Sr1Sc Adv Maths 第十七章 指示函数与对数函数 By : S.W.

Low

第十七章 指数函数与对数函数
(A) Indices

(i) a n = a  a  ...  a n is positive integer (i) a m  a n = a m + n

(ii) a m  a n = a m − n a0
(ii) a 0 = 1 a0

1
(iii) (a )
m n
= a mn
(iii) a − n = a  0 , n is positive integer
( ab ) = a nb n
n
an (iv)
n
m
a an
(iv) a = an n m
m, n is positive integer, a  0, n  1 (v)   = n b0
b b

1. Simplify each of the following

3x + 2 − 2  3x 7 2x + 2 − 2 ( 2x )
(a) (b)  2
5 ( 3x +1 ) 15 
  2 ( 2 x −1 )

5x −3 + 2 ( 5 x −1 )  51  16 x +1 + 20 ( 42 x ) 9
(c) (d)
2 (5 x−2
) 10 
  2 x −1
8 x+2 8
 

2. Simplify 2 x + 3 + 2 x + 16 ( 2 x +1 ) in the form k ( 2 x ) , where k is a constant.  41( 2 x ) 

 

3. If 9 x = 25 and 9 y = 16 find the value of 3x + y .  20

4. If 3x + 3− x = 4 , then find the value of 27 x + 27 − x . 52

(B) Logarithms

a x = y  log a y = x

(i) log a a = 1 (ii) log a 1 = 0

(iii) log a xy = log a x + log a y x  0, y  0

x
(iv) log a = log a x − log a y x  0, y  0
y

log x b
(v) log a x m = m log a x x0 (vi) log a b =
log x a

1. Simplify each of the following

28 3 6 2
(a) log 4 − 2log 4 + 3log 4 − log 4 3
15 14 7 5

(b) 3log3 7 7 (c) 4log4 ( 7 − a ) + 5log5 (3+ a ) 10

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Sr1Sc Adv Maths 第十七章 指示函数与对数函数 By : S.W.Low

log a ab
(d) − log a b  0 (e) 2log 2 5 + log 4log50  2
log b ab

1 1 log 4 2 − log 2 4 1

(f) + 1 (g) 2
log x xy log y xy log 0.1 10 + log 0.2 25  

2. Given that log 2 x = p and log 2 y = q , express the following in terms of p and q.

x  p − q
(a) log 2 xy  p + q (b) log 4  2 
y  

2 + q  3 
(c) log x 4 y  p  (d) log xy 8  p + q
   
64
3. Given that log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771 , find the value of log . 1.107
5

4. If f (10 x ) = x , find the value of f ( 3) . log3

2 4 
5. Given that log x 9 = m and log 27 = n . Express log 27 xy in terms of m and n.  n + 3m 
 
y

 xy + 2 
6. Given that log 2 3 = x and log3 11 = y , find log 66 44 in terms of x and y.  xy + 1 + x 
 

 n + mn 
7. Given that log 2 5 = m and log 3 4 = n , express log15 10 in terms of m and n.  mn + 2 
 
2 5
8. Given that 53x = 9 and 477 y = 243 .Without using calculator, find the value of − .  −2
x y

n +1
9. Given 2m = 3 and 5n = 2 , prove that log 6 10 = .
n + mn
xy + 1
10. If log 2 3 = x and log 3 7 = y , prove that log 21 14 = .
x ( y + 1)

11. *Without using calculator, show that log3 2 + log 3 5 + 3log 2log5 = 1 .

1 1 1 1 1
12. *Given that + = 1 , prove that = + .
x y log x + y a log x a log y a

log a x log a x − log b x

13. *Given that b 2 = ac and a  b  c  1 , prove that = .
log c x log b x − log c x

14. *If a 2 − b 2 = 1 , prove that log a + b x = − log a −b x .

15. *Given that log a x logb x + log b x log c x + log a x log c x = log a x log b x log c x , prove that x = abc .

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Sr1Sc Adv Maths 第十七章 指示函数与对数函数 By : S.W.Low

(C) Exponential Equations

Solve each of the following equation.
5
8 x = 32 +3
= 92 y 1,3
2
1. 3 2. 3y
 

3. 275 x = 813 x + 6 8 4. 2x = 5 log 2 5

 27 
5. 2 ( 3x ) = 27 log 3 2  6. 22 x  3x = 144  2
 

7. 32 x = 2 x +1 0.4608 8. 43 x − 2 = 6 x 1.1713

9. ( 2 )(3 ) = 25
x +1 x
1.4096 10. 3x −1 + 3x + 2 = 252 3

11. 32 x +1 − 26 ( 3x ) = 9  2 12. 2 x + 2 + 22 x = 12 1

13. 4 x +1 + 2 x + 3 = 5  −1 14. 9 y + 5 ( 3 y − 10 ) = 0 1.465

15. 3 ( 22 x +1 ) − 5 ( 2 x ) = 1  0 16. 9 x + 2 ( 3x ) = 3x+ 2 − 12 1,1.2619

17. 4 ( 9 x ) − 9 ( 4 x ) = 5 ( 6 x )  2 18. 4 x − 2 ( 6 x ) + 9 x = 0  0

19. 6 x − 4 ( 3x ) − 3 ( 2 x ) + 12 = 0 1, 2 20. 2 x +1 + 2− x = 3  −1,0

21. 3x + 6 ( 3− x ) = 5 1,log 3 2 22. 2 ( 4 x + 4− x ) − 7 ( 2 x + 2− x ) + 10 = 0  0

( 2) ( 2) .  4,3.17
x x
23. Find the value of x that satisfies 2 x − 7 + 12 = 0 by using substitution y =

24. If ( 4 x )( 32 x ) =
1
y−x
, evaluate x + y .  0
6

25. If 3x + y = 243 and 3x − y = 3 , find the value of x. 3

3x − 5 y +1 = 8
26. Solve the simultaneous equation  x −1 y+2
 x = 2, y = −1
3 + 5 = 8

2 x + 2 y = 9
27. Solve the simultaneous equation  x + y ( 3,0 ) , ( 0,3) 
2 = 8

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Sr1Sc Adv Maths 第十七章 指示函数与对数函数 By : S.W.Low

(D) Logarithmic Equations **must do checking!!

Solve each of the following equation.
1 1  1 
1. log 27 x = 3 2. log x 16 = −  256 
3 2  

1 5
3. 32 x = log8 + log125 2 4. log x + log ( 3x + 1) = 1 3
   

5. log ( x − 4 ) + 2log 3 = 1 + log

x
9 6. 2log ( x + 6 ) − log ( 2 x − 3) = 2log 4  6,14
2

7. log 5 x = log 25 ( 8 x − 15 ) 3,5 8. log 4 ( x + 4 ) + 1 = log 2 ( x + 1)  5

2
9. log 4 2 + log 9 ( 2 x + 5 ) = log 8 64 11 10. log16 ( 3x − 1) = log 4 3x + log 4 0.5 3
 

11. log 4 ( 3 − x ) + log 0.25 ( 3 + x ) = log 4 (1 − x ) + log 0.25 ( 2 x + 1)  0

1
12. log x 2 x 2 − 5 x − 6 = 1  6 13. log x − 21 + log x = 1  25
2

14. log3 y + 4log y 3 = 4 9 15. log 2 x 2 + log x 8 = 5  2, 2 2 

 

 1
16. 9log8 x − 2log x 8 + 3 = 0  2, 4  17. log 2 log 3 ( log 5 x )  = 1 59 
 

18. log3 log 2 log x 5 = 0  5

  19. 3 3 ( ) = 5
log x +1
 4

( ) = 2log
100
log 2 x 2 − 2 x − 20
20. 4 4 256
 −4,6 21. 5log x − 3log x −1 = 3log x +1 − 5log x −1

22. ( log x )( log 2 x ) − log 2 x 2 = log 0.1 5,10 23. log 2 x + log8 x = 2 ( log 2 x )( log8 x ) 1, 4
 x
24. Given that log xy − 2 = 3log y − log x + log 4 , express y in terms of x.  y = 20 
 

25. Given that a  b  1 and 2log a b + 4logb a = 9 , express b in terms of a. b = a 

 

26. Given that log 2 P − log 4 Q = 2 , express P in terms of Q. P = 4 Q 

 

 x4   x
27. Given that log 3   = 2 + 2log 3 x + log 3 y , express y in terms of x. y = 3
 y  

28. Given that log a ( 2 x 2 − 8 )  log a ( x 2 − 3x + 2 ) and 0  a  1 , find the range of x.  −5  x  2