PRANVEER SINGH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KANPUR

Engineering Mathematics I (BAS 103)

Unit 2: Differential Calculus- I

2x 2x +1 x −1 1
1. Find the nth derivative of the following: (ii) tan −1 (ii) log (iii) x log , (iv)
1− x 2 x−2 x +1 6x 2 − 5x + 1
,(v) If , (vi)
(−1)n −1 (n − 1)! 1
Ans: (i) (ii) n
2 sin nφ , whereφ = tan −1  , r = cos ecφ ,
r x
(−1) n −1 (n − 1)!  2 n 1   x−n x+n   (−1) n n! ( 2) n   (−1) n n! (3) n 
−  (iii) (−1) n − 2 (n − 2)!  −  − 3
5
(ii)   (iv) 2   ,(v) 5! .2 ,
2  (2 x + 1) n
( x − 2) 
n
 ( x − 1) n
( x + 1) 
n
 ( 2 x − 1) n +1   (3 x − 1) n +1 
,

(vi)

2 (i) If y = a cos(log x ) + b sin(log x ) then Show x 2 y n + 2 + ( 2 n + 1) xy n +1 + ( n 2 + 1) y n = 0 .

m
y x
(ii) If cos −1  = log  show that x 2 y n + 2 + ( 2n + 1) xyn +1 + ( n 2 + m 2 ) yn = 0 .
b m
( n − 1)!
(iii) Show that D n ( x n −1 log x) =
x
1 1
−
(iv) If y m + y m = 2 x show that ( x 2 − 1) y n + 2 + ( 2 n + 1) xy n +1 + ( n 2 − m 2 ) y n = 0
 log y 
(v) If x = sin   then show that (1 − x 2 ) yn + 2 − ( 2 n + 1) xy n +1 − ( n 2 + a 2 ) y n = 0
 a 
(vi) If y = x2 sin x, then find nth derivative of y at x=0
(vii) If y = tan −1 x show that (1 + x 2 ) yn + 2 + 2( n + 1) xyn +1 + n ( n + 1) yn = 0 and hence find the value of ( y n ) 0 .

(viii) If y = sin( m sin −1 x ), then show that (1 − x 2 ) y n + 2 − ( 2n + 1) xyn +1 − ( n 2 − m 2 ) yn = 0 and find the value of ( yn )o
(ix)If y = (sin −1 x ) 2 show that (1 − x 2 ) y n + 2 − ( 2 n + 1) xy n +1 − n 2 y n = 0 and ( yn )0 = 0 for odd n & ( y n ) 0 = 2.2 2 .4 2 .6 2 ......( n − 2) 2
for n≠2 and n is even.
(x) If y = sin log(x 2 + 2 x + 1) show that (1 + x ) 2 y n + 2 − ( 2n + 1)(1 + x) yn +1 + (n 2 + 4) yn = 0 .
(xi) If y = em cos
−1
x
( )
then show that (1 − x 2 ) yn + 2 − (2n + 1) xyn +1 − n2 + m 2 yn = 0 and then find ( y n ) 0 .

(xii)If ,find .

 y ∂ 2 u ∂ 2u
3.(i) If u = log( x 2 + y 2 ) + tan −1   show that + =0
x ∂x 2 ∂y 2
∂2z
(ii) If x x y y z z = c show that at x = y = z, = −( x log ex) −1
∂x∂y
∂ z
2
∂ z 2
(iii) If z = x y + y x , varify that =
∂x∂y ∂y∂x
 2
 ∂ ∂ ∂  9
(iv) If u = log( x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3 xyz ) show that  + +  u = −
 ∂x ∂y ∂z  ( x + y + z) 2
∂2z ∂2z
(v) If z = xy + yx, then verify that = .
∂x∂y ∂y∂x

1  ∂r   ∂r  
2 2
∂2r ∂2r
(vi) If x = rcosθ , y = rsinθ prove that + =   +   
∂x 2 ∂y 2 r  ∂x   ∂y  
 
x + 2 y + 3z  ∂u ∂u ∂u
4. (i) If u = sin −1  showthat + + + 3 tan u = 0
 8  ∂x ∂y ∂z
 x +y +z 
8 8

x y ∂u ∂u
(ii) If u = sin -1 + tan −1 show that x +y =0
y x ∂x ∂y
x2 + y 2
(iii) Verify Euler’sthm for u = log and u = ( x + y ) ( x n + y n )
xy

x3 + y3 ∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u
(iv) If u = tan−1 find x2 + y2 + 2 xy
x+ y ∂x 2
∂y 2 ∂x∂y

 x3 + y 3  ∂u ∂u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u
(v) If u = tan -1  , show that ( a ) x +y = sin 2u (b) x 2 + y2 + 2 xy = 2 cos 3u sin u
 x− y  ∂x ∂y ∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y
 

 y  y ∂u ∂u  y ∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u
(vi) If u = xφ   + ψ   show that (a) x +y = xφ   (b) x 2 + y2 + 2 xy =0
 x x ∂x ∂y x ∂x 2
∂y 2
∂x∂y
 x3 − y3 
(vii) If u = sec -1   , show that x u x + yu y = 2 cot u Also find x 2 u xx + 2 xy u xy + y 2 u yy .
 x+ y 
 

dy
5. (i) If (cos x ) y − (sin y ) x = 0 , find .
dx
du
(ii) If u = x log( xy ) where x 3 + y 3 + 3 xy = 1 , find
dx
∂u ∂u ∂u
(iii) If u = f ( x − y , y − z , z − x ) , show that + + =0
∂x ∂y ∂z
x y z ∂u ∂u ∂u
(iv) If u = f ( r , s , t ) , r = , s = , t = , prove that x +y +z =0
y z x ∂x ∂y ∂z

( )  ∂u   ∂u   ∂u 
(v) If u = f x 2 + 2 yz, y 2 + 2 xz , show ( y 2 − zx)  + ( x 2 − zy)  + ( z 2 − yx)  = 0
 ∂x  ∂y  ∂z 
 
 ∂u   ∂x   ∂v   ∂y  1
(vi) If x 2 = au + bv & y 2 = au - bv, show that     =     =
 ∂x  y  v  ∂y  x
∂u ∂
 u 2
v
 ∂x   ∂y   ∂z 
(vii) If f ( x , y , z ) = 0 show that       = −1
 ∂y  z  ∂z  x  ∂x  y
∂f ∂φ dz ∂f ∂φ
(viii) If f ( x, y ) = 0 and φ ( y , z ) = 0 , show that = .
∂y ∂z dx ∂x ∂y
 y−x z−x  ∂u   ∂u   ∂u 
(ix) If u = f  , , show that x 2   + y 2   + z 2   = 0 .
 xy xz   ∂x   ∂y   ∂z 
 dy ( y tan x + log sin y ) du x 3 + xy
Ans: (i) = (ii) = 1 + log( xy ) −
dx (log cos x − x cot y ) dx y 3 + xy

6.Trace the following Cartesian curves

(i) a 2 x 2 = y 3 ( 2a − y ) (ii) y ( x 2 + a 2 ) = a 3 (iii) xy 2 = 4 a 2 ( 2 a − x ) (iv) y 2 ( 2 a − x ) = x 3 (v) x 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = a 2 ( x 2 − y 2 ) ,
1 1 1
(vi) y 2 ( x + a ) = x 2 (3a − x ) , (vii) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 (viii) x 2 y 2 = a 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) (ix) x 3 + y 3 = 3axy (x) y 2 ( x 2 − 1) = x .

7.Trace the following Polar curves:

(i) r 2 = a 2 cos 2θ (ii) r = a (1 − cos θ ) (iii) r = acos2θ (iv) r = a (1 + cos θ ) (v) r = a sin 3θ (vi) r = a sin 2θ