Additional exercise

12.4 Trigonometric functions

1 For each function shown in the three graphs below, write down the period and amplitude.

Then write a cosine equation for each function.

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 Additional exercise

2 For each of the three graphs shown below, write down the period and amplitude.

Then write a sine equation for each function.

3 Sketch the graph of each function for −π ≤ x ≤ 2π .

 π
a=
y 4 sin  x −  + 1
 2

b −3 cos (2 x ) − 2
y =

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 Additional exercise

4 The following diagram shows part of the graph of the function

= ( )
y a cos b ( x − c ) + d . The
graph has a local maximum at point A(3, 9), and it has a local minimum at the point B(7, −3),
as shown. Find the values of a, b, c and d.

5 The depth of the water at the end of a pier can be estimated by the function
= ( )
D ( t ) 6.7 sin 0.515 ( t − 3) + 12 , where D is the depth of the water in metres and t is the
number of hours after midnight.

a Find the period of the function.

b Find the amplitude of the function.

c Find the depth of the water at 7:00 a.m.

d At what time does the water first reach its greatest depth?

e During the first 12 hours after midnight, find the length of time the depth of the water is
greater than 15 m.

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 Additional exercise

Answers

1 Note that, in each part of this question, there are many correct cosine equations for the
function shown in each graph. However, the period, amplitude and vertical shift will be the
same for each of these correct equations.

7π 3π
a period = − π (maximum to maximum)
=
4 4

1 − ( −4 )
amplitude = = 2.5
2

  π 
=y 2.5 cos  2  x +   − 1.5
  4 

b period = 2 (2π − 0 ) = 4π (maximum to maximum)

3 − ( −1)
amplitude = =2
4

1 
y =
−2 cos  x  − 1
2 

c period = 3 − ( −2 ) =5 (minimum to maximum is half a period)

1 − ( −3)
amplitude = =2
2

 2π
=y 2 cos  ( x − 3)  + 1
 5 

2 Note that, in each part of this question, there are many correct sine equations for the function
shown in each graph. However, the period, amplitude and vertical shift will be the same for
each of these correct equations.

π π
a period = −0 =
2 2

5 − ( −1)
amplitude = =3
2

=y 3 sin ( 4 x ) + 2

b period = π − 0 = π

6 − ( −4 )
amplitude = =5
2

=y 5 sin (2 x ) + 1

c period = 5 − 1 =4 (minimum to maximum is half a period)

3 − ( −3)
amplitude = =3
2

π 
=y 3 sin  ( x − 1) 
2 

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 Additional exercise

3 a

9 − ( −3)
4 a amplitude
= = = 6
2

2π 2π π
period=2 (7 − 3) =
8 , so =
b = =
period 8 4

=c horizontal
= shift 3

9 + ( −3)
=d vertical
= shift = 3
2

2π
5 a period
= ≈ 12.2 hours
0.515

b amplitude = 6.7

( )
c D (7 ) 6.7 sin 0.515 (7 − 3) + 12 ≈ 17.9 metres
=

d maximum point on graph of D at (6.05..., 18.7), so t ≈ 6.05 , the time is 6:03

e The depth is 15 metres when t ≈ 3.90147... and when t ≈ 8.1987... , so the depth is
greater than 15 metres for 8.1987 − 3.90147 ≈ 4.30 hours .

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