The Information Flow

GoodDay everyone, Supply Chain Management is important for consumers as it ensures that they get their
favorite products when they need it. On the other hand, it is important for businesses because Supply Chain
Management can help achieve its objectives. For example, in Controlling shipping procedures, it can improve
customer service by avoiding costly shortages or ito yung walang inventory sa stock. In short, supply chain
management allows businesses to increase their profit margins in a variety of ways,
Including sa
inventory management, like finding the balance between too much/not enough stock. And also sa control of
operating expenses, like preventing incorrect orders, distribution errors, etc..
Also, sa settlement of payments, like solving late payments, invoicing missing payments, etc… so ganun

and about naman, businesses with large and international operations, SCM is important dahil it allows
businesses to better compete and in turn, creates value for customers. Accurate information about a supply
chain saves companies money. It helps manufacturers and retailers produce and transport only what they can
sell.

Nd para naman sa how does supply chain affects the procurement management, since

Procurement is one of many branches within the supply chain structure na nagpo- provides ng inputs na
kelangan sa isang business for its day-to-day operations. And Supply chain management is in charge naman
para sa outputs, or how the acquired supplies will turn into finished goods and delivered to customers.

Procurement is responsible in maintaining supply chain transparency and preventing corruption

Procurement is the process of getting the goods and materials your company needs, while supply chain
management is the process of transforming those goods into products and distributing them to customers as
efficiently as possible

The process of getting the goods and materials your company needs, tas yung supply chain management
naman is about the process of transforming those goods into products and distributing them to customers as
efficiently as possible.

So ayun Goodmorning everyone, we are the Group 4 and we are going to discuss the Supply Chain
Management. But before we start, let us lead the prayer

Ayan na parang inaantok na ang lahat kaya play muna tayo. Di related yung pagame namin sa topic pero sana
makipagparticipate ang lahat. Pasensya na pala kay mr.An Godbless kung nandyan man, kulang kasi ang
dancers namin for today’s lesson. Kitams naman kung gano ka dyan kasigla.

Well anyways, this is the rule of the game, The person who wants to read the clue is the one who will name
someone to answer. 

Onga pala, Wala po kaming papremyo for today’s game show, so wag magexpect para di masakit, char ang
masakit lang e pag di nakasagot ay kakainin lang ng aming dancers, so let’s start na ba or hintayin natin silang
matapos sumayaw? Dejok

So ayan parang gusto ni mr.rojero magbasa, medyo connected naman yung sagot sayo kaya ikaw yung
nandyan, tas pagkatapos nya magbasa, magtuturo naman sya ng sasagot para you know. Sensya na sa
kacornyhan nyan pero sana makarelate yung mga none jowas, i-english natin para di masakit char.

Ok correct po, get away from me daw sabi ni mr.cañete kay mr.rojero, dejok, halo halo, so let’s back to the
topic

Ok mali po, pakidampot po si… at pakainin ng halo halo

Ayan ayaw ata

Running man

QUESTIONS
1. What is Supply Management?
2. State 4 flows of Supply management
3. Three P’s in the Procurement Management Process
4. Steps in the Procurement Process
5. Four Elements of Supply Chain Management
6. 4 Rs of Reverse Logistics
Identify what class of Dangerous goods:
7. Hydrogen Peroxide
8. Acid Cleaner
9. C-4
10. What is Customer Relationship management?

ANSWERS
1. The management of the flow of goods and services between businesses and locations. It encompasses the
movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods, as well as end-to-end
order fulfillment from point of origin to point of consumption.
2. Flow of Information, Primary Flow of Product, Primary Flow of Fund, Reverse Product Flow
3. People, Process and Paper
4. Identify internal needs,evaluate and select vendor,negotiate,approve a purchase requisition,create a
purchase order,receive and review vendor invoice,confirm and audit delivery,issue payment and maintain
records
5. Integration, Operations, Procurement, Distribution
6. Returns and Exchanges, Repairs, Replacements, Recycling and Disposal
7. Class 5 – Oxidizers
8. Class 8 – Corrosives
9. Class 1 – Explosives
10. refers to the information technology or software that manages customer information.

1st slide
EXPLANATION SA DIAGRAM:

Good Day everyone, I am Ms. Basagre and I am going to discuss the Basic Supply Chain Diagram and it’s 4
flows, but before that, ano nga ba ulit yung supply chain? supply chain is the management of a network, na
ginagamit to deliver products and services, from the raw-materials to the customers, through physical
distribution, flow of information, and cash.

And in order for you guys to fully understand what supply chain management is, we have simplified the
concept in this figure. And maaaring binubuo ito ng mga organisasyong ito from,

First, a supplier, alam kong familiar na kayo rito kung saan, sila yung provider of goods or services, or sila yung
seller na kung saan may bumibili. Ang supplier ay nagbibigay ng mga materyales, energy, services, or
components para gamitin sa paggawa ng isang produkto o serbisyo. (These could include items as diverse as
sugar cane, fruit, industrial metals, roofing nails, electric wiring, fabric, computer chips, aircraft turbines,
natural gas, electrical power, or transportation services)

Then next, A producer na tumatanggap naman ng services, materials, supplies, energy, and components na
gagamitin sa paglikha ng mga natapos na produkto, tulad ng dress shirts, packaged dinners, air-planes, electric
power, legal counsel, or guided tours. (Note that SCM for services may be more abstract than those for
manufacturing).

Then, Retailers kung saan sila yung umo-order ng products from suppliers or manufacturers and then sell
those products to customers.

And Customers, kung saan sila yung nakakareceive ng shipments of finished products, sila yung sumusuot ng t-
shirts, kumakain ng packaged dinners, sumasakay sa eroplano, or consumers kung tawagin.
Kaya yun, para sa isang matagumpay na supply chain, kailangan natin syempre yung regular na interactions sa
pagitan ng producer at ng consumer. And as you can see naman sating various companies, makikita natin dito
yung kanilang several partners pagdating sa pagiging successful, tulad ng mga distributors, dealers, retailers,
logistic service providers na nakikipagparticipate para sa network of information.

Kaya ang, Supply Chain Management ay ang pagsasama-sama o integration of all activities associated with the
flow, and transformation of goods from raw materials through to end user, as well as information flows,
through improved supply chain relationships, para ma-achieve yung ating sustainable competitive advantage
kung saan ito yung set of assets, characteristics, or capabilities na nagbibigay-daan sa isang organisasyon, na
matugunan ang mga pangangailangan ng mga customers nito, nang mas mahusay kaysa sa nagagawa ng-
kakumpetisyon nito.

Then, next, we have 4 flows na nangyayari sating Supply Chain na makikita natin sa diagram, ito yung, next
slide

2nd slide
Flow of Information
Primary Flow of Product
Primary Flow of Fund and the
Reverse Product Flow

Na ieexplain pa namin further

3rd Slide
And now, kung makikita nyo sa image, yung arrows dito, ito yung difference of their directions,
- Material flow goes at first from suppliers to customers (from upstream to downstream) ito yung from raw
materials to goods
- Reverse flow, ito yung returning to suppliers, if there is any returns for any reason, there will be a reverse flow
of materials or goods (kung upstream to downstream yung material flow, recycle stream naman ang tawag
dito)

-Money Flow naman (from downstream to upstream). Example nito, kung saan yung retailer ay magbabayad sa
distributor, for the goods na natanggap nila mula sa retailer.

-Then Flow of information which happens both ways in the supply chain.

So ayun, itong Flow of information, kung saan it centers on transmitting orders and updating the status of
delivery kung saan ito yung stream na from supplier to customer and from customer back to supplier kaya it
was called bi-directional or it goes both direction in the supply chain na makikita nyo sa arrow ng image na
yan.

4th slide
-this type of information that flows between customers and suppliers includes
-Invoices 
-Sales Literature 
-Specifications 
-Receipts 
-Orders 
So ano nga ba tong mga to?
 
5th slide
So yun, invoices, it is what the seller issued to a buyer bilang pangunahing evidence ng seller to buyer in the sale
of goods and/or properties. Pero ano nga bang difference nito sa receipt?
Invoice vs. Receipt
Invoice- request of payment
Receipt- proof of payment
-In other words, yung Invoice ay ibinibigay bago ipadala ng customer yung bayad nya. Tas yung receipt naman,
ito ay bibinigay pagkatapos matanggap yung bayad. Bago sa Invoice, Pagkatapos yung receipt

6th slide
Ano naman daw pag sinabing Commercial Invoice and Pro-forma Invoice? This invoices kasi ay maeencounter
natin sa field natin kaya ano nga ba sa palagay nyo yung difference nila? Maybe familiar kayo but let’s make it
clear.
Commercial invoice is sent after the goods have been delivered and now, it is time to pay
Pro forma- used before goods are shipped and no payment is required

So yun bale, Commercial Invoice is only submitted sa sandaling magkasundo yung different parties on the exact
amount of payment. Ito ay mandatory for all sea freight, air freight and incoterms shipments na pineprepare with
information tungkol sa kargamento ng buyer, freight forwarder, customs broker, Clearing and forwarding agent (C&F), at
bangko. Example, kung ang isang exporter ay nagpadala ng airfreight sa pamamagitan ng FedEx (FedEx, sila yung isa sa
mga nangungunang logistics company worldwide, example lang), so yun ulit, kung ang isang exporter ay nagpadala ng
airfreight (ito yung pagtransfer and shipment of goods via an air carrier) sa pamamagitan ng FedEx, dapat silang
magbigay ng FedEx commercial invoice. Required ito for any international shipment na may commercial value para
mafulfil natin ang lahat regulations under the export or import country’s customs regulation or kung satin, para ito sa
regulations ni BOC.

In easy words, ito yung record or evidence of the transaction between the exporter and the importer. Kapag available
na yung goods, itong si exporter ay mag-iissue na ng commercial invoice sa importer in order to charge him for the
goods. Ginagamit ito ng mga customs officials para ma-work out nila yung value of the goods being traded. Ito ay para
makapagpataw sila ng mga tariff or kung saan ito yung mga buwis na ipinapataw sa mga imported goods.

Then next, what is Proforma naman?

-It is used before goods are shipped and no payment is required.
-Kung ang commercial invoice ay post invoice, Isipin nyo naman na itong document na ito is a pre-invoice, Ito
yung magpapadala ka ng pro-forma invoice bago tapusin yung trabaho para sa isang customer. Ipinapakita mo
rito sa customer kung magkano yung babayaran nya sa’yo kapag naghatid ka na ng produkto o nakapagsagawa ka na ng
serbisyo. So ayun nga, Commercial ay yung record or evidence na sya, ng naging transaction between the exporter and
the importer while proforma, kumakatawan lang sa pangako, na pwede mo ibigay.

 
7th slide
Sales literature is the collection of materials businesses use to educate customers and help them make buying decisions.
These materials can include pieces such as brochures, price lists, and customer testimonials, that a company uses to
promote its goods, products, or services to the public.

In simple words, para sa flow of information kung from supplier to customer, this materials tulad ng brochures, this will
help suppliers convey their brand, speak directly to their prospects, and will deliver the right amount of information, at
the right time. This will help them communicate, and strengthen their messages to customers, na gusto nilang i-convey
dito.

Next Slide….
And this are some of its examples: so..
Brochures, alam nyo na to syempre, ito na yung common satin as a marketing tool used to publicise or ipasa-publiko
natin yung product or services na meron tayo.

Price lists naman, kung saan it lets us define a specific set of prices. Importante to syempre kasi kapag mas maraming
impormasyon ang nakukuha ng customer sayo, mas nagiging madali naman para sa kanila na malaman yung gusto nilang
malaman.

Customer Testimonials, importante rin ito sa isang kumpanya na ipunin. Di lang nila mahahighlight yung positive
experiences ng existing customers, makakakuha rin sila ng insights.

Companies can be benefited dahil it will help them to establish their credibility and reliability as a business, also, this
help them establish a wide portfolio of clients , and also dahil dito, napapabilis nito yung purchasing process for your
customer.

8th slide  Then…

Specifications, the other information that flows, which are the most detailed method of describing requirements.

And bakit nga ba sya, most detailed? Dahil daw yung iba't ibang uri ng design specifications, are the detailed descriptions
of the materials, parts, and components na gagamitin sa paggawa ng isang produkto. Ito yung mga descriptions na
nagsasabi sa seller kung ano yung gusto ni buyer. Dinidictate nito kung ano yung meron sa product ng company, how
they're produced, and essentially, kung matutugunan ba o hindi, ng produkto na to ang mga pangangailangan ng mga
target consumers nila.

Specifications fulfil two basic purposes:

to communicate what is needed to the supplier,
and to allow measurement as to whether the goods or services delivered meet the required standard. 

Bale purpose nito halimbawa, you have to use this specifications para makatiyak kang, yung supplier nyo, is
nagpoprovide ng kung anong aka-specify sa kontrata nyo. Dapat malinaw yung standard and expectations nyo, sa
supplier tungkol sa outputs ng company, and ng performance requirements.

Another example, sa concrete ingredients, yung ratio and specialties nito ay maaari lamang makita through
specifications. Yes, It is possible to show concrete symbolically sa paraan ng pagdrawing. Pero, it is required pa rin na
magkaron ng explanations tungkol dito, for its ingredients, type and properties of sand, cement or amount of water.
Kaya, specifications should be clear.

There are two broad types of specification: input and output. 

Input specifications describe the technical standards which need to be met, and are sometimes called detailed
specifications. 
So yun technical, or sometimes called as detailed specifications. Sineset nito exactly kung ano yung required, kailan
required, pano idedeliver, for example, itong goods na to ay dapat matapos mamaya. Bale iiinput mo dun, ilan kelangan
matapos, anong oras dapat matapos, yung details dito sa input specification ay dapat clear, by what, when and how.

And Output specifications, such as performance or functional specifications, describe the function that needs to be
performed and the outcomes that need to be met by the solution. 
Dito naman, less specific lang sya, or nagpapaliwanag lamang ito kung bakit ka nag-commission ng proyektong ito in the
first place. Or pinapaliwanag lang dito kung bakit mo gustong magsagawa ng isang project. Bale sapat nang malaman
kung ano yung purpose ng ginagawa mo.
Kung sa example kanina, itong goods na to ay dapat matapos mamaya, yun lang or hanggang dun lang specifications nila,
wala nang what, when, how. Siguro dahil, kunware sa supplier ay dahil meron na silang better understanding sa kung
ano yung gusto nilang ma-achieve, sa umpisa pa lang.

9th slide
So yun, receipt, sabi nga natin kanina, ito ay bibinigay pagkatapos matanggap yung bayad. Add ko na lang, na
importante to for maintaining business records and preparing tax returns. And typically, this includes
-the date and time of the purchase
-the number of items purchased and price totals
-the name and location of the business the items have been bought from
-any VAT charged
-method of payment
-returns policy

10th slide and lastly,

Orders, the another information that flows
Kung saan, this is one of the fundamental functions, of an order management system, and this order
management system, ito ay software na isinama sa functions ng business para maimprove yung productivity
nung kanilang daily operations. Kinukuha nito ang mga order sa pamamagitan ng maraming channel upang ma-enable
yung management of pricing and product configurations. And this is how ordering works, kung gaano kabilis
yung pagtanggap mo ng order messages mula sa customers mo, ay tumutukoy naman ito sa bilis ng pagrespond
ng company nyo..
Gento lang yan, your company needs an accurate and dependable order management system to realize high returns and
build a positive reputation in the market.
Ito yung ilan sa benefits ng efficient Order Mngt. System:

1. Provides reliable data 

This is when companies utilize or gumagamit ng reliable software, makakakuha rin sila ng reliable data crucial in
managing customer orders enabling optimizing the speed of receiving and fulfilling orders to customers.

2. Keeping a balance in stock levels 

Dito naman, It allows businesses to access accurate metrics about sales and inventory levels to ensure na they meet the
demands of their customers.

3. Efficiency in order fulfillment 

This ensures that there are no mistakes in order fulfillment para maiwasan yung pagkalugi. Dahil maaaring magdulot ng
confusion, yung large volumes of customer orders, na maaaring humantong sa maling label na mga package. Kaya ang
pag-automate, ng order fulfillment processes ay makakatulong sa pagbabawas ng risks of inaccuracies, upang
matugunan nila yung high standards of customer service. 

4. Saves time 
Pagka efficient yung order management system natin, this will enable high performance in our operations and
mababawasan natin yung kasayangan sa oras, sa pag-troubleshoot natin ng mga isyu sa order fulfillment process. And
matutulungan tayo nitong lumikha ng oras para sating development strategies, para sa paglago ng ating kumpanya.
 
5. Improving productivity levels 
And lastly, the more efficient your company becomes at fulfilling orders, the more din yung balik ng kita natin, pati
productivity level natin ay tumataas. Itong order management system ay tinitiyak na yung operations natin sa
warehouse, ay tumatakbo nang according sa standards na sinet ng ating company.