Statistics Take-Away Cat, January 2022

1. Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous;

X: the number of car accidents per year in a town.
Y: the length of time to play 18 holes of golf.
Z: the amount of milk produced yearly by a particular cow.
N: the number of eggs laid each month by a hen.
Q: the weight of grain produced per acre.
R: waiting time between phone calls to a call center. (3 Marks)

2. The sample mean and sample variance of 5 data values are x⎺=104 and s²=8.5. If three
of the data values are 102,100 and 105 what are the other two data values? (2 Marks)
3. List the elements in each of the following sample spaces;
a. The set of integers between 1 and 50 that are divisible by 8
b. The set S={x such that 𝑥 2 +4x -5 =0}
c. The set of outcomes when a coin is tossed until a head or three tails appear
d. The set S={x such that x is the number of heads when six coins are tossed}
(2 Marks)
4. Suppose that in a senior college class of 500 students it is found that 210 smoke, 258
drink alcohol, 216 eat between meals, 122 smoke and drink, 83 eat between meals and
drink, 97 smoke and eat between meals and 52 engage in all three of the bad practices.
If a member of this senior class is selected at random, find the probability that the
student;
a. Smokes but does not drink
b. Eats between meals and drinks but does not smoke
c. Neither smokes nor eats between meals (6 Marks)

5. A coin is biased such that a head is 3 times likely to occur as a tail. Find the expected
number of tails when this coin is tossed twice. (2 Marks)
6. Given a standard normal distribution, find the value of k such that
a. P(Z < k)= 0.0427
b. P(Z > k)= 0.2946
c. P(-0.93 < Z < k)= 0.7235 (6 Marks)
7. The UK Health Department has pursued a policy designed to prevent an increase in
obesity amongst the population. A random sample of 60 people was followed for 10
years. The mean weight gain has been 3 lbs, with a sample standard deviation of 9.1
lbs.
 a. Using a 1% significance level, test the null hypothesis that average weight gain is
zero against the alternative that it is greater than zero. (3 Marks)
b. A similar policy has been pursued in Norway. In this case the mean weight gain in a
random sample of 70 people has been 1.3 lbs, with a standard deviation of 16.1 lbs.
i. Does the evidence suggest that the policy has differed in its effectiveness
between the two countries? (5 Marks)
ii. If the Norwegian sample size had been lower, explain what, if anything,
would happen to the probability of a Type II error and the power of the test
in part (a). (3 Marks)

8. A primary school introduces a new technique for teaching maths. 11 pupils are tested
before and after exposure to the new technique and achieve the following scores:

Pupil: A B C D E F G H I J K

Before 52 60 58 58 53 51 52 59 60 53 55

After 56 65 63 60 55 56 55 59 61 58 56

Clearly stating any assumptions you make, test the hypothesis that scores have improved after
exposure to the new technique. (6 Marks)

9. The school in Q8 above tests 10 pupils in another class at the same time as the pupils in
Q8. The new technique is not used on these pupils. The results are as follows:

Pupil: L M N O P Q R S T U

Before 51 59 51 53 58 58 60 55 61 54

After 54 63 55 57 63 58 58 60 61 51

Using the data both here and in Q8, test the hypothesis that the technique has led to improved
scores. (6 Marks)

10. The grades of a class of 9 students on a midterm report (x) and on the final examination
(y) are as follows:
 X 77 50 71 72 81 94 96 99 67

Y 82 66 78 34 47 85 99 99 68

a. Estimate the linear regression line.

b. Estimate the final examination grade of a student who received a grade of 85 on the
midterm report. (6 Marks)