Prediction of

Long-Term
Deflection
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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ The deformation of prestressed members change with time as a result

of creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of stress in steel.

◉ The deflection of prestressed members can be computed relative to a

given datum, if the magnitude and longitudinal distribution of
curvatures for the beam span are known for that instant based on the
load history, which includes the prestressing forces and live loads.

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ The prestressed concrete member develops deformations under the

influence of two usually opposing effects, which are the prestress and
transverse loads. The net curvature at a section at any given stage is
obtained:

Φr = Φmt + Φpt

Where: Φr = net curvature of a section

Φmt = change of curvature caused by transverse loads
Φpt = change of curvature caused by prestress
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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ Under the section of sustained transverse loads, the compressive

stress distribution in the concrete change with time.
◉ However, in practical cases, the change of stress being small, it may be
assumed that the concrete creeps under constant stress. The creep
strain due to transverse loads is directly computed as a function of the
creep coefficient so that the change of curvature can be estimated by
the expression

Φmt = (1 + Φ) Φi

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

Φmt = (1 + Φ) Φi

Where: Φ = creep coefficient

Φi = initial curvature immediately after the application of transverse
loads

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ The change of curvature due to the sustained prestress (Φpt ) depends

upon the cumulative effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete and
relaxation of stress in steel.

◉ Several methods have been proposed to evaluate the curvature under

simplified assumptions. The important ones are attributed to Busemann
McHenry, Douglas and Corley, Sozen, and Siess.

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ According to Neville and the ACI committee report, the creep curvature
due to prestress is obtained on simplified assumption that creep in
induced by the average prestress acting over the given time. Using this
approach, if:
Pi = initial prestress
Pt = Prestress after a time, t

Loss of prestressing force due to relaxation, shrinkage and creep,

Lp = (Pi – Pt)

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ According to Neville and the ACI committee report, the creep curvature
due to prestress is obtained on simplified assumption that creep in
induced by the average prestress acting over the given time. Using this
approach if:

e = eccentricity of the prestressing force at the section

EI = Flexural Rigidity

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ The curvature due to prestress after time t can be expressed as:

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ Then, the total long-term deflection after time t is obtained from the
expression

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ A much simplified but an approximate procedure is suggested by Lin

for computing long-time deflections. In this method, the initial
deflection due to prestress and transverse loads is modified to account
for the loss of prestress which tends to decrease the deflection, and
the creep effect which tends to increase the deflection.

◉ The principle of reduced modulus involving the creep coefficient is

used to amplify the initial deflections.

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 Prediction of Long Term Deflection

◉ According to this method, the final long-time deflection is expressed

as:

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Sample Problem

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 Problem 3

A concrete beam having a rectangular section of 100mm wide and 300mm

deep is prestressed by a parabolic cable carrying an initial force of 240KN.
The cable has an eccentricity of 50mm at the center of span and is
concentric at the supports. If the span of the beam is 10m, the live load is 2
KN/m, and the dead load is 0.72KN/m, estimate the short deflection at the
center of the span.

Assuming E = 38 KN/mm^2 and creep coefficient Φ =2.0, loss of prestress =

20% of the initial stress after 6 months. Estimate the long time deflection at
the center of span at this stage, assuming that dead and live loads are
simultaneously applied after the release of prestress.
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Problem 3

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Problem 3

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Problem 3

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Problem 3

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Thanks!

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