee

SLep12chooase any nede.kanolomly, de to

AsovesSng.
step 2 us sadaceunt unvls~ed
nedes.
SLep3 Maxet as vLsLedlpe
GURUKU
boolean akay aud sdlsplaye.
 Date Page

sepY asert Ke sted nod Sntohe

ueve.
SLepS IMere ls no athcent node, kemeve
h e fisdt node hom e ueee
Step6 Repeat ke aboveseps ulentil La
geeue l empLy

seudo Code or BS E
proceduuse BFSS Lasapk, Aoet) &
Let s o o t = eplored

Oueue. engueueCoot)
AJLe oueLe is et empl
VzQueue.oé9cueeiél
VJ0al.
Leturn V

for all eages fsom vlo al h asaph.odjac-

-entiapeas u):
a s s net abeled as eploged
dabel /as eplored
Ycueueenguevel )
END fo7
END LAe
END BAS

GURUKUL