UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur

Science Investigatory

EGGSHELLS USED IN MAKING TILES

Carla C. Entrada, Rosel Mercy Mae A. Orias,

Jennefer Q. Pia, Monica B. Quezada
RESEARCHERS

Mary Grace M. Cena

ADVISER

Mary Ann R. Vistal Pamela Lou Suazo

PANELIST PANELIST

Ronald L. Madelo Rey John Gallentes

PANELIST PANELIST
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt

gratitude to all those who have helped to make this study
possible:

 First to the heavenly father for the gift of life,

knowledge, wisdom, and guidance.
 To Mrs. Mary Grace M. Cena for the encouragement, support
and guidance to complete the study.
 To the parents of the researchers for the encouragement
and support morally and financially.
Thank you so much for your kind hearts and helping hand!
-The Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I

TABKE OF CONTENTS II

Abstract 01

INTRODUCTION 02-03

METHODOLOGY 03-05

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 07-08

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 08-09

RECOMMENDATION 10

REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS

Table 1. Measurements of the Materials 04

Table 2. Data of Controlled Variables 04-05

Table 3. Result of the Tests 05

Graph 1. First Trial Drop Test 05

Graph 2. Final Trial Hammer Drop Test 06

Graph 3. Final Trial Drop Test 06

 01

ABSTRACT

This study
 02

INTRODUCTION

The constant change of the world caused a shift in

man's perception of beauty and aesthetics. Over the years,
people have been constantly making and designing home and
building elements with the aim of adding functionality and
aesthetic appeal.
The tile was one of man's greatest home element inventions.
Tiles are primarily used to protect different areas of the
house, including floors, roofs, walls, countertops, etc. Tiles
have shown effectiveness in keeping their areas well protected
and beautiful at the same time. However, it is not always on
the affordable side. In low-income countries like the
Philippines, the ability to buy tiles is a luxury for most
people. In such cases, low-cost tiles that still offer the
same benefits would be a smart alternative.
In this regard, a study that aims to create low-cost tiles
has been produced. Made from non-harmful and biofriendly
materials, the researchers intend to design, formulate, and
create tiles that are budget-friendly, eco-friendly, and
harmful chemical-free, yet can still serve their purpose in
functionality and appeal, and are marketable as well.
In this research, the researchers will use eggshells as an
alternative to most of the components in making tiles. The
researchers will then try to formulate the components of the
tiles using the alternative elements and test the strength and
effectiveness of the end product using the different tile
tests.
According to Omar (2010), “the use of eggshells in micro size
will increase the rigidity and stiffness of the composite,
making it a suitable flooring material. This is due to the
nature of eggshells which can be used as rigid particulate
fillers of the tiles.”
 03
Continuation of introduction:
This study was conducted to ensure another component of
making tiles. With the lack of components for making tiles,
the researcher suggested eggshells to be used as component of
making tiles
By the end of the research, it is expected that the
researchers can present a newly formulated tile that is low-
cost with functionality that is the same as that of regular
market tile.

METHODOLOGY
I. PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
Eggshells were gathered from poultry and other sources.
The cement used as a binder was purchased from a hardware
store. Other needed materials were also gathered and most of
it were provided by the researchers such as the weighing
scale, bowl for mixing the eggshells and cement, mortar and
pestle for grinding the eggshells, woods and plywood for
making molders, water, hammer, nails, and saw.
II. PREPARATION OF THE MOLDER
Molders were made out of plywood and wood with dimensions
of 12.4cm in length, 12.4cm in width, and 1.1cm in thickness.
III. PREPARATION OF TILES
The cement was mixed with enough water before being
combined with the pounded eggshells in the following
proportions: 150g eggshells to 300g cement, 100g eggshells to
200g cement, and 50g eggshells to 100g cement. The molder was
filled with the eggshells and cement mixture, which was then
dried in the sun for one week.
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Continuation of Methodology:

IV. IMPACT RESISTANCE TEST

The impact resistant test was used to determine the tiles'
durability. The tiles were hammer dropped from a height of
61cm and dropped from a height of 31cm. The results were then
recorded.
Data Collection
Table 1. Measurements of the Materials
MEASUREMENTS
MATERIALS FIRST TRIAL FINAL TRIAL
0.1 Eggshells Tile 1 85 grams Tile 1 150 grams
Tile 2 85 grams Tile 2 100 grams

Tile 3 50 grams
0.2 Cement Tile 1 125 grams Tile 1 300 grams
Tile 2 125 grams Tile 2 200 grams
Tile 3 100 grams
0.3 Water Tile 1 240 ml Tile 1 240 ml
Tile 2 240 ml Tile 2 240 ml
Tile 3 240 ml

Table 2. Data of Controlled Variables

Controlled MEASUREMENTS
Variables FIRST TRIAL FINAL TRIAL
0.1 Sizes of Length 12.4cm Length 12.4cm
the Tiles Width 12.4cm Width 12.4cm
0.2 Drying Starting 01.29.22 Starting 03.05.22
Process date date
Ending 02.02.22 Ending 03.09.22
date date
0.3 Drop Drop Test 180 cm Hammer 180cm
 Height Drop test
Drop 90cm
Test

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

I. Results
Table 3. Result of the Tests
RESULTS
TRIALS TYPE OF No. OF Very Weak Strong Very
TESTS TILES Weak (1) (2) Strong
(0) (3)
First Drop Tile 1 ✓
Trial Test Tile 2 ✓
Final Hammer Tile 1 ✓
Trial Drop Tile 2 ✓
Test
Tile 3 ✓
Drop Tile 1 ✓
Test Tile 2 ✓
Tile 3 ✓

Graphs of the Results

Graph 1. First Trial Drop Test

06
Continuation of the Graphs:

Graph 2. Final Trial Hammer Drop Test

Graph 3. Final Trial Drop Test

Graph 3. Final Trial Drop Test

II. Discussion
The results of evaluating the endurance of the tiles with
various proportions of eggshells and cement are shown in table
3.
First Trial
In the first trial, tile 1 and 2 with the same proportion of
85g of eggshells is to 125g of cement had the same results
during the drop test. With the height of 180cm, both tiles had
a crack but was not completely broken.
Final Trial
07
Continuation of the Discussion:
In the final trial, the researchers conducted two types of
impact resistance test; Hammer Drop Test and Drop Test.
Hammer Drop Test
Tile 1 with the proportion of 150g of eggshells is to 300g of
cement, had a crack.
Tile 2 with the proportion of 100g of eggshells is to 200g of
cement, had taken a bigger crack than tile 1.
Tile 3 with the proportion of 50g of eggshells is to 100g of
cement, was broken completely.
Drop Test
Tile 1 with the proportion of 150g of eggshells is to 300g of
cement, had a crack.
Tile 2 and tile 3 with different proportions of eggshells is
to cement had the same results in the drop test. Both tiles
only got a crack and is bigger than tile 1.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The goal of this research is to make tiles out of eggshells
and cement. The eggshells, cement, and water were then mixed
together to make the tiles. The materials were
well mixed before being placed in the molder. Following the
completion of all experimental tiles, tests were done using
the hammer drop test and the drop test.
Based on the results, the researchers had discovered that
the tile 1 during the hammer drop test with the proportions of
150g of eggshells is to 300g of cement, with the height of
61cm is the most durable among the two. During the drop test
with the height of 31cm, tile 1, 2 and 3 had the same results.
Therefore, the researchers concludes that tile 1 is the
most durable. And based on the conducted study it is shown
08
Continuation of the Summary and Conclusion:
that eggshells can be used in making tiles using the
proportion of tile 1 which is 150g of eggshells is to 300g of
cement.

RECOMMENDATION
Those who wish to continue this research study may have
numerous proportions to improve the tile quality.
It is highly recommended that the measurements of the
cement and water should be constant. And to conduct different
resistance test when testing the durability of the tiles, like
water absorption test and weight resistance test. It is also
important to consult professionals who works on this field, or
person’s whom have experiences on doing tiles in order to get
the results and ratings that are based on the set standard in
making tiles.
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REFERENCES