SOMLALIT INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A Project Report

On

“Impect On Tourism Industry After Covid-19 In India”

SUBJECT
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Submitted to
Dr. Varimna Singh

MBA Div. A
218077592004 Vatsal Appa
218077592010 Lakshya Matalia
218077592023 Nihal Makvana

Batch: 2021-23
Sem-2
SLIBM
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................1
3. ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................3
4. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................4
5. RESEARCH PROPOSAL.......................................................................................................................5
5.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE................................................................................................................5
6. LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................................................6
7. RESEARCH............................................................................................................................................9
7.1 RESEARCH DESIGN.......................................................................................................................9
7.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD....................................................................................................9
7.3 SAMPLE DESIGN............................................................................................................................9
8. HYPOTHESIS.......................................................................................................................................13
8.1 CHI SQUARE.................................................................................................................................13
8.2 ANOVA..........................................................................................................................................15
10. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY...............................................................................................................16
11. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY.......................................................................................................16
12. DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS................................................................................................................17
13.CONCLUSION………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………20
13. APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………………………………21
14. REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................22
 1. Executive Summary

We are obliged to write Executive Summary Background The spread of Coronavirus has
impacted the tourism sector drastically all over the world. Be it aviation or hospitality,
transportation, tour operators or eateries, every activity related to tourism has been adversely
affected in an unprecedented manner. India has been no exception. During the first wave itself,
the sector was affected the most among all other economic sectors. The industry saw gradual
signs of recovery, post-October 2020, for the next three-four months. However, the sudden
surge in cases from March 2021 onward stalled tourism activities almost completely except for
a few special occasions to selective locations. This grim scenario triggers a thorough
understanding of the estimated losses at a granular level and how to recuperate in the coming
days. A roadmap on recovery is a must not only because tourism is the largest contributor to
the economy and employment, but also because a large chunk of the population of the country
is directly or indirectly linked to activities in the tourism sector. However, the implementation
of any policy measures to support the tourism sector and the affected households requires a
systematic estimation of the losses and requirements of relief. Thus, resilient policies are
needed to address these challenges at all levels to put back the tourism sector on the path it
was traversing before the pandemic..

This study captures the economic losses resulting from the changes experienced during the
entire period of the pandemic with the help of data from different sources that reflect changes
over the said period. The study also probed the likely recovery phases of the tourism sector
post the pandemic in order to understand how the sector would regain its pre-pandemic
position.

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 preface

As a part of the MBA and in order to gain practical knowledge in the field of Research
Methodology, we are required to make a report on “A Comparative Study of Reliance-Jio and
Vodafone” The basic objective behind doing this project is to develop skill of analysis. In the
first project of Research Methodology we have included Research Proposal and Frame
Questionnaire on our topic. This is the second part of the project. In this part we have done
Analysis using SPSSsoftware on the basis of Responses which is collected by our team by
above created Questionnaire. This project report helped us to enhance our knowledge regarding
how to do Research.

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 3. ABSTRACT

The coronavirus (COVID-19), has affected people and businesses all over the world triggering a
global economic crisis. In this the tourism sector is not an exception. The tourism industry has
been totally affected by the spread of COVID19, as many countries have placed travel
restrictions in an attempt to lower its spread. Covid-19 has impacted the travel and tourism
industry across the world covering sectors like hospitality sector, tour operators, travel agents,
air, land and sea transportation industry and others. As per the research made by WTCC, 50
million jobs were lost globally and the pandemic is expected to cost this industry at least USD 22
billion. India is not an exception; tourism has witnessed a significant downfall during 2020. The
purpose of this study is to examine the effect of COVID-19 on the tourism industry overall as
well as in India

sector is easily affected by global crises. It is almost the same day that travelers decide to cancel
or delay their trips, with the spread of the news. More in-depth analyses uncovered several topics
consisted of comments on benefiting from travel insurance and refund due to the travel
cancellations. Travel insurance has become a hot topic, which may be a way of reanimating the
industry by offering travel packages, including travel insurance services.

My present paper is an effort to draw attention towards the problems of this sector.

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 4. INTRODUCTION

The spread of the COVID-19has caused an international health emergency because of its high
risk and infection. The effect of the COVID-19 was strong that it immediately spread almost
over 195 countries. Tourism industry is badly hit during the lockdown due to the restrictions
imposed during the lockdown period. As the cases started to rise in numbers, the government of
India executed a complete lockdown in the country to regulate the spread of the pandemic.
Traveling between the country was blocked by the countries due to pandemic. Travel& Tourism
is considered to be one of the world’s largest economic sectors as creates jobs for many,
generates revenue through exports, and generates prosperity all over the world. The travel and
tourism aim to serve and support domestic and international business and leisure visitors. The
travel industry includes various sectors like airlines, hotels and restaurants, will shrink by 50% in
2020, creating a significant loss of jobs and revenue. According to the International Air
Transport Association (IATA), Airlines worldwide are expected to lose a record of $84 billion in
2020, more than three times the loss made during the Global Financial Crisis, most of the airlines
are undergrounded. Hotels are closed due to a smaller number of tourists and five-star hotels
turning into quarantine facilities- restaurateurs see operating costs rising further because of social
distancing, hygiene, and sanitation-related costs. Hence it is a challenging task for the tourism
industry to sustain during this crises.

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 5. RESEARCH PROPOSAL

5.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

 To understand the customers’ perception about tourism industry.

 To find out what they do after covid-19 in Ahmedabad city.

To find out the customer satisfaction level in traveling after covid-19

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6. LITERATURE REVIEW

It has been revealed that when the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis ends, visitors will be less
inclined to visit a tourism destination, dine at a restaurant, and stay in a hotel than they were
previously. This reflects the fact that we are unable to return to normalcy because the normalcy
we had was the source of the problem. If we return to the old normal, the black swan theory
would be confirmed. Whenever an unprecedented event of major socioeconomic impact occurs,
such as the Covid-19 pandemic, it is inappropriately rationalized, assuming such an occurrence
was predictable, and things return to 'business as usual,' ignoring the benefit of
hindsight Kaushal & Srivastava (2021).

According to this viewpoint, the current pandemic crisis will not result in any significant changes
to the tourism and hospitality sector's future management, operation, and planning, but rather
will continue business as usual in a post-crisis business environment. This is particularly
concerning because we must not overlook the fact that the current pandemic crisis has not only
exacerbated the tourism industry's decline, but also reflects the global hospitality industry's lack
of business resilience and vulnerability Khan & Hashim (2020). Over the last few decades, the
industry has been identified as a major agent of unsustainable business practices, such as over
tourism, taking sustainability for granted, and conducting business in a neoliberal and capitalistic
manner (Batool et al., 2021).

COVID-19 has had a negative impact on the financial, health, and mental well-being of citizens
all over the world. Travel and tourism are regarded as the focal points of global economics and
the financial backbone. Without it, the global economy will suffer greatly in terms of financial,
social, and mental haphazardness in the coming years, according to the World Travel and
Tourism Council (WTTC). The World Tourism Organization (WTTC) highlighted in a report
released by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) that international
tourism has shown a 22 percent decline in Q1, 2020, and the estimated trend of decline by the
end of 2020 is expected to hit 60 to 80 percent. In comparison to the first quarter of 2019, the
industry has already experienced a 67 percent decrease in tourist mobility and a USD 80 billion
loss in tourism exports Palmer (1988).

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Extensive job loss has exacerbated the workers' sense of injustice, vulnerability, and long-
standing challenges in the form of fewer benefits, low wages, and "right on time" labor policies
in the industry. COVID-19 is regarded as a wake-up call for transforming the tourism and
hospitality industries into a more sustainable model that benefits all stakeholders. Tourism has
historically demonstrated significant resilience in the aftermath of disasters and crises on a
regional and international scale. It was frequently possible as a result of coordinated intervention
from regional, local, and national governments assisting businesses through a series of stimulus
packages and incentives such as tax breaks and wage subsidiaries Smith & Goss (1993).

An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December
2019, in the following weeks, infections spread across China and other countries around the
world, resulting in a pandemic (Zu et al., 2020). COVID-19 is a large group of viruses that
creates illness. It ranges from the common cold to more severe diseases like Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (Shubhi & Archna, 2020). The disease, currently there is no
pharmaceutical treatment (Hevia & Neumeyer, 2020). COVID-19 is having major consequences
on the world economy, and experts have predicted that the virus will lower global gross domestic
product growth by one-half a percentage point for 2020 from 2.9% to 2.4% (Gupta et al., 2020).

In 2015, the United Nations launched the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development with 17
goals to transform the world. The overall aim of this agenda was (and it still is) to promote a
more peaceful, resilient, and equitable world while keeping in mind the sustainability of the
planet (The Lancet Public Health, 2020). The array of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
includes health and wellbeing as one of these and assumes it as a priority for all ages (The Lancet
Public Health, 2020).

Wellbeing can be seen as a practice or a process related to living a good life (Buzinde, 2020).
The study of wellbeing has in Positive Psychology one of its main streams since this field is
“(…) the scientific study of the strengths, characteristics, and actions that enable individuals and
communities to thrive” (Seligman, 2013, p. 2).

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 The pandemic is a threat to progress made in the sustainable development goal tree that
looks to ensure health and wellbeing for all (The Lancet Public Health, 2020). It has had
severe consequences in society, the environment, and in people’s health and wellbeing
(Passavanti et al., 2021). Pandemics and other health crises lead to a growth in mental
health problems, influencing tourists’ behaviors, and also their wellbeing (Abbas et al.,
2021). However, COVID-19 will also impact the well-being of those who work in
tourism (McCartney et al., 2021). Unemployment, panic generated by COVID-19, and
lack of social support are considered key hazards to the tourism and hospitality
employees’ perceived wellbeing (Chen, 2020). In already done studies, in the context of
COVID-19, job insecurity has had a significant effect on hotel employees’ anxiety and
depression, and resilience was a moderator reducing the negative impact of job
insecurity in depression (Aguiar-Quintana et al., 2021). Overall, research shows that
COVID-19 pandemic–perceived risk produces uncertainty and fear, leading to increased
stress and vulnerability, and subsequently to a loss of mental wellbeing (Paredes et al.,
2021). Threat severity and susceptibility can trigger fear of traveling, yet it can also lead
to protective travel behaviors. The fear of traveling can induce coping strategies,
increasing individuals’ resilience, and embracing careful travel behaviors (Zheng et al.,
2021).

With te ongoing pandemic tourists, behavior patterns are expected to change, with tourists
preferably choosing destinations with a low number of tourists and good sanitary conditions. A
preference for places with outdoor activities or nature-related are characteristics looked for, as
well as domestic destinations within the residency country. International travel has in
destinations with a low number of COVID cases an attraction factor also (Santos et al., 2020).

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 7. RESEARCH

7.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

A combination of the following 3 methods:

(1) Exploratory

(2) Descriptive

(3) Causal

As our study area need some of the areas to be explored and also some areas which should be
described in detail with its causes.

7.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Primary data- through questionnaire

Secondary data- This part of the research furnishes the research methodology was used in this
study. This study considers December 2020 to January 2021 as its study period. The review of
the research was used secondary data. The data was collected through various magazines,
articles, published access journals, newspapers and public and government portals (websites) for
the study. This study focuses on descriptive research design. The sample design chooses for this
study was illustrative.

7.3 SAMPLE DESIGN

SAMPLE SIZE: - The total sample size of project is 100.

SAMPLING METHOD: - We have used convenience sampling.
SAMPLE UNITS: - Selected respondents associated with tourism industry.

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 8. HYPOTHESIS

8.1 CHI SQUARE

H01: There is no association between gender of the respondents and their awareness regarding
Tourism Industry.

H11: There is association between gender of the respondents and their awareness regarding
Tourism Industry.

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Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
gender * awareness 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%

gender * awareness Cross tabulation

Count
awareness Total

1 2 3

1 47 5 4 56
gender
2 35 8 1 44

Total 82 13 5 100

Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by Contingency
.166 .241
Nominal Coefficient
N of Valid Cases 100
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.

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Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 2.849a 2 .241
Likelihood Ratio 2.945 2 .229
Linear-by-Linear
.002 1 .964
Association
N of Valid Cases 100

a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The

minimum expected count is 2.20.
This test is applicable in order to understand the dependency relation between 2 variables. From
the table, it is observed that Pearson Chi-Square significance value is 0.241 which is more than
0.05. Thus, Null Hypothesis is accepted which means that there is no significant relationship
between gender of respondents and their awareness regarding Tourism Industry.

8.2 ANOVA
H02: There is no association between income of the respondents and which website they do
prefer using to compare Tourism Industry.

H12: There is association between income of the respondents and which website they do prefer
using to compare Tourism Industry.

Income
Sum of df Mean Square F Sig.
Squares
Between Groups 5.293 3 1.764 .922 .433
Within Groups 183.617 96 1.913
Total 188.910 99

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Here, the significance is level is more than 0.05, i.e. 0.433 > 0.05, which says to accept the null
hypothesis, stating that there is no association between income of the respondents and which
website they do prefer using to compare Tourism Industry.

10. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY

 To the researcher(students)
 To the educational institute
 To the respondents

11. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 Due to the limited time only few people were selected for the study.

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  The main source for the study was primary data with the help of self-administered
questionnaire. Hence the chances of unbiased information are less.

12. DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS

The data analysis tools we used for our study are Chi-square and Anova test using SPSS
software. And the use of excel for coding and analytical purpose.

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13. APPENDIX

For validation purpose, we required some personal details. As we earlier

mention, we will use this data only and solo purpose of project. we are
assuring of data provided by you.

Full name -______________________

Your Gender?
o Male
o Female
o
o Other

What is your age?

O 0 - 20

o 21-40

o 41-60

o 61 and above

1. How often do you travel outstation after Covid-19?

o Once in a year
o Once in 6 months
o Once in 6 months
o Every month
o Every week

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2. How do you plan your trip after cvid-19?
o By yourself
o Through a travel agent

3. What is most common type purpose of your travel?

o Family vacation
o Adventures
o Business
o Spiritual
o Religious

4. What mode of transportation do you opt?

o Car
o Bus
o Train
o Airplane
o Other:__________

5. Where do you go most often?

o Hill stations
o Beaches
o Deserts
o Historically significant places

6. Have you travelled internationally after covid-19?

o Yes
o No

7. With whom, Do you travel most often?

o Family

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 o Friends
o Colleagues
o Alone

8. Where do you like to stay?

o Expensive hotels
o Economy hotels
o Resorts

9. Do you have membership in any holidays clubs?

o Yes
o No

10. If you had atrip after covid-19 what was the length of that trip?
o 1-2 days
o 3-5 days
o A week
o A fortnight
11. how much do you spend on an average?

o Upto 5,000
o 5000-15000
o 15000-25000
o Above 25000

12. Do you wish to go for a world tour?

o Yes
o No
o Maybe

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 Conclusion

The coronavirus outbreak will lose tourist traffic from other countries to India, affecting tourism
and related industries, this has a major impact on the tourism industry. This study is about the
impact of Indian tourism on coronavirus and delivers helpful information on COVID-19 and
preventive measures. The government should take immediate steps to overcome this outbreak
and give tourism its original shape.

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 Bibliography

[1] MANIKANTH, SHARMA (2017) TOURISM MARKETING IN INDIA: A CASE

STUDY: PACIFIC BUSINESS REVIEW INTERNATIONAL VOLUME 10 ISSUE 5,
NOVEMBER 2017.
[2] STATUE OF LIBERTY: THE TIMES OF INDIA, MAR, 06, 2020
[3] INDIA SERVICES – TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SERVICES, LATEST NEWS,
SECTOR OVER VIEW
[4] PNEUMONIA OF UNKNOWN CAUSE – CHINA: DISEASE OUTBREAK NEWS,
GENEVA: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, JANUARY 5, 2020
[5] WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION: STANDARD RECOMMENDATIONS TO
PREVENT INFECTION SPREAD, FIRST GUIDANCE ON THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS
ON JAN, 10, 2020
[6] COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS IMPACT ON INDIA TOURISM AND TRAVEL – INDIA:
TRAVEL NEWS GROUP, MARCH 6, 2020
[7] ICONIC TOURIST SPOTS IN INDIA SEE DECLINE IN FOOTFALL AS POSITIVE
CORONAVIRUS CASES RISE, MARCH 5, 2020
[8] INDIAN TRAVEL INDUSTRY SUFFERS LOSSES AS HIGH AS RS. 200 CRORE DUE
TO CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK, INDIAN TODAY, MARCH 2, 2020
[9] TRAVEL BOOKINGS TAKE A HIT DUE TO CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK: THE
ECONOMIC TIMES, FEB 04, 2020
[10] CORONAVIRUS HAS NO IMPACT ON GOA TOURISM: LIVE MINT, 05 MAR 2020

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THANK YOU

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