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 Xedia Process Solutions (XPS)

XPS develops and applies innovative water treatment technologies to the oil & gas and industrial sectors

DIAGNOSIS, COMISSIONING FULLY INTEGRATED DROP-IN REPLACEMENTS: UNCONVENTIONAL

& FIELD SERVICES TREATMENT SYSTEMS CARTRIDGES & BULK MEDIA WATER TREATMENT

2 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Xedia Process Solutions (XPS)

XOP Patented Oil XDN Patent-pending XTB Microporous Aeromax Patented

Polishing Media Modified Nutshell Media Oil/TSS Removal Media Aeration Systems

3 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

XDN Modified Nutshell Media
Nutshell Filtration & XDN Modified Nutshell Media
 Nutshell Filtration Summary

Crushed Walnut Shells are widely used across the oil and gas industry as a filtration
media for “polishing” Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Oil in Water (OIW) out of
produced water

Typically, NSFs are used in water or steam flood operations downstream of flotation and
upstream of any softening process.

They are used in both vertical and horizontal filter configurations and there are a
number of regeneration or “scouring” techniques in the market, generally speaking:
impeller-style, scrubber tube-style, or air-scoured

Typical boundary conditions/performance expectations (Rawlins/Erikson, 10-018, 2010):

Parameter Value /Range Note

OIW < 50 ppm inlet / < 5 ppm outlet *Performance dependent on droplet size
TSS < 25 ppm inlet / < 5 ppm outlet *Performance dependent on particle size
Design Flux 10 – 16 gpm/ft2 *Operating fluxes as low as 5 gpm/ft2 observed
Media Used 12/20 mesh Black/English *Pecan shell also secondarily used

6 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Nutshell Filtration Limitations & Genesis of XDN

Oil and Gas Water Treatment Filters have used walnut shell media for around half a century, yet
have various well-known weaknesses in performance and capacity:

Limited Operating Flux – requiring large units and high CAPEX/bottlenecking in brownfield

Limited OIW Removal Efficiency – especially with small oil droplet sizes

Limited capacity for upsets – low performance when inlet oil content is higher than 50ppm

Limited oil holding capacity – approximately 5% by weight under normal conditions

Limited TSS removal capability – generally low efficiency when particles are < 10 micron

XPS sought to create a chemically modified nutshell media which could be retrofitted into existing
infrastructure to address the above limitations, especially flux & OIW removal/robustness….

7 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Xedia-XDN – Advanced Modified Nutshell Media

Patented-pending, organically-modified nutshell

media designed to remove TSS & hydrocarbons from
aqueous systems.

Replaces Standard Nutshells in Existing Installations:

Increased Oil Removal Efficiency
Ability to Remove Smaller Oil Droplets
Increased TSS Removal Efficiency
Ability to remove Smaller TSS Particles
Increased Flow Capacity per Vessel
Maintained Performance During Upset Conditions Physical Properties

Color Brown
Size Availability
Specific Gravity 1.2 – 1.4
Material Size Range Size Range
Number (U.S. Mesh) (Micron) Hardness 3 MOHS
XDN-1220 12 / 20 1680 – 840 Moisture NMT 10% by weight

8 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 XDN Commercial Lifecycle

Lab Testing, Full Scale Field Commercial

R&D
POC Testing Implementation

Lab work and initial trials completed during development presented at this event last year

XDN has now been reviewed by 3 lab facilities and installed at 10 separate water treatment
facilities across 4 regions in 3 countries

All installations have been brownfield retrofits

Results have been overwhelmingly positive, and surprising a times, especially regarding TSS
removal

9 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

XDN Case #1: Permian Basin Effluent Quality Improvement
 Permian Basin Effluent Quality Improvement

Purpose: Recycling of produced water for hydraulic fracturing

Project Scope: Xedia-XDN was installed in an existing nutshell filter in parallel to Standard English Walnut Shells
for side-by-side oil removal performance and longevity comparison.

Location: Permian Basin, West Texas, USA

Date: Commenced 7th April, 2016 (Ongoing) Permian Basin Installation, West Texas

Standard English Xedia-XDN

Walnut Shells Nutshells
11 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018
 Permian Basin Effluent Quality Improvement – OIW Removal

Xedia-XDN oil removal performance was measured at three different time periods, collecting inlet and outlet OIW
measurements using a Turner Designs TD-500 Handheld Fluorescence Analyzer with hexane extraction method.
Results were corroborated with lab analysis using EPA 1664.

Test #1 Test #2 Test #3

Nutshell Inlet Outlet Reduction Inlet Outlet Reduction Inlet Outlet Reduction
Media (ppm) (ppm) % (ppm) (ppm) % (ppm) (ppm) %

Xedia-XDN 31 5 85.3% 42 2 94.2% 1300 40 96.9%

English WS 34 15 57.4% 32 9 73.2% - - -

Xedia-XDN media provided 48.6% and 28.7% increases in the walnut shell filter oil removal efficiency when
respectively compared to the performance of the Standard English Nutshells in Test #1 and Test #2.

In Test #3, Xedia-XDN maintained a 96.9% oil removal efficiency, even during an upset condition of 1300 ppm inlet
oil concentration.

12 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Permian Basin Effluent Quality Improvement – Longevity Evaluation

Sustained Performance Improvement

In addition to validating full-scale improved performance in the field, it was the intent to also validate the sustained
improvement of the media through multiple backwash cycles

After 6 months of field use (est. 360+ Backwash cycles), samples of the Xedia-XDN and parallel English Walnut
Shells were again collected and returned to the lab column for performance testing
Performance was measured using a Jorin ViPA for droplet size distribution analysis

Oil Removal Efficiency of Original Virgin Oil Removal Efficiency After 6 Months in
Field Service:
EWS 65% efficient
EWS 63.75% efficient, Avg. Eff.
XDN 94% efficient Droplet size: 17.20 micron

XDN 91.25% efficient, Avg. Eff.

Droplet size: 12.94 micron

13 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

XDN Case #2: Colombia EOR Effluent Quality
& Capacity Improvement
 Colombia EOR Effluent Quality and Capacity Improvement

(3) x 40,000 BWPD nutshell filters (normally run at 35,000

BWPD) – Design flux of ~13 gpm/sq ft

Produced water is treated by the filters and sent for reinjection

for EOR

Historically, there have been injection issues due to solids. Extra

capacity is desired due to downtime issues.

Targeting 100% removal of TSS >5 micron and 22 gpm/ft2 flux

Flow rates of ~0.6 gpm and ~1.1 gpm were used to simulate flux
of 13 gpm/sq ft & 22 gpm/sq ft, respectively – simulating 35K
BWPD and 60K BWPD flow rates in the existing full scale filters.
Two (2) 49” tall x 3” diameter
TSS was measured by processing 1L of sample water through 5 Columns were used to simulate
micron, pre-weighed milipores. bed depth within the larger filter

O&G was measured via Varsol extraction and spectrometry via

calibrated Hach unit in the lab

15 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Colombia EOR Effluent Quality and Capacity Improvement – Std. Media

Oil Removal (ppm) Vs. Flow (gpm) TSS Removal (mg/l) Vs. Flow (gpm)
50 4.0 14.0 4.0
3.5 12.0 3.5
40
3.0 3.0

Flow rate (gpm)

10.0

Flow Rate (gpm)

O&G (ppm)

30 2.5 2.5

TSS (mg/L)
2.0 8.0
2.0
20 1.5 6.0
1.5
1.0 4.0
10 1.0
0.5
2.0 0.5
0 0.0
0.0 0.0
Flow Inlet ppm Outlet ppm
(gpm) Flow (gpm) Inlet TSS (mg/l) Outlet TSS (mg/l)

Average Oil Removal Eff.: 56% Important Comments/Notes:

Average TSS Removal Eff.: -14% Solids efficiency listed negative as accumulated solids were
pushed through bed during the test

16 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Colombia EOR Effluent Quality and Capacity Improvement – XDN Media

Oil Removal (ppm) Vs. Flow (gpm) TSS Removal (mg/L) Vs. Flow (gpm)
45 4.0 10.0 4.0
40 3.5 9.0 3.5
35 8.0
3.0 3.0
7.0

Flow Rate (mg/L)

Flow Rate (mg/L)

30
2.5 2.5
O&G (ppm)

6.0

TSS (mg/L)
25
2.0 5.0 2.0
20
1.5 4.0 1.5
15
3.0
10 1.0 1.0
2.0
5 0.5 1.0 0.5

0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Flow (gpm) Inlet ppm Outlet ppm Flow (gpm) Inlet TSS (mg/l) Outlet TSS (mg/l)

Average Oil Removal Eff. (LF): 81% Important Comments/Notes:

Average Oil Removal Eff. (HF): 90% Inlet oil and flux did not seem to affect OIW removel Eff.
Higher flux seemed to improve TSS removal Eff.
Average TSS Removal Eff. (LF): 26%
Average TSS Removal Eff. (HF): 37%

17 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Colombia EOR Effluent Quality and Capacity Improvement – Conclusions

When removing the outliers caused by either channeling, coalescing effect, or bed
capacity, XDN has performance far superior to standard nutshell media, even at a flux
of 22 gpm/sqft.

Average effluent O&G for XDN is 4 ppm with a minimum of 2 ppm and a maximum of 8
ppm
Average effluent O&G for BWS is 16 ppm with a minimum of 12 ppm and a maximum of 20
ppm

Average effluent TSS for XDN is 5.1 ppm with a minimum of 3.9 ppm and a maximum of 7.6
ppm
Average effluent TSS for BWS is 7.4 ppm with a minimum of 5.4 ppm and a maximum of
10.3 ppm

Average effluent oil from XDN shows 75% improvement over baseline

Average effluent TSS from XDN shows 31% improvement over baseline (we were told
TSS never measured <5 mg/l. We were <5 mg/L in eleven (11) out of seventeen (17)
measurements using XDN

Reducing TSS by 50% or 4 ppm amounts to ~140 lbs removed per day at 100,000 BPD
(that’s 51,100 lbs per year) and we expect better performance at full scale

18 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

XDN Case #3: California Steam Flood Debottlenecking
 California Steam Flood Debottlenecking

California produced water treatment facility

Produced water is treated and reused for steam generation

Nutshell Filter Capacity is 3 x 25,000 BWPD (12gpm/ft2 flux) for total

of 75,000 BWPD

E&P Customer wants more steam and thus to increase the capacity
of their existing nutshell filters without adding additional capital NV-4 NV-2 NV-1
equipment or damaging downstream softening and steam
generation processes.

Vessels NV-1 & NV-4 (see picture) were used for the trial, NV-1
contained standard nutshell media, NV-4 was loaded with Xedia’s
XDN Modified Nutshell Media. Flow rate was manipulated while
examining effluent water quality through the filters in parallel.

OIW data was taken via Turner TD-500 hexane extraction method
(verified by independent Oilfield Services (OFS) company)
XDN Modified Media Standard Nutshell Media
TSS data mg/l and Particle Size Distribution was taken via Millipore
“Stacks” by independent OFS company

20 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 California Steam Flood Debottlenecking – OIW Removal

NV-1 (Standard) vs. NV-4 (XDN) OIW Removal Data

Inlet
16
OIW Concentration (mg/L)

Average Inlet OIW = 9.1 ppm

14
12
NV-1 (Standard Nutshell Media)
10
Average Outlet OIW = 4.4 ppm
8
Average Removal Efficiency = 39%
6
4
NV-4 (XDN Modified Nutshells)
2
Average Outlet OIW = 0.1 ppm
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Average Removal Efficiency = 99%
Sample #

Inlet OIW NV-1 Outlet OIW NV-4 Outlet OIW

21 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 California Steam Flood Debottlenecking – Flux

NV-4 XDN OIW Removal Efficiency vs. Flow Rate

40,000
95%

OIW Removal Efficiency

Flow Rate (BWPD)
35,000
85%

30,000 75%
Filter Rated
Flow Capacity 65%
25,000
55%
20,000
45%

15,000 35% Average NV-1 Oil

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Removal Efficiency

Sample #
Flow Rate (BWPD) XDN OIW Removal Efficiency

Oil removal efficiency of modified media maintained at much higher levels than standard
media even when running at ~150% of rated flow (approximately 18gpm/ft2 flux)

22 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 California Steam Flood Debottlenecking – TSS Removal

Average NV-1 vs. NV-4 Outlet TSS (mg/l), Non-Cumulative

25 23.4 Inlet
Average Inlet TSS = 15.1 mg/L
20
17.4
NV-1 (Standard Nutshell Media)
TSS (mg/L)

15
Average Outlet TSS = 8.4 mg/L
10 8 Average Removal Efficiency = 44%

5 4.05 3.45
2.6
1.4 1.3 0.85 1.4 0.85
NV-4 (XDN Modified Nutshells)
0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.9
0
Average Outlet TSS = 2.2 mg/L
>0.45 um >0.8 um >3 um >5 um >10 um Total Average Removal Efficiency = 85%

TSS Particle Size (micron)

Inlet NV-1 Out NV-4 Out

TSS removal efficiency improved & average particle size decreased using XDN Media.
Only 1 ppm of particles larger than 5 micron remained on average following XDN treatment.

23 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 California Steam Flood Debottlenecking – TSS Removal

NV-1 NV-4

Minimal
Relatively high Contamination
contamination (XDN)
(Standard Media)

Millipore stacks taken at the effluent of NV-4 (Left) and NV-1 (Right) visually validate
analytical data for TSS contamination post-treatment.

24 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

Overall Conclusions
 Xedia-XDN – Overall Conclusions

XDN media…

Has been deployed in a variety of applications, and successfully repeatedly performed

Can be used to increase flux (debottleneck) and maintain performance in existing assets

Exhibits higher efficiency OIW removal and has shown to reduce average droplet size versus standard media effluent

Exhibits higher efficiency TSS removal and has shown to reduce average effluent particle size versus standard media effluent

Shows improved ability to handle upset conditions versus standard media

XDN can be used by Operators to…

Minimize Ongoing OPEX (fouling of downstream equipment)

Eliminate Additional CAPEX Requirements

Increase Flow Capacity

Improve Overall Effluent Water Quality

Maintain Effluent Quality During Upsets (e.g. Oil Slugs, Fine Droplets, Emulsions)

26 © 2018 Xedia Process Solutions LLC 23 February 2018

 Having water treatment challenges?
Contact us to discuss your options for:

Commercial Solutions • Pilot Studies • Feasibility Testing

+1.844.XediaPS (933.4277)
info@xediaprocess.com