Office of the Registrar General and

Census Commissioner, India

D C CHANDRAMOULI
Dr. C. CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL & 
CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA

January 2013
Topics Covered
• Census of India 2011

• National Population Register

• Socio Economic and Caste Census
Socio Economic and Caste Census

2
Challenges –
g Diverse & Vast
• 2.4% of worlds surface area
• 1.2 bn
1 2 b population
l i
Large  • 2nd largest in the world
Population

• 0.6 million villages
• 7935 Towns
Multi‐level

• 4,635 ethnic groups
• 80,000  Segments, Synonyms and Titles
80 000 Segments Synonyms and Titles
Multi‐Ethnic

Challenges…
Challenges –
g Diverse & Vast
• 655 religions and other persuasions
• 18 languages (training); 16 languages (canvassing); 
( ) ( )
Multi‐cultural 6661 mother tongues

• Nomads, Homeless, Forest/Island Dwellers
Difficult  • Infants, Elderly women, Disabled
people

• Disturbed civil conditions
Difficult  • Inaccessible terrain
Inaccessible terrain
Areas
Census of India 2011
f d

5
F
Features of Census 2011
fC 2011
• Legal Backing 
Legal Backing – Census Act 1948
Census Act 1948

• Paper Based ‐ Extended de facto canvasser method

• Extensive use of GIS/ICT in pre Census and Census 
activities 
ti iti

• Highly manpower intensive‐ 2.7 million persons 

Highly manpower intensive 2 7 million persons
deployed

• Complex Logistics

• ICR Technology for data processing
ICR T h l f d t i
6
 Census 2011 Process

House to house 
canvassing 
i
(extended de facto)
Scanning Image based
Recognition (ICR)
g ( )

Data  Database/ 
/ Manual completion of 
Manual completion of Image validation
Image validation
Dissemination Tabulation unrecognized characters
Obj i
Objectives of Census 2011
fC 2011

• Coverage
Complete and Unduplicated

• Quality
State of the Art Techniques

• Cost
Reduce overall cost of operations
Reduce overall cost of operations

• Time
Reduce Time taken to publish results
 Harnessing GIS
Harnessing GIS

• Digitized boundary of more than 0.6 million villages
• Maps of 8000 Towns at sub‐Town level
• Digitized maps at street and house level of 33 Capital Cities

Learning from Census of India 2011
 Enhancing Quality
• 5.4 Million Instruction Manuals 
printed in 18 languages
printed in 18 languages
• 340 Million Census Schedules 
printed in 16 languages
• New Features
• Bar Codes
• Form Numbers 
• Location Particulars partly 
pre‐printed
• High speed digital printing 
machines used
machines used 

Learning from Census of India 2011
 Logistics  ‐ a key factor 
Schedules Printed 
Other Materials
At
printed
High‐end Presses
g

Charge Officer 20, 000

Enumerator 2.5 million

• Assessment
Assessment of requirement of census material by language in each of the 
of requirement of census material by language in each of the
20,000 locations – micro‐planning for efficient inventory control  
• Packing according to the database ‐ Dispatch and delivery  
• Return logistics
g
Learning from Census of India 2011
 Enhancing Quality 
• Training Alliance
National 
• Training Methodology
Training Methodology Trainers
Trainers 
( NTs) 
• Improved inputs 90

• Scientific Training aids
g Master Trainer Facilitators
aste a e ac tato s
(MTFs) 
725

Master Trainer (MTs) 
54, 000

Enumerators and Supervisors
2.7 Million

Training ‐ a serious business!!
Training   a serious business!!
Learning from Census of India 2011
 ICT in Training 
• Instruction Manuals
• Training Guides
• PowerPoint 
presentations
• ee‐Learning
Learning Modules
Modules
• Internet
• Training CDs
• Community Radio
y
• SMS/email

Learning from Census of India 2011
 Publicity
Modes Used
• Campaign included 
Campaign included ‐
• Mass media
• Public outreach
Public outreach
• Digital media

• Print Ads in 16 languages

• TVCs and Radio Spots in 12 
languages

• Mascot

Learning from Census of India 2011
 Digital media – an effective medium
• Face Book

• Twitter

• Advertisements in websites

• SMS 

• TV Soaps

• Census in Schools

• Local Art Forms Learning from Census of India 2011
Learning from Census of India 2011
 On Twitter
On Twitter

Learning from Census of India 2011

 Data Processing

• 1961 Census – Unit Record machines used

• 1971 Census – Key‐punching (IBM 1401 computer/card 
Reader

• 1981 Census –Key to Disk machines. (HP 1000 CD‐Cyber 
730 & NEC  ‐ 1000)

• 1991 Census ‐ Medha 930 Main Frame 

• 2001 Census –Image based Automatic Form Processing
2001 Census Image based Automatic Form Processing

• 2011 Census – Advanced ICR Technology
 Data Capture & 
Processing since 1961
Census 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
(Expected)

Population  439 548 683 846 1028 1210

(million)

Collection (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100

Capture (%)
Capture (%) 5 15 25 45 100 100

Mode Hand  Key Punch Data  Data Entry Scanning/I Improved 

Punch Entry CR Scanning/I
CR
Time taken  8 to 9 8 to 9 8 to 9 7 to 8 4 to 5 1 to 2 
(years)
National Population Register 
(NPR)
( )
 Features of the NPR

• Legal Backing ‐
ega ac g The  Citizenship Act, 1955 and the 
e C t e s p ct, 955 a d t e
Citizenship Rules,  2003

• Biometrics ‐Largest biometric database in the world

• De duplication based on biometrics
De‐duplication based on biometrics

• Publication and verification

• Technology backbone

• Continuous updating
C i d i

National Population Register
21
 Information in the NPR

1 Name of   6 Sex 11 Present address of 

person usual residence
2 Relationship to  7 Date of Birth 12 Duration of stay at 
Head present address
present address
3 Father’s Name 8 Marital Status 13 Permanent Residential 
Address
4 Mother’s Name 9 Place of Birth 14 Occupation / Activity

Spouse’ss Name
5 Spouse Name 10 Nationality as
Nationality as  15 Educational
Educational 
Declared Qualification
Photograph, Finger Print and Iris  of all Usual Residents aged 5 years and 
above. 

National Population Register
 NPR Process

House to house canvassing 
for  NPR by Enumerators  (45 
days)
Scanning Image based
Data Entry

Publication in the local area, 
settlement of claims
ttl t f l i
and objections Printing of LRUR
Vetting by local bodies

Biometric Capture in the presence of 
G tS
Government Servants t

De‐duplication National data base Proposed Resident ID Card

National Population Register
 NPR Centre
NPR Centre NPR Centre
NPR Centre NPR Centre
NPR Centre

State Wide Area Network

State Wide Area Network
State Data Centre
Continuous updating 
and Maintaining the
and Maintaining the 
NPR at sub‐district  
and sub Town level
National Grid
National Grid

National Data Centre
National Population Register
 Use in e‐Governance
Banking, Admission Seed, Fertilizer Railway,
Insurance in schools, colleges Pesticide, Marketing Air, Bus
Services and hostels credit Ticket
database booking

Registration
of DL/RC
Land,
Property,
p y,
Ex-
Ex
Shares
Servicemen

Health and Voter’s

Voter s List
Medical
Services
Employment
Public Distribution NREGA
System
.. and many more

National Population Register
Socio‐Economic and Caste Census
(SECC)
 Features of SECC

• Data collected in the NPR used for SECC

• Control population figures of Census 2011 utilized

• Data collection on hand held devises

• Instant uploading
p g of data

• Concurrent monitoring

• Quality assurance

• Quick tabulation

Socio‐Economic and Caste Census
 SECC Process

Linking NPR and Census Data collection using HHD Data uploading

Supervisory  check

Data verification Concurrent quality check & 
monitoring

• Publication
• Claims 
• Objections Finalization
• Appeals

De‐Duplication  by UIDAI and Issue of Aadhaar NPR Central Database Socio‐Economic and Caste Census

 Hand‐held Device (Tablet PC) used for 
data collection in SECC
Key Features
• Weighs 280 grams and can be 
carried easily
• 7 inch LCD Colour
7 inch LCD Colour Display
• Touch screen, navigation keys 
and keyboard
• Internet connectivity through 
Ethernet; 2 USB ports
• Solar‐backed battery supports 
S l b k d b tt t
usage in diverse areas of 
deployment
• Price: Less than US$ 80

Socio‐Economic and Caste Census
SECC Summary data: live

Socio‐Economic and Caste Census
 Comparative Cost
Census 2011 SECC 2012
Per Per
P
Cost Cost
Capita Capita
Rs. 2200 Rs. 3543
Rs.18 Rs. 30
Crores Crores

US $446 US $723
US $ 0.4 US $ 0.6
Million Million

National Population Register

Per
Cost
Capita
Rs. 6649
Rs 54
Rs.54
C
Crores

US $ 1.3
US $ 1.2
Billion
 Thank You
Thank You

Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India,
2 A M i h R d N D lhi 110011 I di
2 A Mansingh Road, New Delhi 110011, India

Phone: +91‐11‐24105383
Fa +91 11 23383145
Fax: +91‐11‐23383145
E mail: rgi.rgi@nic.in
Website: http://www.censusindia.gov.in