p

Musi
candAr
ts
Quar
terI
I
 MUSI
COFAFRI
CA

Youmi ghtknowt hecont i

nentofAf ri
caasapl acewi t
hj ungles,desserts,wil
danimals,andi sblazingl y
hotbutt hisareaoft hepl anetisact uall
ysomeoft heol destinhi stor
y.Thef irstknownspeciesofmanwas
excavatedf rom t
hisr egion.It
smusi cisal sosomeoft heear l
i
esti ntime.Musi chasbeenav it
alpar toft he
l
ivesofAf ri
cans.Itwaspr imaril
yper formeddur ingritual
si nthemonument alpar t
soft hei
rlivesl i
kebi rth,
marriage,deathandwar .Musicwasusual lyper formedwi thdancingasapar tofgat heri
ngswhet heritissoci al
orpolit
ical.
Afri
canmusi ci soneoft hemosti nfl
uent i
alstylesofmusi cinthewor ld.Ithasgreatl
yi nfl
uencedt he
musicofCont empor aryAmer i
ca,Lat inAmer i
caandEur opeanmusi c.It
shi ghlyenergeti
candr hythmi cally
chall
engingbeat sarequi teuniversal.Jazz,GospelandSpi r
it
ual,andRnBar egenr esofmusi cthathav edeep
rootstoAf ri
canmusi c.
Themusi cofAf r
icaist hepr oductoft hedi versehistory,topography,anduni quemusi calheritageof
mor ethan50count r
ies.Itisther esultofthef usionoft radi
ti
onalandEur opeani nfl
uenceswhichwasar esul t
ofthecol oni
zati
onofEur opetot hemaj ori
tyoft hecont i
nentuntilthe19t hCentur y
.

TRADI
TIONALMUSI COFAFRI CA
Afri
cantradit
ionalmusicismainl
yfunctionali
nnat ur
ewhi chisusedprimar
il
yinceremoni
alri
tes,
such
asbi
rt
h,death,marri
age,successi
on,
worship,andspiriti
nvocati
ons.Othersarewor
krelat
edorsoci
alinnatur
e,
whi
lemanytradit
ionalsoci
eti
esv i
ewthei
rmusi casaf orm ofentert
ainment.

SomeTy
pesofAf
ri
canMusi
c

Afrobeat–I tisat erm usedt odescr ibethef usionofWestAf ri

canwi t
hBlackAmer icanmusi c.
Apal a(Akpal a)-Itisamusi calgenr efrom Ni ger
iaintheYor ubat ri
balstyl
et owakeupt hewor shi
ppersaft
er
fastingdur ingt heMusl i
m holyf eastofRamadan.
Axe-I tisapopul armusi calgenr ef r
om Sal vador,Bahia,andBr azi
l.I
tf usest heAf r
o-Caribbeanstylesof
mar cha, r
eggae, andcal ypso.
Jit-I tisahar dandf astpercussi v
eZi mbabweandancemusi cpl ayedondr umswi thgui t
araccompani ment
i
nfluencedbymbi ra-basedgui tarstyles.
Jive-I tisapopul arform ofSout hAf ri
canmusi cfeaturi
ngal ivelyanduni nhibitedv ari
ati
onoft heji
tt
erbug,a
form ofswi ngdance.
Juju-I tisapopul armusi cst yl
ef rom Nigeriathatreli
esont het raditi
onalYorubar hy t
hms.Adr um kit
,keyboard,
pedal steel guitar,andaccor dionar eusedal ongwi ththetradi
tional dun-dun( t
alkingdr um orsqueezedr um).
KwassaKwassa–I tisamusi cst yl
et hatbeguni nZaireinthel ate1980’ spopul ari
zedbyKandaBongoMan.I n
thi
sdancest yl
e,thehi psmov ebackandf orthwhi l
ethear msmov efoll
owingt hehips.
Mar abi–I tisaSout hAf ri
cant hree-chordtownshi pmusi cofthe1930s- 1960swhi chev olvedintoAfri
canJazz.
I
ti schar acterizedbysi mplechor dsi nv aryi
ngv ampi ngpatter nsandr epetit
ivehar monyov eranext ended
periodoft i
me.

MUSI
CALI
NSTRUMENTSOFAFRI
CA

Afr
icanmusichasav er
ywi der
angeofgenres.I
tincl
udesallt
hemajorinst
rumentalgenresofwest
ernmusi
c
i
ncl
udingst
ri
ngs,winds,andper
cussi
on,al
ongwi t
hat remendousvar
iet
yofspecifi
cAfricanmusi
cal
i
nst
rumentsforsol
oorensembl epl
ayi
ng.Getreadytolear
ntheirmostpopulari
nst
rument s!

Cl
assif
icat
ionofTr
adi
ti
onalAfri
canInst
rument
s
A.I
diophones–Soundi sproducedbythebodyoft
hei
nst
rumentv
ibr
ati
ng.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1.Agogo-I ti
sasi nglebellormul t
iplebel lsandisconsi deredast heoldestsambai nstrumentbasedonWest
AfricanYor ubasi ngleordoubl ebells.Ithast hehi ghestpit
chofanyoft hebat eriainstruments.
2. Sheker e–I tisat ypeofgour dandshel l megaphonef rom WestAf r
ica, consistingofadr i
edgour dwith
beadswov enintoanetcov eri
ngt hegour d.
3. Sli
t/Logdr um –I tisahol l
owper cussioni nstr
ument .Althoughknownasadr um, i
tisnotat r
uedr um butis
ani diophone.I ti
susual l
ycarv
edorconst ructedfrom bambooorwoodi ntoaboxwi thoneormor esli
tsinthe
top.
4.AtingtingKon( Sli
tGong)–I tisahol l
owedcy l
inderofwoodwi thanar rowl ongi tudinalopeningorslitwhose
edgesar estruckt opr oduceadeep, sonor oustone.Theyar econsideredt obepor traitsofancestorssot hat
whenpl ayed,itisthev oi
cesofawakenedancest orswhichr esonatefrom t hei
rint eriorchamber .
5.Balafon–I tisaki ndofwoodenxy lophoneorper cussionidiophonewhi chplay smel odi
ctunes.Ithasbeen
playedi nther egionsi ncethe1300s.I nthe16thcent ury,
itbecamear eal artatther oyalcourtofSikasso/Mali
andwasf l
ourishingundert hereignofagener ouski ng.

B.Membr
anophones–Soundi
spr
oducedbyt
hev
ibr
ati
onofat
ight
lyst
ret
chedmembr
ane.
 1. Bodyper cussion-ItreferstoAfri
canmusi cusingtheirbodiesasi nstrument s.
Theirbodycanbeusedt opr oducesoundbycl appingtheirhands,sl appingt heir
thi
ghs,poundi ngtheirupperar msorchest s,orshuf fl
ingt heirfeet.Wear ingof
ratt
lesorbel l
sont heirwrists,ankl
es,arms,andwai st
senhancest heiremot i
onal
response.
2. Tal kingdrum – I tisusedt osendmessagest oannouncebi rths,deat hs,
mar ri
ages,sport
ingevents,dances,init
iati
onsorwar .I
tisbel i
evedt hatthedr ums
cancar r
ydi r
ectmessagest ot hespir
it
saf t
ert hedeat hofalov edone.
3. Dj embe-TheWestAf r
icandjembe( pronouncedzhem- bay)isoneoft hebest -
knownAf ricandrums.Iti
sshapedl i
keal argegobl etandplayedwi t
hbar ehands.The
bodyi scarvedfr
om ahol l
owedt r
unkandi scov eredwi t
hgoatski n.

C.Lamel
laphone–Soundi
spr
oducedbyt
hev
ibr
ati
onoft
onguesofmet
al,
woodorot
hermat
eri
al

1. Mbira( Kali
mba/ThumbPi ano)–I tisasetofpl uckedt i
nesorkey smount edon
asoundboar d.Itisbeingpl ayedbyhol di
ngt heinstrumenti nt hehandsandpl uckingt he
tineswi ththet humbs.Theyusedt hisi
nstrumentt odr i
veawayev i
lspiri
tssincei tis
bel i
evedt hatitwasav ectorofcommuni cationwi t
hancest orsandspi ri
ts.
2.ArrayMbi ra–I tisahand- cr
aftedi nst rumentwi thauni quehar porbel l-l
i
kesound.I tisa
populartradit
ionalinstrumentoft heShonapeopl ei nZimbabwe.I tisar adicalredesi
gnoft he
Afr
icanMbi r
aandi tconsistsofupt o150met al t
inesat t
achedt oawoodenboar d,compr ising
uptof i
veoct aves.
D.Chordophones–Soundi spr oducedbyt hev ibr ationofast r
ingorst ri
ngst hatar est r
etchedbet ween
fi
xedpoi nts.
1.Musicalbow-TheMusi calbowi st heancest orofallstringinstrument s.Iti
st heoldestand
oneoft hemostwi dely-usedst r
ingi nst rument sofAf ri
ca.Itconsistsofasi ngl
est ri
ngat tached
toeachendofacur vedst i
ck,simil
art oabowandar r
ow.
2.Zeze- TheZezei sanAf r
icanf iddleplayedwi thabow, asmal lwoodenst i
ck,orpl ucked
wit
hthe fingers.Ithasoneort wost ri
ngs,madeofst eelorbi cyclebrakewi r
e.Itisfrom
Sub- Sahar anAf ri
ca.
E.Aerophones–Soundi sproducedt hroughthev ibrat i
onofair.

1. Ful
ani–Iti
sat ypeoffl
utewhichi
swidelyusedthr
oughoutAfricaandei
ther
ver
ti
calorsi
de-bl
own.Theyareusuall
yfashi
onedfrom asi
ngletubeclosedatoneend
andblownli
keabottl
e.
2. KuduHorn–I ti
smadef rom t
hehornofthekuduantel
ope.It
ssoundr el
easesa
mell
owandwar m soundthataddsauniqueAfr
icanaccenttothei
rmusi c.
Activi
ty1
Direct
ions.Completethet abl
ebelow.Classi
fyt heinst
rument
saccor di
ngtot hei
rclassif
icat
ionofsounds
(Aerophone,Chordophone,Idi
ophone,Lamellaphone orMembr anophone)and descri
bet hemostdisti
nct
featur
eofeachinstrument.Copyandanswerthetablebelowonasheetofpaper.
I
nstr
ument s Classi
fi
cati
on MostDisti
nctFeatur
e

1.Mbi
ra

2.BodyPer
cussi
on

3.Zeze

4.KuduHor
n

5.Sheker
e

MUSI COFLATINAMERI CA
Themusi cofLat
inAmeri
caist
heproductofthr
eemajori
nfl
uences–I ndi
genous,Spani
sh-Portuguese,
and
Afr
ican.Someti
mescall
edLati
nmusic;i
tincl
udest
hecountr
iesthathaveacoloni
alhist
oryfrom Spainand
Portugal
,di
vi
dedint
othefol
l
owingar on,
easofAndeanRegi CentralAmeri
ca,Cari
bbeanandBr azil
.

I
NFLUENCESONLATI NAMERI CANMUSI C
1.I
ndigenousLat in-Amer i
canMusic–Thenat i
veswerefoundtobeusi nglocaldrum andpercussion
i
nstrument s.Thei ndigenousmusicofLatinAmer i
cawaslargel
yfunctionali
nnature,bei
ngusedf orrel
igi
ous
worshipsandcer emoni es.
2.NativeAmer ican/I ndianMusic-Theethnicandcul
tur
algroupsoft hepri
ncipalNat
iveAmer i
cansshar e
manysi mi l
aryetdi sti
nctiv
emusicelements.Songshadawi derangeofv ol
umel evel
s.Songscelebratethemes
l
ikeharv est
,plantingseasonorot heri
mpor t
antevent
soroccasionsoft heyear.
3.Afro-Lati
nAmer icanMusi c-TheAfr
icaninfl
uenceonLati
nAmer icanmusi cismostpronouncedi nit
sr i
ch
andv ari
edr hyt
hmicpat t
ernsproducedbydr umsandv ari
ouspercussioni
nstr
ument s.
4.Euro-LatinAmericanMusic-Thedi ff
erentregi
onsofLatinAmericaadoptedvari
ouschar act
eri
sti
csfrom
thei
rEur opeancolonizer
s.MelodiesoftheRenaissanceperi
odwer eusedinSouthernChileandtheColombian
Pacif
iccoast s.
5.MixedAmer i
canMusi c-Ther esul
tofthemassi v
einfusi
onofAf r
icancul
tureal
sobr oughtaboutthe
i
ntroduct i
onofothermusi canddancef ormssuchast heAfro-
Cubanr umba,Jamaicanreggae,Colombian
cumbi a,andtheBrazili
ansamba.

MUSICALI
NSTRUMENTSOFLATI NAMERICA
Thev ari
edcult
uresdevelopedi
nLati
nAmer i
cagaveri
setodi
ff
er entty
pesofwindandpercussi
on
i
nstr
uments.Assomei nstrumentswer
econsider
edholyandmusicwassupposedt oglor
if
ythegods,
mist
akesi
npl ayi
ngtheseinstr
umentswereconsi
deredoff
ensi
veandinsult
ingtot
hem.

A.AztecandMay anI nstrument s

Theseareinst rument st hatweredur i
ngt heAz tecEmpi r
e(c.1345-1521CE)andMay anCiv i
li
zati
on
(1800BC–AD950) .Azt ecandMay anpeopl earepeopl ewhol i
vedinSout hernMexi coandNor t
hernCent ral
AmericaCentral
.
1.Tlapitzall
i –Itisaf l
utev ari
etyf r
om theAzt eccult
uremadeofcl aywi t
hdecor ati
onsofabst r
act
designsori magesoft heirdeit
ies.
2.Teponazt l
i –ItisaMexi canslitdrum hollowedoutandcar vedf rom api eceofhar dwoodwi th
designsr epr esentinghumanf i
gur esoranimal stobeusedf orbot hr eli
giousandr ecreati
onal
purposes.
3.Conch–I tisawi ndinstrumentmadef rom aseashel l
usuallyofal argeseasnai l
.Itisprepared
bycut ti
ngahol ei nitsspineneart heapex, andthenblowni ntoasi fitwer eat r
umpet .
Rasp–I tisahandper cussioninst r
umentwhosesoundi sproducedbyscr api
ngagr oupof
notchedst i
ckswi t
hanot hersti
ck, creat
ingaser i
esofr att
li
ngef f
ect s.
4.Huehuet i–I tisaMexi canupr ighttubulardrum usedbyt heAzt ecsandot herancient
civi
li
zations.I tismadeofwoodopenedatt hebot t
om andst andingont hreelegscutf rom the
base, withitsst ret
chedski nbeat enbyt hehandorawoodenmal l
et .

B.IncanInst
ruments
Theseareinstr
umentt hatwerebeingpl ayedduri
ngtheci
v i
l
izat
ionofIncabet
weenc.1400and1533CEi nPr
e-
ColumbianAmer i
ca,whichwascent eredinwhatisnowPeru.TheIncasbuil
toneofthel
argest
,mostti
ght
ly
control
l
edempi r
esthewor ldhasev erknown.
1.Ocar
ina-Itisananci entvesselfl
utemadeofclayorceramicwit
hfourt
o12f i
ngerhol
esanda
mouthpiecethatpr
oject edfrom t
hebody.

2.Zampoñas(Panpi
pes)–Theseareanci
enti
nst
rument
stunedt
odi
ff
erentscal
arv
ari
eti
es,
pl
ayedbyblowingacr
ossthet
ubetop.
C.AndeanI
nstr
uments

Thesear etheinstrumentst hatwerebei

ngplay
edduringtheAndeanCivi
li
zat
ion(
c.3000BCE–1537)
.
Thisciv
il
izati
onisconsi deredindigenousandnotderivedf
rom otherci
vi
li
zat
ionsmainl
ybecauset
heycame
fr
om theriverval
leysofthecoast aldesser
tsofPer
u.

1. Si
ku-I ti
saside-
blowncanef lut
ethatispl
ayedal
l y
earr ound.
2. Tarkas-Thesearever
ti
cal ductfl
uteswit
hamout hpiecesimil
art
othatofa
recor
der,usedduri
ngtherai
nyseason.
3. Quenas–Thesear evert
icalcaneflut
eswithanend-notchedmadefrom f
ragi
l
e
bamboo.Theyar eusedduri
ngthedr yseason.
D.Mar
iachi

Iti
sanextremelypopul
arbandinMexicowhoseori
ginalensembleconsi
stedofviol
i
ns,
guit
ars,
har
p, andanenor
mousguitarr
on.Mari
achi
musi cisextr
emelypassionat
eand
I
magef
i
nSuni
r
om
co,et
.al
, romanti
cwiththei
rbl
endedharmoniesandchar
act
eri
zedbycat chyrhyt
hms.

Act
ivi
ty2MatchingTy
pe.Mat
chtheinst
rument
si nthefi
rstcol
umntot
hei
rcor
respondi
ngdescr
ipt
ionsi
n
t
hesecondcolumn.Wri
tey
ouransweronaseparatesheetofpaper
.

1.Tl
apit
zall
i a.Itssoundcreatesaseriesofr att
li
ngeffect
s.
2.Teponazt
li b.Itisaside-
blowncanef lutethatispl
ayedallyearr
ound.
3.Conch c.Itisbei
ngplayeddur i
ngt hedryseason.
4.Rasp d.Itisanancientvesselfl
utemadeofcl ayorcer ami
c.
5.Huehueti e.Itismadeofcl aywithdecorationsofabstr
actdesi
gns.
6.Ocari
na f.
Itisplay
edbybl owingacrosst hetubet
op.
7.Zampoña g.Itismadefrom aseashel lusuall
yofalargeseasnail
.
8.Sike h.Iti
sanuprighttubul
ardrum usedbytheAzt
ecs.
9.Tarkas i
.ItisaMexicanslitdr
um.
10.Quenas j
.1Itisbei
ngplayedduringtherai
nyseason

POPULARMUSI C
Remembert hatJazzmusi cisal l
aboutsy ncopati
on,i
mpr ovisationandpol yrhy t
hms.Now, youar eready
toexplorethemusi cgenr ethatyouar epr obabl ymostf amili
arwith, t
hePopul arMusi c.Iam surethatyouwant
toknowmor eaboutPopul arMusi c.
Popularmusi cliteral
lymeans“ musi coft hepopulace”whi chi ssi mil
art otraditi
onalfol
kmusi coft he
past.Asi tdev el
opedi nt he20t hcent ur y
,popmusi cgener al
lyconsi stsofmusi cf orentert
ainmentofl arge
numberofpeopl e,whet heronr adioorinl i
v eperf ormances.
Scholarshav ecl assifi
edmusi cas" popul ar"basedonv ari
ousf act ors,includi
ngwhet herasongorpi ece
becomesknownt olist
ener smai nlyfrom hear i
ngt hemusi c(incont rastwi thclassicalmusic,inwhichmany
musiciansl earnpi ecesf rom sheetmusi c);itsappealt odi ver
sel isteners,itstreatmentasamar ketplace
commodi t
yinacapi t
ali
stcont ext,andot herf actors.Sal
esof' r
ecordings' orsheetmusi careonemeasur e.

BALLADS
Balladsor i
ginat edasanexpr essi vef olksongi nnarrati
vev er
sedeal i
ngt ypical
lyaboutl ov e.Thewor di sderived
from bot ht hemedi evalFr ench“ chansonbal ladee”and“ ball
ade”whichr eferstoadanci ngsong.I twasusedby
poet sandcomposer ssi ncet he18t hcent ur yunti
litbecameasl ow popul arl ovesongi nthe19t hcent ury
.
Today ,i
tref erst oalovesongi nasl i
ght l
ypoporr ockstyle,wit
ht hefol
lowi ngv ariat
ions:
A.Bl uesBal lads-af usionofAngl o-Amer i
canandAf r
o-Amer i
canst yl
esf rom t he19t hcent ur
yt hatdeal swith
theant i-
her oesr esi
stingaut hor it
y .Thef orm emphasi zesthechar act eroft heper f
or mermor et hant he
narrat i
vecont ent,andusesabanj ooragui tarasaccompani ment .
B.PopSt andar dandJazzBal lads-abl uesst yl
ebuiltfr
om asi ngleverseof16bar sendi ngont hedomi nantor
half-cadence, foll
owedbyar efr ain/chor uspar tof16or32bar sinAABAf or m.TheBsect ionactsast hebr i
dge,
andt hepiecenor mal
lyendswi thabr iefcoda.
C.PopandRockBal lads-anemot i
onall ovesongwi thsuggest i
onsoff olkmusi c.Thi sstyleissomet i
mes
appl i
edt ost rophi c(v
er se-repeat ing)st ory-
songs.
STANDARDS
Inmusi c,thet erm“ standar d”isusedt odenot ethemostpopul arandendur ingsongsf rom apar ti
culargenr eor
style.Itsst yleismost l
yinasl owormoder atetempowi t
har elaxedmood.I tfeat ur
eshi ghlysingablemel odies
wi t
hint her angeandt echni calcapaci tyoflisteners.

ROCKANDROLL
Rockandr olli
sthecombi nat
ionofAfro-
Amer icanfor mssuchast heblues,j
umpblues,j
azz, andgospelmusic
withtheWest ernswi ngandcountrymusi c.Thel eadi nstrumentswer ethepianoandsaxophoneandwer e
event
uall
yr eplaced bymoder ninstr
ument s.Thisf or
m camedur i
ng theagewhen el ect r
icguitar
swere
suppl
ement edbyampl i
fi
ersandmi cr
ophonest oraiset hev ol
ume.Itsnamei sderiv
edf r
om t hemot i
onofa
shipontheocean,“ rockandr ol
l
.”Thegr eatestproponentoft herockandr ol
lstyl
ewast helegendaryEl
vi
s
Presl
ey.Hishi tsongssuchas“ Heartbr
eakHot el
”and“ BlueSuedeShoes”wer ecomplement edbyhisgood
l
ooksandel aboratemov ementst
hatincl
udedhuggi ngthemi cr
ophoneashesang.

DISCO
Anotherform ofpopmusi cknownas“ Disco”r osei
n70s.Thistypeofmusi cpertainedt or ockmusi cthatwas
moredanceabl e,thusl eadingtot heestablishmentofv enuesforpublicdanci ngalsocal leddi scos.Theterm
ori
ginat
edf rom theFrenchwor d“ di
scotheque”whi chmeansal ibrar
yf orphonogr aphr ecor ds.Thediscostyl
e
had a soar i
ng and r everberati
ng sound r hythmi
call
ycontroll
ed bya st eadybeatf orease ofdanci ng
accompani edbyst r
ings,hor ns,
electri
cguitars,andelect
ri
cpianosorsy nthesizer
s.
Famousf iguresoft hedi scogenr eincl
udeABBA,DonnaSummer( “TheQueenofDi sco”),TheBeeGeesand
Glori
aGay nor,br
ingingussuchhi tsas“ Danci ngQueen”,“
Stay
in’Al
ive”,“BoogieWonder land” ,and“HotStuff”
.

POPMUSI C
Paral
lelwitht hedi
scoera,otherpopmusi csuper star
sconti
nuedt
oemer ge.Amongt hem wer
eDi anaRoss
andtheSupr emes(StopintheNameofLov e),Oli
viaNewtonJohn(Hopel
esslyDevotedtoYou),El
tonJohn
(Skyl
i
nePi geon)andTheCar pent s(
er We’v
eOnl yJustBegun).
Popsuper starsinmorerecenty earswer
eCel i
neDi on(MyHeartWil
lGoOn) ,Whit
neyHouston(IWi l
lAl
ways
LoveYou) ,Mar i
ahCarey(Hero),Beyonce(Li
sten),LadyGaga(BadRomance),andBrunoMar s(
JustTheWay
YouAr e)andmanymor e.
MichaelJackson, “
TheKingofPop”

HIPHOPANDRAP
Hiphopi sasty
li
z ed,
highlyrhythmi
ctypeofmusicthatusuall
yincludesportionsofrhyt
hmicall
ychantedwor ds
call
edr ap.Rapischar act
erizedbytheart
istspeaki
ngalongwi thani nstr
ument alorsynt
hesizedbeat.I
thas
evolvedint
oasubcul t
urethatencompassesmusi cli
kerapping,DJ’i
ng, scr
atchingandbeatboxing.Amongt he
earl
yhiphopartistswereLLCoolJandRunD. M.C.Whilerecentpopularnamesi ncl
udeBeasti
eBoy s,Eminem
andKany
eWest
.

PHILIPPI NEPOPULARMUSI C
From theat ertunest or ockandr oll
,pop, standards, hiphop, rap,andcont emporaryballads—whet herin
theWest ,inthePhi li
ppi nes,orany wher eelsei nt hewor l
d—t heseal lprov i
dedar i
chanddi versemusi cal
backgroundi nthedev elopmentofPhi l
ippinecont empor ar ymusi c.
Thedev elopmentofPhi li
ppinemusi cwasal soi nf l
uencedbyt hehi storyofthecount ry—f rom itspr e-
Spanishr oots,throught heSpani shandAmer i
canper i
ods,upt ot hepr esent .I
thassi nceev olvedt ohav eits
ownr i
chanddi stinctident i
ty.
Youhav ebeenhear i
ngt het erm OPM i nmanyent ertainmentpor talsbutar eyouawar eofi t
smeani ng?
Theacr ony m OPM st andsf orOr iginalPi noyMusi cwhi chi sagenr eunderCont emporaryPhi l
ippineMusi c.It
wasor iginall
yusedt or efert oPhi li
ppinepopsongs,par ticul
arlyballads,suchast hosepopul araf terthe
coll
apseofi tspredecessor ,theMani laSound, i
nt helate1970sunt il
thepr esent
OPM st artedi nMani l
awher eTagal ogandEngl ishar ethedomi nantl anguagesf ori
tst exts.Howev er,
otheret hnoli
nguist i
cgr oupssuchast heVi sayan,Bi kol ,Kapampangan,andI locanoalsobegant osi ngand
recordtheirsongsi ntheirnativedi alects.
Popmusi ci nthePhi li
ppinesst artedasanadapt ation
ortranslati
on,ifnotcompl eteimi tation,ofWest ernhits.I tstartedwi t
hBobbyGonzal es’“Hahabol -
habol ”(Hot
Pursuit
),al ocalver si
onoft her ockandr ollsongsoft he1950s,andRi coPuno’ sLuneta,alocaladapt ationof
TheWayWeWer e.Thi simmedi atelyclickedwi tht heyout handev entuall
ygai nedwi deacceptanceev enamong
the“burgis”(bourgeoi sorel it
e)cr owd.

PHILIPPI
NEJAZZ
Phi
lippi
nemusi ci
anshavealsobeeni
nspir
edbyj azzmusic.Amongt hem arejazzpiani
standr ecordi
ngar t
ist
BoyKat i
ndig,whocomesf rom t
hewell-
knowncl anofmusi ci
anst hatincl
udesj azzpianol egend,Romy
Kati
ndigandsaxophonist,Eddi
eKati
ndi
g.TheKat i
ndi
gfamilypi
oneer edLati
nj azzinManila.Ot hernotable
Fi
li
pinojazzmusi ci
ansi
ncludeLit
oMolina,AngelPeña,EmilMij
ares,andi nt
ernati
onal
lyknownj azzpianist
,
BobbyEnriquez.

PHI
LIPPI
NEROCK
©HORI
ZONSGr
ade10Lear
ning

They ear1973sawt hebi

rthofPhili
ppineor“ Pi
noy”rockmusicwhichsuccessfull
ymer gedtherockbeatwi t
h
Fi
li
pinol y
rics.Thi
snew soundwasi ntroducedbyt helegendar
yJuandel aCr uzBand,wi t
ht hei
rsong“ Ang
HimigNat i
n”.
Conti
nuingt hi
slegacyofPinoyrocktodayarev ocalgr
oupsandbandsthatincludeRiver
Maya, TheDawn, TrueFai
th,TheEraserheads,Wolfgang,Bamboo,Par
okyani Edgar,
Hale,Sandwich,Sugar
Free,
SpongeCol aandot her
s.

PHI LI
PPINEALTERNATI VEFOLKMUSI C
ThePhi l
ippi
nesal sosawt heriseofal
ter
nativ
ef ol
kmusi cwhichwasdi ff
erentf
rom t
het r
adi
ti
onalandpopul ar
form.Thi snew f or
m combi ned et
hnicinstr
ument at
ion wit
h el
ectroni
caccompani ment,whi l
epr esenti
ng
themesori ssuesofsoci et
yandt heenvi
ronment .Someoft heFil
i
pinocomposer swhochampi onedthisstyl
e
wer eJoeyAy ala,GraceNono,andEdr uAbraham.Amongot herFi
li
pinocomposer swhosestylesrangedf r
om
folktosemi-ethnicwereFreddieAguil
ar“
Anak”,YoyoyVi l
l
ame“ Magell
an”,andFlor
ante“Ako’
yIsangPinoy ”
.

PINOYRAP
InthePhi l
ippines,rapwasal somadepopul arbysuchcomposer sandperfor
mer sasFrancisMagalona“Mga
Kababay anKo” ,“Watawat ”andAndr ewE“ HumanapKangPangi t
”.
FrancisMagal onai salsoknownasFr ancisM. ,“Mast erRapper,
”and“TheManf r
om Manil
a.”HewasaFi l
ipino
rapper,songwr i
ter,producer,act or
,director,televisi
onhost ,andphotogr
apher.Heisoft
enhai l
edast he“King
ofPinoyRap”andi sconsi deredal egendi nt hePhi l
ippi
nemusi ccommuni ty
.Magalonawast hef i
rstFi
l
ipino
rappertocr ossov ertot hemai nstream.Hei sal socreditedforhavi
ngpioneeredthemergi
ngofr apwithPinoy
rock,becomi ngasi gnif
icantinfluenceonar t
istsi nthatgenreaswell.

Activit
y6
Directi
ons: Chooseanysongfrom Phil
ippinePopMusi c.From i
tsori
ginall
yrics,
translate/
modi f
yorcreat
ey our
ownl yricsusingadiff
erentdi
alectorlanguage.Singorper f
orminRap( highlyrecommendedf ornon-si
ngers)
thely r
icsy oucomposed.Documenty ourper f
ormancei nv i
deooraudiof ileformat .Uploadorsubmity our
videooraudi operf
ormancetot heGoogl eDriveli
nkt hatyourteacherwi l
lprovideoranyonl i
ne Ifonline
submi ssionortheuseofgadget sisnotpossible,y
ousubmi tyouroutput
si naUSBt hroughadesignatedIya–
Kadi Learni
ngpacketstati
on.

RAP
CRI
TERI
A VeryGood Good Fai
r Poor
(4) (3) (2) (1)
RHYTHM Per
fectti
mingand Goodti
mingbut Ti
mingi
snotgood Ver
ypoorti
mingand
nostut
ter
ing of somestut
ter
ingof wi
thmanyst
utt
eri
ng. al
waysstut
teri
ng.
words. words.
CLEARNESS Wor dsarev er
yclear Wor dsar eclearbut Manywor dsar enot Nocl
earwor
dsand
andsy nchroni
zed. nott oosy nchronized. cl
earandnot t oo di
dnotsy
nchr
oni
zed.
synchronized.
USEOFLOCAL Allwordswer e Almostal l words Somewor dswer e Did nott
ransl
ate
DI
ALECT transl
ated to weret ranslatedto tr
anslatedtot hei
r atall
.
their owndi al
ect. thei
r owndi alect. owndi alect.
PERFORMANCE Impactfuland Satisfyi
ng Not soi mpactful Noenergyand
energeti
c energyand andlackspr esence. pr
esenceatal
l.
perfor
mance. presence.
SI
NGI
NG

VeryGood Good Fai

r Poor
CRI
TERI
A
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Singstheentir
esong Singst heenti
resongSingst heentir
esong Si
ngstheentir
esong
PI
TCHACCURACY withcorrect withalmostcor r
ect withsomecor rect wi
thnocor r
ect
pi
t ch/
tune. pitch/tune. pitch/t
une. pi
tch/
tune.
Allentr
ancesand Almostal lent
rancesSomeoft he Nocorrectt
imingat
TI
MING ti
mi ngarecorr
ect
. andt imingare ent r
ancesandt iming al
l
.
cor r
ect. arecor rect.
Iti
sv erypleasantt
o Iti
sokayt ohear. Iti
snotsogoodt o I
tisnotpleasantt
o
VOI
CEQUALI
TY hear. hear . hear.
Impactfuland Satisf
yingener
gyand Notsoi mpactfuland Noener gyand
SHOWMANSHI
P energetic presence. l
ackspr esence. presenceatall
.
perf
or mance.

El
ement
sofAr
tasAppl
iedt
oTechnol
ogy
-BasedAr
t

Theelementsofarthelpyouident
if
yandint
erpr
etanart
workeasi
ly
.Theseareli
ne,shape,color,
value,
f
orm,
textur
e, andspace.Thesearei
ncorpor
atedi
nanyart
work-t
radi
ti
onalort
echnol
ogy-
based/digi
talart
.

El
ement
s Def
ini
ti
on Sampl
e

Di
stancebet
weent
wopoi
nts(
ort
hepat
h
ofa
ht
tps:
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ch.
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ivecommons.
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os
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ingpoi
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ong
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ne
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igur
eofapart
icularcondi
ti
ont
hat
outl
ine
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any
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ngthaty
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ht
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eati
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Col
or Di
ff
erenthues,
shadesappl
i
edi
n Phot
otakenbyWini
fredoP.PeBeni
to
ar
tsanddesign May20,2018

Theuseofli
ght
nessanddar
knessof
col
or,
shadi
ngand

hi
ghl
i
ght
ingi
nanar
twor
k.
Val
ue
 Phot
otakenbyWi
nif
redoP.PeBeni
toJanuar
y12,
2017

Canbecreat
edbytheformingoftwoor
mor
eshapesorast hr
ee-dimensi
onal
shape
(
cube,py
ramid,spher
e,etc.
)
For
m

Phot
oandar
ttakenbyWi
nif
redoP.PeBeni
toDecember2018

Qual
i
tyofasurf
aceorthewayanywor
kof
arti
srepr
esented.

ht
tps:
//ccsear
ch.
creati
vecommons.org/
photos/
Text
ure 98d03ea2-6792-479d-
94de-
6dbc04558499

Ref
erst
othedi
stancesorar
easar
ound,

bet
weenorwi
thi
ncomponent
sofapi
ece.
Phot
otakenbyWi
nif
redoP.PeBeni
to
Space October2018

For
eignAr
twor
ksandAdapt
ati
onofFi
li
pino

Exhi
bit
sofcomputerar
tortechnol
ogical
-basedartwor
ksbecamehighl
ypopul
arandcri
ti
call
yaccl
aimed,as
di
git
alart
ist
sorcomputerar
tmastersor“ super
star
s”cametothef
oreinEur
ope,Russi
a,andtheUnit
edStat
es.

Kay aOldakerAv ersat

il
ef ant
asyarti
stwhocreateddigi
tal ar
tsfr
om Gr
eatBrit
ain.
EvgenyPar venovHe cr eated t
his br i
ll
iantMor r
isseyi
ll
ust
rat
ionforRoll
i
ngSt oneMagazi
ne.Heal
so
createdworkf orcl
ient
si ncl
udingWiredandGQ.herf avori
tethi
ngtomake.
JeanPi er
reHeber tHeisani ndependentvi
sualart
istofa l
gorit
hmicart,dr
awings,andmixedmedia.

Inourcount r
y,Fil
i
pinoar t
istswerel
ikewisei
nfl
uencedbythet echnol
ogydev el
opmentinart.Fr
om t
ime
t
otime, i
t’
sagreeabl
etoknowaboutt hepr
ominentart
ist
sinourpreferredfi
eldswhowereinspir
edwi t
hthe
workofforei
gnarti
sts.Wi t
ht hat
, l
et’
sgettoknowourFili
pinoar
ti
stswhoadapt edart
worksproducedby
t
echnologyandlearnfrom them.

Ronni
edelCarmen,
Heistheco-
dir
ect
oroft
heani
matedfi
lmInsi
deout
,anani
mat
ori
nWar
nerBr
os.
,and
becameastor
yboar
dar
tistf
orBat
man:TheAni
matedSer
ies.

Act
ivi
tyno.1A.Di
rect
ions:Chooset
hel
ett
eroft
hecor
rectanswer
.

1.Whatartisessent
ial
lymadeusi ngcomput ergenerati
onandmanipulat
ion?
a.Coll
ageMaking b.StencilDrawi
ng c.Technol ogy-
basedArt d.Tradi
ti
onal
Pai
nti
ng
2.Whatisthefi
gureofapar ti
cularcondi
tiont hatoutl
inesany
thi
ngthatyoucansee?
a.Color b.Li
ne c.Text
ure d.Shape
3.Whi
chofthefoll
owingil
lustr
ationsshowst ext ur
e?

a. b. c. d..
Not
e:Al
lartworksusedar eorigi
nall
ycreatedbyChri
sti
anReyR.Ricar
ze
1.Itrefer
st othedistanceorareasaroundbetweenorwithi
ncomponent
sofaspace.
a.For m b.Li
ne c.Space d.Val
ue
2.Whatgener al
i
zationisderiv
edfrom thi
sil
lust
rat
ion?
a.appliesprinci
pleofrhythm
 b.givesemphasisonshapes
c. i
l
lustr
atesontextur
e
d.valuesonspacing
3.Whi chofthef
ollowingpi
ctur
eisdi
git
all
ymade?

a. b. c. d.
4.Whi choft hefol
lowingi sadi gi talartwor
kofAnt oni
oGer ardo?
a.Cit
y scape b.Grav el c.Pol y
gonDr awings d.Or dres
5.Hei saf orei
gnar ti
stwhocr eat edt hebri
ll
iantMor ri
sseyill
ustr
ati
onforRol
lingSt onemagazi ne.
a.EvgenyPar v
enov b.JeanPi er
ieHebert c.KayaOldaker d.Ol gaKi sel
eva
6.Iti
sdef i
nedast echnology -
basedar twhi
chi sgener at
edbyt heuseofgadget slikecomput ers,
smar tphonesandgr aphictabl ets.
a.Comput erArt b.Digital Art c.Technology -
basedArt d.Tr adit
ionalArt
7.Hei samul t
imediaar t
istinv ariouscompani esin2008andby2010, hefocusedoni l
lust
rat
ionswithhi
s
colorfulandv i
brantill
ustrati
onst yl
e.
a.Antoni oGorordo b.Kay aOl daker c.Ronni edelCarmen d.VincentRaphael Aseo

B.Dir
ect
ions:I
dent
if
ythef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
s.Wr
it
eTi
fthest
atementi
str
ueandwr
it
eFi
fthest
atementi
s
fal
se.

1.Technology-basedar tall
owscommuni cati
onbet weent hear t
istandt heaudience.
2.Digit
alarthasthesamechar act
eri
sticswi t
htraditi
onal art
.
3.El
ement sofar tareindispensablefactorsthatalsoaff ecttechnol ogy-basedart
.
4.Theuseofl ightnessanddar knessofcol or
,shading,andhi ghlightinginanartworki
svalue.
5.VincentRaphael Aseoi stheco-dir
ectoroft heanimat edf i
l
mi nsi de-outandananimatorinWar
nerBr
os.

Moder
nTechnol
ogy
:AToolf
orEmpower
ment

I
nt he21stcent ur y,theadv ancementoft echnologyi sf ast,andt hecr eationofhi gh-
techgadget ssuchas
mobi l
ephones,phabl ets,laptopsandcomput ersupgr adef rom timet ot i
me.Thesenew t echnologieshav e
becomeanecessi t
yt oal lhumanbei ngsf orcommuni cat ionandent er t
ainmentpur poses.I nthef i
eldofar t
s,
therearedev elopment sint ermsoft hepr ocessesofcr eat i
nganar twor k.Ar ti
stsbecamemor einterest
edto
theso-call
eddi gital-
basedar ts,andt heywer eablet oexpl oreanddev el
opt heirskil
lsandt alentsinthisfiel
d.
Belowaret her easonswhydi gitalartistsusemoder ntechnol ogyasat ool f
orempower ment :
a.Af or m ofcommuni cat i
on-I texpr essesi deast hroughv i
sualel ement sandpr incipl
esi nan
artistic,adv ancedandcr eativeway .Sy mbol sandsi gnagesar et ypi
calexampl est hatgive
i
mpor tantdi recti
onsori nst r
uct ionst hatneedt obef ol l
owed.Di gitalpostersandsl ogansar e
alsopower fultoolstoconv eymessagesofdi fferenti ssues.
b.Accessi bl etomassconsumpt i
on-Wi ththeav ail
abi l
it
yofmoder nt echnology,di
gitalartworks
areeasi ertoaccessandshar eint hedi ff
er entsoci alandmul ti
medi aplatf
orms.
c.Wi derr angeofar t
formst opr oduce-Wi t
ht hedi fferentappl icat i
onsandsof twareav ail
ablein
maki ngdi gitalar t
wor ks,ar tistshav emanychoi cest ot heki ndofar tworktheywantt o
produce.Att hecomf ortofmaki ngt heirmast erpieces,t heycanexpl or
eanddev elopt heir
skills,tal entsandsel f-
conf i
dencef urt
her.
d.Mor epr oduct iveandpr acti
cal-Cr eatingdi gitalar twor ksusesl i
mi tedmat eri
alsunl i
ket he
tr
adi t
ionalwayofmaki ngar t
.I tisal soeasi ert omani pulatet hesemoder nartgadget sby
si
mpl yundoi ngcommi ttedmi stakesi nt hear tpi ece.I nt er msoft heproduct i
vit
y,digital
artwor ksar eeasi ert ocreat eandsel l
.
ROLE/ FUNCTI ONOFARTWORKSASTOUTI LIZATIONANDCOMBI NATIONOF
ARTELEMENTSANDPRI NCIPLES
Therearetwo( 2)roles/functionsofar t-theNon- mot ivat
edandMot i
vated.
1.Non-MotivatedFunct i
onofAr t
Thi
smeanst hatartisbasedonone’ sper spectiveanddoesnotf ulfi
l
laspeci f
icext er
nal
pur
pose.Inthismanner , ar
tascr eati
vityissomet hinghumansmustdobyt heirverynatureand
i
sther
eforebey ondut i
l
ity.Thefollowingar eitsfunct i
ons:
a.Basi chumani nsti
nctf orhar mony ,balance,andr hyt
hm-I tisaper sonalandint er
nal
appreciati
onofaest heticvalue(balanceandbeaut y)
.
b.Exper ienceoft hemy steri
ous-I tgivesbr andnewexper iencet opeoplebyv al
uingt he
meani ngofthear t.
c.Expr essionoft heimagi nati
on-I tsharest heexper i
enceoft heart
istthroughf orms,
symbol sandi deaswi t
hmeani ngthatcanbeper ceiv
edi ntheartwork.
d.Ri t
ualisti
c and sy mbol i
cf uncti
on- I n many cul tures,ar tis used i nr ituals,
performances and dances as sy mbol s and decor ati
ons such as par toft he
 backgr ound, indiff erentappar elsandcost umes.
2.MotivatedFunct ionsofAr t
Thesear tsar ei ntentional ,andt heyar eusedbyt hear tistorcr eat or.Theycanf unct iont o
bri
ngaboutpol i
ti
calchange,t ocommentort oconv eyspeci fi
ci dea.Fur ther ,theycanbeused
formedical pur poses, ent ertainmentandcommuni cat ion.
1. Communi cat i
on.Asmostf or msofcommuni cat ion,ithasani ntentt ogi vemeani ngand
direct iont owar dsanot heri ndiv i
dual .Thisi samot i
v atedpur pose.I llustrat
ivear tsand
mapsar eexampl esoft hesear tsascommuni cat ion.
2. Artasent er tainment .Di gitalar tgi vesmi xedemot i
onsandmoodsf orthepur poseof
relaxi ngorent er tainingt hev i
ewer .
3. TheAv ant-Gar de.Thi si st heAr tofpol i
ti
calchange.I nt he21stcent ury ,di
gitalartswer e
usedt obr ingaboutpol iti
cal change.
4. Artasa“ freezone” .Cont empor aryar thasenhancedi tst olerancet owar dcul tur al
differences,as wel las cr iti
caland l i
ber at ing f unct i
ons ( soci ali nquir
y ,act ivi
sm,
subv ersion,deconst ruction,et c.).Itpav est hewayt oawi derpl acef orexpl orationand
exper iment ation.
5. Artf orSoci alCauses.Ar tcanbeusedt or aiseawar enessi nt hedi fferentissuesi nt he
sur r
oundi ng.Forani nst ance, theconductofar texhi bitst hatai mst or aiseawar enessof
aut i
sm, cancer , humant raf f
ickingandot heri ssues.
6. Artf orMedi calPur poses.Ar tisal sousedasat herapybyt her apist s,psy chother apist s
andcl inical psy chol ogi sts.
7. Artf orpr opagandaorcommer cialism.Ar tisof tenut i
li
zedaspr opagandat oi nfluence
popul arconcept i
onormood.I nt hesameway ,i tisal sousedt osel lproducts.I nt hi s
case,ar tsubt lymani pulat est hev ieweri nt o apar ti
cularemot ionorpsy chol ogical
responset oani deaorobj ect .

Histor i
calaccount sar ev isual izedwi tht her emnant sandar tifactspr eser vedf r
om t hepast .Oneoft he
mosti mpor tantaspect swher ewecanst udyt r
adi t
ionsandhi st oryi st hr ought hear t
wor ksl ef tf rom one
gener ationt ot heot her.
Thehi stor ybehi ndar twor ksatdi f f
er entt i
meshel psusl ear nandunder st andpeopl eandt heircul tures.
Ithasal sohel pedi nal otofcasest ol ear nt het ransi ti
onofhumant imei nhi ssoci al,polit
ical ,andeconomi c
stages.Ar ti nt hissensei scommuni cat ion;i tal l
owspeopl ef rom di fferentcul turesanddi fferentt imest o
communi cat ewi t
heachot herv iai mages, soundsandst or ies.
Int oday ’swor ld,wher eint heer aofr api dt echnol ogi calpr ogr essi si nev it
abl e,thet r
adi tionalar tsar e
enhancedwi tht heuseofdi gitalt echnol ogi es.Nev er thel ess,t heuseofar twor ksi sst i
llt hesamei nt he
expr essionofmoodsandf eel i
ngsofanar tistr epr esent ingapar ticul argr oupofpeopl e.
Digitalmedi um ofpr oduci ngar twor kshasbecomet het rendi nt s
he21 centt ury.Iti sal soknownas
technol ogy -basedar t.Mostpopul arf or msoft echnol ogy -basedar tar et hedi gitalpai nt i
nganddr awi ng, mobi l
e
phonear t
,digital phot ogr aphy ,videogami ng, andi magi ngv ideosandani mat ions.
Although,t hear twor kspr oducedar edi gitallyort echnol ogi cally-based,i tst illdepi ctst hecommonconcept s,
subj ects,andt hemesofl andscapes,peopl e,wor k,nat ur e,ev ery dayl i
fe,conf lictsandsoci alchanget hatal l
delv eintot hecommuni tyt raditionsandhi stor y .
Tounder st andf ullyt heuseoft echnol ogy -
basedar ti nder ivingt het radi tionsandhi stor y,wecansi mpl y
l
ook, under stand, andanal y zet her elationshi poft hedi gital ar twor kspr oducedi nt er msofcul t
ur eandhi stor y.
Thef unct ionsoft echnol ogy -
basedar tinder ivi
nghi st ory ,cul tur e,andt radi ti
onsar easf ol l
ows:
1.I tisusedt opr ov i
dev isual i
nf or mat i
onf rom t hepast .
2.I tisusedt oeducat epeopl eregar di nghi stor y,cultur e, andt r
adi t
ionsbyv i
sual represent ati
ons.
3.I tisusedt opreser v et hei deas,communalexper iences,happeni ngs,sceni cst r
ucturesandmanymor e
throughv i
sual ar t
sl ikedi gital phot ogr aphyanddi gi tal pai nt i
ngs.
4.I tisusedt opr omot et hebeaut yofnat ur allandscapes, str uct ures, peopl e, andt r
aditionst hroughdi gital
phot ogr aphyanddi gital pai nting.
ArtRef l
ect sHi st ory,Cul ture, andTr adi tions
Hist ory,culture, andt radit i
onsar ei ndi spensabl epar tofhumani ty .Hi st oryr efer st ot hest udyoft hepastev ent s,
mostespeci allyhumanev ent sandendeav or s.Cul tur eist hewaypeopl el i
vewher ecust oms, bel iefs, art,soci al
groupsand peopl ear epar tsofi t.Tr adit i
onsar epar tofhi st oryandcul turet hat ar epassed onf rom
gener ationt ogener ati
on.
Act ivi
ty2Mul tipleChoi ce:Readcar eful l
yt hequest ionsbel ow.Wr i
tet hel etteroft hecor rectanswer .
1.T’ nalak, abel ,pisyabi t
,andot hert ex tilesar eex ampl esofwhatnon- mot ivatedf uncti
onofar ts?
a.Expr essi onofi magi nat i
on c.Ri tual isti
candsy mbol icf unct ion
b.Expr essi onoft hemy st erious d.Basi chumani nst i
nctf orhar mony ,balanceandr hythm
2.Whi chdi gital artwor ksshowsPhi lippi net radi tions?
B

a. b. c. d.
3.Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngcomputerappl
icat
ionsi
susedinimagegener
ati
onandmanipul
ati
on?
a.AdobeReader b.AdobePremier c.AdobeLi
ghtr
oom d.AdobeAf
terEf
fect
s
4.“Pat
alast
as”i
saspeci
fi
cexampleofwhatfunct
ionofar
t?
 a.Communi cat i
on c.Ar tforSoci al Cause
b.Ar tasent er tainment d.Ar tforPr opagandaandCommer ci
alism
5.All areusesoft echnol ogy -basedar tinder iv inghi st ory ,cul ture, andt raditi
onexcept .
a.prov idingv isual r
epr esent at ionsoft hepastonadi gi t
al f orm
b.educat ingpeopl ewi tht hei nf ormat iongat her edint hepastwi thgr aphi cal facts
c.preser vingi deas, exper iences, happeni ngs, andsceni cst ruct ur est hr oughv isual arts
d.promot ingbeaut yofnat ur al landscapes, str uct uresandpeopl e’ st radit i
ont hroughdi gitalphot ographyand
painting
6.Whatdoy oucal l t
hepr ocessofcut t i
ngorr emov ingt heout sidear easofani mage?
a.Edit i
ng b.Fr ami ng c.Cr oppi ng d.InstallationAr t
7.Whatf unct i
onofar tusual lyr aisesawar enessont hedi ff erenti ssuesi nt hesur r oundi ng?
a.Artasent er tai nment c.Ar tforMedi cal Pur poses
b.Artf orSoci al Cause d.Ar tf orPr opagandaandCommer cial i
sm
8.Whi choft hest atement sbestdescr ibest hepi cturebel ow?
a.distinct ionofdi gital artf rom t r
adi tional ar t
b.histor ical ani mat ionofPhi li
ppi nel egendar yher oine
c.present at ionofPhi li
ppi net radi ti
onal dancei nani mat ion
d.preser vat ionofar tistici ngenui tyoft heFi li
pi nohi stor ian
9.Whatt y peofar tmakesuseofel ect ricandmechani cal dev icesi npr oduci ngi mageandef f
ectsi nst
eadof
usingbr ushesort hear tist’shand?
a.Digi t
al Ar t b.Moder nAr t c.I nst all
at i
onAr t d.Concept ual Ar t
10.I l
lust rat ivear ts,maps, signagesanddi rect ionsar eexampl esofwhatmot ivatedf unct ionofar t?
a.Av ant -Gar deb.Communi cat ion c.Ar tsasa“ free- zone d.Ar t
sf orSoci al Cause
11.Al lar eexampl esoft echnol ogy -basedar tt oder ivehi st or y,cul ture, andt raditi
onsexcept .
a.digital pai nt ing b.mobi lephonear tc.abst r
actgr aphi cs d.digital phot ogr aphy
12.Youl ear nedf r om y ourpr ev iousl essonst hatcl assi cism i nar tisal labouthar mony ,bal ance, andsenseof
propor tion, wher easar twor ksi nt he21stcent ur yi sdi ffer ent .Whati st henot ablechar act eristi
coft he21st
centur yar twor ks?
a.Itseekst obr ingoutt heemot ionr athert hanr eality.
b.Itlacksauni for mit yandnotasi ngl eor gani zingpr inci ple.
c.Itusest hi nbr ushst rokesandemphasi zeonaccur at edepi ctionofl ight .
d.Itfocusesont hei deat hatpr ogr essi nsci enceandt echnol ogy , economi csandsoci alor ganizationsar e
i
mpor tantandv i
tal int hedev el opmentofmanki nd.
13.Whatf unct ionofar tper tai nst oone’ sper spect i
v eandsomet hi nghumansmustdobyt heirv er
ynat ureand
beyondut ility?
a.Av ant -Gar deb.Communi cat ion c.Mot iv at edFunct ion d.Non- Mot ivatedFunct i
on
14.Whi chst at ementi st rueaboutt heuseoft echnol ogy -basedar ti nr elationt ohi stor y,cul t
ureandt r
aditi
ons?
a.Itusesdi gital imagesofpeopl e.
b.Itwor kswi tht echnol ogybasedonhi story .
c.Itgiv esr easont ot hemaj orev ent soft hepast .
d.Itpr ov i
desdi git alv i
sual repr esent at ionsoft hepastev ent s.
15.Whi choft hest atementi st rueaboutar twor ksint he21stcent ur y
?
a.Technol ogy -basedar ti st heonl yconcer nof21stcent ur yar twor ks.
b.Artwor ksar emadeusi ngadv ancebr ushesandpai nt si nahi gh- qual itycanv ass.
c.Artwor ksi nt he21stcent ur yf ollowcer tainst andar dofcol or,si ze, subj ectandexpr essi on.
d.Artistusest echnol ogyl ikecomput er sandcamer asi ncr eat i
ng, mani pul ati
ng, andr epr oducingar t
wor k.

COMPUTERPROGRAMSORAPPLI CATIONS
Wear enow i nt hecomputerera.Ev eryt
hingcoul dbepossi bl
ydonewi t
ht heai dofourdev ices.Youhav e
alreadylearnedaboutthediffer
entdigit
alprograms/ appli
cati
onsintheprevi
ousl essons.Foryout olearnmor e
aboutt hedi f
ferentcomputerappli
cations/programs,y oumusthav etoexper iencedoingit.Thesecoul dnot
onlybedonef orschoolpurposes;i
tcouldal sobeusedi nearni
ngalivi
ng.Getr eadybecausewewi l
lnowhav e
stepbyst epproceduresinusingt hedifferentapplicat
ions.Composey ourself;st
artconceptuali
zi
ngat opic
thaty oucouldusei nmakingy ourartworkswhi chcoul dbeexhibi
tedbeforet hequarterends.Makesur ethat
themedi um thatyouaregoi ngtousei ssuitabletoy ourtopi
csot hatyouraudi encecouldunder standt he
messaget hatyouwanttoconv eyinyourar t
wor k.
ExamplesofComput erPrograms/Appli
cati
ons

Photoshopi sAdobe'sphotoediti
ng,i magecr eationandgr aphicdesignsof t
war e.Thesof tware
provi
desmanyi mageediti
ngfeaturesforraster( pixel-
based)i magesaswel lasv ectorgraphics.I
t
usesal ayer-
basedediti
ngsystem t hatenablesi magecr eat
ionandal ter
smul ti
pleov er
laysthat
supporttransparency.Layer
scanalsoactasmasksorf i
ltersal t
eri
ngunder l
yi
ngcol or
s.Shadowsandot her
effect
scanbeaddedt othelay
ers.Photoshopact i
onsi ncludeaut omat i
onfeaturestor educet heneedf or
repeti
ti
vetasks.Anopt ionknownasPhotoshopCC( Creativ
eCl oud)all
owsuser stowor koncont entfrom any
comput er
.

Stency
lisa v i
deo gamedev el
opmentt
oolthatal
l
owsuser
st o cr
eate 2D vi
deo gamesfor
computer
s,mobi
ledevices,andt
heweb.Thesoft
war
eisav
ail
abl
eforfree,wi
thsel
ectpubl
ishi
ng
opti
onsav ail
ablef orpurchase.St ency li
san aut hor i
ngtool.Itincludessev eralmodul esusedt oaccompli
sh
thenecessarytaskst ocreat
egameswi t
hthesof tware.
TheBehav i
orEdi torisusedt ocr eateandedi tcodeandgamel ogici nmodul arpiecesknownasbehav i
orsand
event
s.
TheTi l
esetEdi tori sused t oi mpor tand edi tt il
eset
s,including thei
rcol li
sion shapes,appearance,and
animati
ons.
TheAct orEdi t
ori susedt ocr eateandedi tgameent iti
es( Actors)andt heirset t
ings,incl
udingbehavi
ors,
physi
cs,andani mat ions.
TheSceneDesi gneri susedt ocr eateandedi tlev el
sandgamest ates(Scenes)byusi ngactors,t
il
eset
s,and
behavi
ors.
Twi neisa f reeandopen- sourcetoolcr eatedbyChr i
sKl imasf ormaki ng interact
ivefi
cti
oninthe
form ofwebpages.I tisav ail
ableonMacOSX, Windows, andLi nux.
Twi ne emphasi zes the v isualstructure ofhy pert
extand does notr equir
e knowledge ofa
progr
ammi ngl anguageasmanyot hergamedev elopmentt ool
sdo.I tisregardedasat oolwhichcanbeused
byanyonei nter
est edininter
activeficti
onandexper imentalgames.

GameMakeri sacomputerpr
ogram f
ortheWindowsoperati
ngsy
stem.Itwasf i
rstmadebyMark
Over
mars,buti
tisnowmadebythecompanyYoYoGames.GameMakerl etspeopl
emakecomputer
gameswit
houtknowingacomput
erprogr
amminglanguage.

Snapseedaphot oappli
cati
onthatenabl esyoutoenhance,t ransform,andshar ey ourphotos.Itisa
photo-edit
ingappl
icat
ionforiOSand Andr oi
dpr oducedbyNi kSof t
ware,nowownedbyGoogl e.I t
enablesuserstoenhancephot osandappl ydigi
talf i
lt
ersandsav euser s'edi
tinghistor
yandr edirect
toanyoft heacti
onsbefore.I
tcanal socreateandsav ef i
l
tercombi nati
onsbyusi ngthedefaultfil
ters
andedit
ingf eatures.Thel i
stofspecialeffectsandf il
tersincludesDr ama,Gr unge,Vintage,Cent er
-f
ocus,
Frames,
andaTi lt
-shif
t(whi
chresizesphotos).Userscanimpor tRAW i magesaswel lforbetterqual
ityedits.

Act
ivi
tyno.4
A.Mat chi
ngTy
pe:Mat
chCol
umnBwi
thCol
umnA.Wr
it
etheanswer
siny
ouranswersheet
.

COLUMNA COLUMNB
1.Acreati
vedev i
cet hatallowsy outo A.DSLR
generateorigi
nal wor ksofar tsfrom B.Mobil
ePhone
anentir
er angeofpur poses. C.PhotoGrid
2.Iti
sanew- gener at i
onmodel known D.Phablet
s
asandroidtabl ets,phones, and E.DoodleBooth
combinationofbot h. F.Pi
cMonkey
3.I
tisanappl icationf orandr oidphonesthatall
ows G.PhotoBooth
youtomakecol lageoutofi magesf r
om yourphoto
gal
ler
y.
4.Thi
sisanappl icationf ortakingphotosandv i
deos
usi
ngani Padori Padmi ni.
5.Iti
saphot oedi ti
ngt ool thatprovi
desfi
lter
s,
fr
ames,text,andef fectst omani pul
ateyourimages

Act
ivi
ty6:Creat
ingYourOwnArtwor
kUsingPhotoshop
Di
rect
ions:Workonthegiv
entaskbyfol
l
owingtheinst
ruct
ionsbel
owt
ocomeupwi
thawor
kofar
t.

1.Chooseaphot o/sfrom yourdevicewithanyofthethemespr ovi

dedbelow.
- Sour ceofhappi ness
- Tagumpay
- Every dayli
fe
2.Usingt hephotoshopappl i
cati
on,experi
menty ourphotobyexplor
ingthedif
ferentphot
oshop
tools( Pentool,Clonestampt oolShapetools,cr
opt oolmovetoolet
c.)
3.Printy ourartworkinashor tcouponbondf orcompilati
on.
4.Youcanshar eitwithyourfri
endsthroughyoursocialmediaaccount.Havefun!
5.Wr i
teashor trefl
ecti
onaboutout put
,
 Cr
it
eri
a 5 3 2
Workexcept i
onal l
yunique,detail
ed,Workgener all
yunique,det
ail
edand Worksomewhatuni que,det
ailed,
or
andinteresting.Expl
oressev er
al i nteresting.Expl
oressome i
nteresting.Showssome
Cr
eat
ivi
ty di
f f
erentopt i
onsandt akesmany di fferentoptionsandtakessome dev elopingideasbutwithouta
creati
vet asks. cr
eat i
ver i
sks. tr
uesenseofor i
ginal
it
y.
Except
ionalunder standi
ngand Goodunder standingandappli
cat
ionBasi
cunder standingandapplicat
ion
appli
cationoft heelement sofart oft heel ementsofartand oftheel ementsofartand
UseofEl
ementsand andpr i
nciplesofdesign. pr
inciplesofdesign pri
nciplesofdesign.
Pr
inci
ples
Wor
kdonewithexcepti
onalcar
eand Wor
kdonewithgoodcareand Wor
kdonewithbasi
ccareand
at
tent
iontodetai
landneatness. attent
iontodet
ail
andneatness. attent
iontodet
ail
andneatness.
Cr
aft
smanshi
p
Excepti
onalunderst
andingofout
put
Goodunder standi
ngofoutput Basi
cunder standingofout
put
requi
rements.Workshows requi
rement s.Workshowsgood r equi
rement s.Workshowsbasi
c
Under
standi
ng,
Eff
ort
,and excepti onaleff
ort
,planni
ng,
and effor
t,planni
ng,andpri
de.Work effor
t,planni
ng,andpri
de.Work
Compl
eti
on pri
de.Wor ki
sallcomplet
eand i
smost lycomplet
eand i
ssomewhatcompl et
eand
consist
ent. consistent. consistent.

pi
nter
est
.com