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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM

This chapter presents the introduction as an overview of

what the study is all about to show its importance, the
theoretical and conceptual framework, the statement of the
problem, statement of hypothesis, significance of the study and
definition of terms.

Introduction

A computer laboratory is essential in every private

and government school to enhance the scientific and technological

research and invention capacity of students. (Vijay K. Sharma)

The computer lab serves as the center for teaching

computer use to whole classes, usually by a specialist computer

teacher. Classroom teachers also use the lab with their classes

for research, or for creating technology-based projects.

Technology specialists use the computer lab for teacher in-

services where they instruct teachers on various aspects of using

computers in educational settings. The traditional computer lab

often serves as the location for networked printers and scanners

that are used by the whole school.

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The computer laboratory in school provides interest to

the students as they take the opportunity of having access to it

through finishing their school paper work and especially through

browsing for research paper topics. As they experience this, the

students develop their critical thinking and their ability to

process things quickly.

In this study, the researchers hope to achieve the

opportunity of having Computer Laboratory in school that will the

students to provide access to computers and internet, therefore,

the effectiveness of computer laboratory in development of the

students basic skill in computer and also computer laboratory

gives to the student is high quality learning which is very

important for other students who needs more details or

information in learning something. And computer gives students

advanced learning for them to be ready in any quizzes or exams.

The study aimed to look into how educators and students

negotiate lack of access to digital computer technologies in a

school in Butuan City, Philippines. By using in-depth interviews

and focus group discussion, the study found that the lack of

ability to manipulate computers and navigate the internet, as

well as having no access to internet technologies, caused

difficulty among students in their learning, making them feel

inadequate compared to those who had internet access.

The study also found that for teachers, instead of

adding and enriching learning, the use of digital computer

technology became a source of anxiety among l earners. The lack

of funding from the school for computer units and computer

laboratories also added to the struggle of the educators and

students. (Musni-Tagaytay, M. et al. 2017). Living with the

Digital Divide: Exploring Internet and Computer Technology (ICT)

Accessibility and Digital Inequality through the Experiences of

Educators and Students.

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Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

The research was based on the study of Kajal

Sharna(2019)in Role of Internet in Education where he stated “it

has become more important as well as powerful tool in the world

which is preferred by everyone. Everybody needs internet for some

or other purposes. Students need internet to search for

information related to exams, curriculum, etc.” On the other

hand.Jones et al also believe that students now use computers in

virtually every aspect of their academic work from taking notes

to turning in assignments, researching topics to questioning

professors. These advances have been well received by students

who seem to find that they are more effective using these tools.

In the Pew study, “Nearly four-fifths of college students (nearly

79%) agree or strongly agree that Internet use has had a positive

impact on their college academic experience”. Boase, Horrigan,

Wellman & Rainie computers and the internet have become part of

society’s everyday methods of communication. This is particularly

true for university environments where technology trends tend to

be adopted more quickly than among older users.

Conceptual Framework

Input

Process
 The students lack of
access to computers and
internet
Observation
 The importance of using
technology in the Questionnaire
classroom
Survey

Output

The use of a computer laboratory in

school will benefit the students in
research.

Not having a computer laboratory

will not benefit the students'
development and research.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

As shown in Figure 1, the input of the researchers is the

absence of computer and internet accessibility as well as the

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importance of possessing technology in the classroom and

connection to the internet so the students may research the

things they want to know more about and acquire more details

about their topic.

The researchers employ observation, questionnaires, and

surveys as methods. Through this method, the researchers obtain

relevant information about the perception of the students and

also of the teachers about computer laboratories.

Moreover, the output of this study is the benefits and

the assistance that computer laboratories and the internet offer

to the students and some of the things that are beneficial to the

students' and teachers' development and performance in school.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this research study entitled “The use of

computer laboratory in ANHS SHS basis for students’ development

and for academic purposes” is to determine the students

development in academic purposes by the use of computer

laboratory.

Hence, the study will answer the following problems:

1. What kind of benefit students gain for having a computer

laboratory inside the school?

2. Can computer laboratories improve students reading skills and

comprehension?

3.What are the problems influencing computer laboratory to the

students?

4.Why are computer laboratories important in the learning?

5. Can computer laboratory provide factual details in terms of

students learning?

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will significantly contribute

much knowledge and learning that will give substantial benefits

to the following: Significance of the Study

ANHS Students _through this study we can focus on students

improvement in academic performances and improvement of

equipment of the computer laboratory for their research and .

ANHS Teachers. This study will benefit for them also to teach

proper and computer literate.

Definition of Terms

The following terms used in the study are conceptually and

operationally defined. Definition of Terms

Accurate. Free from error or defect.

Computer Laboratory. Is a space where computer services are

provided.
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Technology. Composes with a branches of knowledge dealing or

applying science.

Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and related
studies of the present study in thematic way.

The availability of computer facilities in schools would

guarantee students access materials for teaching and learning for
computer studies. Teaching and learning cannot be significant
without instructional materials hence a student to a bigger
extent did not choose computer studies because of inadequate
computer infrastructural facilities. Many private schools were
situated near towns where there was internet connectivity which
ensured access to educational information thus influencing their
choice of computer studies. (Gakunga, D. K. et.al. 2016).

Therefore, having computer laboratory as well to public

schools particularly in Senior High School for the students to
have the basic skill of using computers and the easy access for
answering their assignments and for their research.

  The Influence of Availability of Computer Facilities in

Public and Private Secondary Schools on Students' Choice of
Computer Studies as a Learning Subject in Machakos Sub-County,
Kenya. Certainly, the foremost basic step toward effective
technology integration is wide spread access to equipment
necessary to run academic computer programs. If computer
laboratory time is limited to at least one hour per week,
persistent use of educational technology is not viable. Many
students don't have regular and reliable access to a computer.

Having access to computer laboratory in a limited time for

at least one per week is not sustainable and viable for the
students. How much more to public school that have no computer
laboratory though the fact that most students attending public
schools come from a mediocre family and also from a poor family.
In addition, they don’t have the money to afford to purchase
laptops and to have the connection to internet. So by having
computer laboratory in school it give the students a chance to
acquire more.

Access to computers in school might improve student

outcomes in many ways. Computer software has the potential to
supply self-paced instruction that’s usually difficult to attain
in group instruction

The Internet represents a probably valuable resource for

locating out information a couple of wide selection of
instructional topics for reducing the coordination prices of
group comes. Computers, the Internet, software and other
technologies, because of their interactive nature, may engage the
students in ways that traditional methods cannot.

  Further, increased computer skills could alter the

economic returns to education, particularly in fields during
which computer sare used extensively. These factors, additionally
to the direct advantages of being pc literate within the
geographic point, society and better education, are behind the
choice to take a position in ICT and CAI in faculties.(Bulman, G.
et.al. 2015).Technology and Education:Computers, Software, and
the Internet.
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The internet is presently being used as a source of

teaching and learning materials. Most private and some public
secondary schools in Tanzania have computer labs used for
teaching and learning. However, very few computer labs are
connected to the internet. Alternatively, teachers and students
use their mobile phones to access Internet services for academic
work. The internet, in particular, has provided people especially
students with a foundation for meeting their information needs.

Because these days internet is very useful for it helps

students to learn ,work with software programs,complete
assignments and interact with their instructor in a modern way.

  Many private schools can boast of computer laboratories,

but only few can pride themselves on Internet access. The
internet has come to befriend, dwell with, and live beyond, both,
the teacher and the student.Several studies reveal that students
using ICT facilities mostly show higher learning gains than those
who do not use.

For instance, Kulik’s (1994) study in the United States

showed that students who used computer tutorials in mathematics,
natural science, and social science scored significantly higher
on test in these subjects. The findings also indicated that
primary school students whoused the tutorial software in reading
scored significantly
higher on reading. (Almasi, M. et. al. 2017).

The benefits computer laboratory gives to the student is

high quality learning which is very important for other students
who needs more details or information in learning something. And
computer gives students advanced learning for them to be ready in
any quizzes or exams.

Internet Use Among Secondary School Students and Its Effects

on their Learning.
 The School of Social Works at the University of
Washington has a computer laboratory that is a multi-purpose
technology and collaborative workspace located at the north end
of the research commons on the second floor. The lab is
exclusively dedicated to meeting the teaching, learning, and
research needs of the faculty, staff, and students.

However, the Research Commons is equipped with 13 PCs,

three scanners, two iMacs, and two high-end workstations, plus
black-and-white and color printing services for a fee. In
addition, other services include library and research support
provided by appointment by the School of Social Work reference
librarian. The computers are managed and supported by SSW Tech staff.
(School of Social Work, 2019).

Students and teachers both benefit from using computers in

school.Computers have provided infinite resources for learning
and created an education that is a lot more versatile and
straightforward to access. With the internet, students can find
many different ways to solve a certain problem given to them.

They can also access the online video tutorials and FAQ
forums where they can grasp concepts easily and gain an infinite
amount of useful and relevant information that is needed by the
students. Schools should provide their students with the
opportunity to access the Internet and the World Wide Web; it
will help them to develop knowledge about current technology and
also do their assignments. The use of computers is quite
necessary, especially for students, because it helps to maintain
real-world opportunities. (Williamson, V.2018). advantages of
having a computer in education.

A computer lab is a blueprint classroom for studying or

teaching the students. The computer lab should be designed with
ease of use, security, and reliability in mind, and each school
will need to find the best way to create a lab that fits the
needs of its students and its budget. The school may add some
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equipment in the computer laboratory, such as printers, scanners,
cameras, projectors or sand headsets.

Each piece of equipment ought to be fastidiously

deliberate, as the investment required (for the printers,
scanners, cameras, and projectors) or the high breakage rate (for
the headsets) will adversely affect the budget of the computer
laboratory and its ability to run smoothly. A. Helaine (2018)

The Equipment Needed for a Computer Lab

       

Internet has become indispensable for study purposes.

Students have to complete their assignments and term papers, for
which they need proper access to the computer and internet.
Sometimes assignments for all subjects come simultaneously, and
school labs become overcrowded. And if someone gets one, it may
appear that the computer is facing internet connection problems
or that there may be no supply of electricity.

Due to a lack of facilities in response to the high

level of student pressure, school authorities are unable to
assist at that time. Even if one has a laptop, Wi-Fi is not
available everywhere. The cyber cafe is not immune to these
problems either. (Assisting Ace, 2015)

Lack of computer and internet facilities

  At the University of Santo Tomas (UST) Miguel de

Benavides Library in Espaa, Manila, Philippines. There is an
exclusive room in the library that is sectioned into two; the
thesis room and the research/reading room. For UST graduates, the
faculties of medicine and surgery, civil law, and ecclesiastical
law. Non-UST researchers, graduate students, faculty, and other
professionals involved in research are also accommodated, as are
UST undergraduates and senior high school students. However, it
can only be accessed when there is a request letter noted by
their research adviser. The thesis room houses a thesis
collection that is restricted to room-use-only and primarily
consists of master's theses and doctoral dissertations
 The dissertations successfully defended by the students
of the UST Graduate School and Ecclesiastical Faculties of the
various programs offered. The research/reading room has thirteen
(13) computer units with Internet access and forty-eight (48)
individual study cars for study and research. Other facilities
available in the section are the following: free wireless
Internet access; an area for laptop users; and spacious reading
tables. (Miguel de Benavides Library, 2016).

Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan of Cagayan de Oro

City support the teaching and research programs of the university
by providing students and faculty members the materials they need
for academic work. Recreational reading materials are also
available for the interest of the university community. The
University Libraries is one of the largest libraries in the
country. It has wireless internet access, an internet laboratory,
and 14 libraries with several sections. (Xavier University,
2019).

At Malayan High School of Science, Pandacan, Manila, Philippines,

there are three computer laboratory rooms for the Information and
Communication Technology classes designed to accommodate a one-
to-one computer student ratio. The Learning Resource Center
likewise houses computers for Internet research by students. It
is also the student gateway for online journals and encyclopedias
such as Britannica Online, Science Direct, and SAS Curriculum
Pathways. MHSS students who have a Wi-Fi-capable device like a
laptop or smartphone can now connect wirelessly to the Internet
anywhere on the campus.

Facilities Malayan High School of Science (a 2019 YGC Member)

  The study evaluated the Schools Project implemented in

the public high schools of Tarlac Province, Philippines by the
Commission on Information and Communications Technology (CICT) in
partnership with the selected state universities and colleges.

Using survey questionnaires, data was gathered from the

public high school teachers who were the recipients of the
project. To supplement the data from the survey, interviews with
principals and ICT Coordinators and actual observation of classes
in the laboratory were also conducted.
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Findings showed that the beneficiary schools encountered
problems in project implementation. These problems include
hardware failure; difficulty in the use of software packages;
lack of follow-up on capability building; no available internet
connection; limited access to the laboratory; and lack of repair
and maintenance of the equipment in the laboratory. Despite these
problems, however, the project was rated by the teachers as very
satisfactory in terms of project administration, project
components, and project delivery system.

This implies that the project in general was effective in

attaining its objectives, which are ICT integration in education
and bridging the digital divide among public high school
teachers. (Lorenzo, A.2016).

The Effectiveness of the Computer and Internet Literacy Project

in Tarlac Province, Philippines' Public High Schools

Teaching materials are a generic term used to describe the

resources teachers utilize to deliver instruction with ease and
greater effectiveness. Regardless of their variation, these
materials support learning content, allow students to engage in
the concepts' application, and provide an opportunity for
evaluation. With the implementation of R.A.10533, the Enhanced
Basic Education Curriculum, also known as the K-12 Curriculum,
the demand for instructional materials more than doubled as
students stayed in public schools for an additional two (2)
years.

In its initial years, senior high schools greatly

experienced the scantiness of instructional materials in teaching
different subjects. Thus, this paper aimed to aid the scantiness
of instructional materials in Bauan Technical High School.

With this, problems encountered regarding the supply,

usability, and accessibility of instructional materials by so-
called facilitators of learning were explicitly manifested
through questionnaire-guided interviews and focus group
discussion. By Content Analysis, momentous inputs were coded,
interpreted, and validated. Significantly, the study found out
that the most outstanding experience of the respondents in the
teaching learning process was the accumulation of instructional
materials tailored to the needs of the learners and would suffice
the yields of the Department of Education,curriculum guides.

 
 Chapter III
RESEARCXH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, research
environment, research respondents, research instruments, data
gathering procedures, statistical treatment, and the ethical
considerations.

Research Design

The researcher will use the descriptive research design

to find some statistical data about their research study. The
descriptive research is a study designed to depict the
participants in an accurate way. More simply put, descriptive
research is all about describing the characteristics of a
population or phenomenon being studied. The characteristics used
to describe the situation or population are usually some kind of
categorical scheme, also known as descriptive categories.

The study will use a researcher survey form consisting of

five questions that are connected to the topic , and the
questions will be answered by the respondent to find out the
result. It will be the primary instrument of the researcher to
have the data. The respondents must answer the demographic
profile in terms of name, age, gender, grade, and section. The
responses to the question will be scaled using the nominal scale,
which deals with non-numeric variables.
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Research Environment

The study will be conducted in Agusan National High School

WGVV+M5V, A.D. Curato St, Butuan City, 8600 Agusan Del Norte Research
Respondent

Research Respondent
The respondents of the study will be the senior high school
students in Agusan National High School estimated 5000 students,
where the researcher gave a questionnaire to a selected senior
high school student. And we agreed to choose these sections from
STEM 12-lineaus , Fleming , Kepler because those sections in fact
need computer laboratory.

The study will use a researcher survey form consisting

of five questions that are connected to the topic , and the
questions will be answered by the respondent to find out the
result. It will be the primary instrument of the researcher to
have the data. The respondents must answer the demographic
profile in terms of name, age, gender, grade, and section. The
responses to the question will be scaled using the nominal scale,
which deals with non-numeric variables. Research Design

Data Gathering Procedures

In collecting our data first we need to ask for

permission on the head which is our Principal , when the
principal accept it the researcher proceed to the selected grade
12 section Lineaus , Fleming , Kepler STEM BUILDING where they
distributed their survey form to the selected student from these
sections. But before the researcher distributed the survey form
they ask for permission of their teacher or the respondents if
they are okay with it. If they don’t want to then the researcher
wont force them . And whenever they are confused about some
questions then the researchers are ready to assist them.
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Ethical Considerations

This section presents the ethical issues that will be

considered to ensure the respondent’s dignity and protection
before, during and after the conduct of the study. The
researcher’s will observe the following ethical issues and
sustain it. Ethical Considerations
Autonomy. The researcher’s will asked the prospect
respondents in a formal way to become the respondent of the study
and to inform them the purpose of the study and to obtain
respondents’ consent. The respondent’s will be assured that they
could withdraw at any time and that their decision is respected.
The respondent’s will be given enough time to answer the survey
questionnaire.
Beneficence. The rights of the respondents of the study will
be conscientiously observed. The respondent’s will be informed of
the expected results of the study, its usefulness and its
benefits to them prior to the respondent’s consent.
Justice. The researcher’s will observe fairness by
providing the same attention and concerns to all respondents,
such as giving them the same approach and instructions regarding
the questionnaire for clarity and better understanding of the
given questions to avoid misinterpretations. The respondents will
be given enough time to answer the questions.
Privacy and Confidentiality. The researcher’s will inform
the respondents that their personal information would be kept
private and that any information they provided would be
confidential. Moreover, the researchers only provide the
essential information that is needed in the conduct of the study.
All personal information that will be obtained by the
researcher’s refrain from identifying the respondents, and
without their permission, the

information will not be disclosed to others aside from the

research team. The researcher’s will also kept collected
information using codes to ensure the confidentiality of the
respondent’s identity. The answered questions survey instruments
will be shredded and burned after the data will be collected,
collated, and checked.
Non-Maleficence. During the conduct of the study, the
researcher’s will not employ any harm to the respondents. The
respondents’ will also be ensured that their work status would
not be influenced by their involvement in the study, no matter
what the result is.
Veracity. The researcher’s assured the absence of deception
and the principle of truth in the study will be manifested. Al
respondents were adequately informed about the study, and all
information will be presented to them clearly and honestly,
including the researcher’s objectives and benefits.
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Survey Questionnaire

The Use of Computer Laboratory in ANHS SHS Basis for Students

Development and for Academic Purposes

Research Title

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Name: __________________________________________________ Date

: ___________________

Grade and Section: ________________________________________

Score: ___________________

Direction: Please answer the following questions by encircling

the letter of your best choice.

1. Do you think having a computer laboratory in the school gives

changes to the students' performance?

a. Strongly Agree
b. Agree
c. Strongly Disagree
d. Disagree
2. Does access to computers and the internet in the classroom

provide negative and positive effects?

a. Strongly Agree
b. Agree
c. Strongly Disagree
d. Disagree