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Internet of Things ( IOT)

Dr. Jayalath Edirisinghe

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Internet of Things (IOT)

• The Internet of Things ( IOT) is the network of

physical objects or “things” embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to collect
and exchange data

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• A “Thing” in the context of the Internet of things (IoT),

is an entity or physical object that has a Unique
identifier, an embedded system and the ability to
transfer data over a network.

• Heart monitoring implants

• Biochip transponders on farm animals
• Automobiles with built-in sensors
• DNA analysis devices & Other Wearbles etc.

• These devices collect useful data with the help

of various existing technologies and then
autonomously flow the data between other devices.
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How IoT Works?

1. The Internet of Things (IoT), also sometimes referred
to as the Internet of Everything (IoE), consists of all
the web-enabled devices that collect, send and
act on data they acquire from their surrounding
environments using embedded sensors,
processors and communication hardware.
2. These devices, often called "connected" or "smart"
devices, can sometimes talk to other related devices,
a process called machine-to-machine (M2M)
communication, and act on the information they get
from one another.

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How IoT Works? cont.,

3. Humans can interact with the gadgets to set them up,
give them instructions or access the data, but the
devices do most of the work on their own
without human intervention.
4. Their existence has been made possible by all
the tiny mobile components that are available these
days, as well as the always- online nature of our
home and business networks.

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History of IoT
.
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Collection

Devices and Sensors are collecting data

everywhere

•At your home

•In your car
•At the office
•In the manufacturing plant

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Communication

Sending data and events through networks to

some destination
•A cloud platform
•Private data center
•Home network

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Analysis

•Creating information from the data

•Visualizing the data
•Building reports
•Filtering data

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Action

Action based on the information and data

•Communicate with another machine ( m2m)

•Send a notification ( sms, email, text)
•Talk to another system

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Connect with things

• Smart phone, a personal digital assistance.

• Get to know the state of things.

• Completely new way of interacting with the

world.

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Monitor things

• Smart phone with a cardiac app

connects to the remote hospital for help.

• Web linked monitor systems.

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Search for things

• Every thing will be made available in the

internet.

• Searching made easy by using tags for

every thing.

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Manage things

• More the awareness, much the managing

capability.

• Urban management.

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Control things

• Control by virtual machines

• Save time and man power.

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[Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
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[Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic ]
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[Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic ]

Few Applications of IoT

• Building and Home automation
• Manufacturing
• Medical and Healthcare systems
• Media
• Environmental monitoring
• Infrastructure management
• Energy management
• Transportation
• Better quality of life for elderly
• ... ... ...
• You name it, and you will have it in IoT!
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Sensors in even the holy cow!

In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected

and monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle.
This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of
milk. On average, each cow generates about 200 MB
information per year.
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IoT helps you in LIFE LOGGING

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Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT

“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”

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TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF IoT

At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:
• Scalability
• Technological Standardization
• Inter operability
• Discovery
• Software complexity
• Data volumes and interpretation
• Power Supply
• Interaction and short range communication
• Wireless communication
• Fault tolerance
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Criticisms and Controversies of IoT

Scholars and social observers and pessimists have
doubts about the promises of the
ubiquitous computing revolution, in the areas as:

• Privacy
• Security
• Autonomy and Control
• Social control
• Political manipulation
• Design
• Environmental impact
• Influences human moral decision making
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Smart city

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Smart city?

• What is a smart city?

• Need for smart city
• Key elements of smart city (various cities)
• Smart Service delivery areas through ICT for
Urban Management
• Life style & Composition of smartness

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What is a smart city ?

• A Smart City is the integration of technology into a
strategic approach to sustainability.
• 21st Century has brought with it a new global trend of
“sustainable urban development” and this concept
adds new dimensions to urbanization which require a
quick need to upgrade existing cities.
• The concept of a smart city is a relatively new one.
Throughout the years, with the significant
contribution from various technologies like computer
science, information technology, remote sensing,
advance multimedia world etc.
But the question is HOW WE CAN LIVE A
SMART LIFE?
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Need for smart city ?

Rapid urbanisation:
• By 2030, 60% of worlds population is expected to
live in cities results in heavy strain on energy,
transportation, water, building and public spaces.
• Increasing need is the being felt for smart city
which are both efficient, sustainable and Can
generate economic prosperity & social well being.

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Evolution of smart cities

SMARRT CITIES: E- learning, participatory governance, digital
2005+ inclusion, intelligent buildings, energy and environment efficiency
sustainable cities, carbon emissions

INTELCITIES: Online web-based learning system, integrated

approach, liveable cities
2004/5

Online information services

2000’s

1990’s Information through websites

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After studying various smarts cities in China, Europe, Amsterdam,

Barcelona and in India Lavasa city, GIFT city in Gujarat and New
Raipur...etc the key elements are stated below:
• Economic development,
• Global city investment competitiveness,
• Improving lives and livelihoods of residents
• Proper facilities for entertainment, safety, security, & education are must,
• In terms of infrastructure, the smart cities should have 24*7 availability of water
and
electricity,
• Importance should be given to public transport,
• Energy efficiency techniques using 3R’s concept
• Social infrastructure like parks, gardens, community halls for interaction in
compactness,
• Employment opportunities ,
• Efficiency, sustainability, and livable.

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•Inclusive society
Indicators •Embrace creativity
•21st century education

•Safe Smart •Entrepreneurship

•Healthy people & innovations
•Culturally vibrant & happy •Productivity
Smart •Global & local
Smart living economy
interconnectedness

Smart
city
Smart Smart
•Green buildings environment governance •Enabling supply &
•Green urban planning demand side policy
•Green energy Smart •Transparency &
•Renewable energy mobility open data
•Waste water management •ICT & E-
•sanitation Governance
•Integrated ICT, security& surveillance
•Prioritizing clean&
non motorized
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•Mixed-modal access, SPV’s

Smart •Level of qualification, flexibility to get more opportunities,

knowledge about the policies and schemes launches by the
people govt would be the first step of each and every individual,
public participation
•Indicators like entrepreneurship, productivity, self –
Smart employment rate, GDP per person, flexibility of labour
market, reliability , smart infrastructure which directly
economy proportional to the per capita income

•Efficient govt. services such as e-government portal

Smart service, e-learning project, e-passport, public participation
governance in decision making,
•Smart energy: smart grid, energy storage, smart meters
Smart •streamlined transportation in order to optimise traffic
flow and increase connectivity
mobility
Smart •renewal of energy, waste water management and provide
proper sanitation to citizens
environmen
t
•build intelligent building management systems, which
Smart living will help save up to 30% of water usage, 40% of energy
usage and reduction of building maintenance costs by
10 to 30%, smart cooling, smart heating
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• Resource • Plant management

management
• Collection,
• Distribution
distribution &
• Internal business billing
process
• Grievances
• Quality handling
• Billing
• Grievances Water supply
Municipal
handling & waste
services
water

Solid waste Revenue &

management management
• Bin & vehicle tracking
system
• Waste collection and • Property tax
transfer • E- procurement
• Treatment and • Accounting
disposal
• Personnel
• biometric attendance management
systems for sanitary
workers

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How can IoT help ?

IoT platforms can help organizations
reduce cost through improved process
efficiency, asset utilization and
productivity.

The growth and convergence of data,

processes and things on the internet would
make such connections more relevant and
important, creating more opportunities for
people, businesses and industries.

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Current status & future prospect of IoT

By the year 2020, there will be a lot more connected devices than people on
earth
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Progress Index

The sky’s not the limit. It’s only the beginning

with IoT!
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Challenges faced by IoT

At present IoT is faced with many challenges,
like -

 Scalability

 Security

 Technical requirements

 Technological standardization

 Software complexity

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City applications - at a glance

1. Smart parking: Monitoring of parking spaces

availability in the city.
2. Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and
material conditions in buildings, bridges and
historical monuments.
3. Noise Urban maps: Sound monitoring in bar areas
and centric zones in real time.
4. Smartphone detection: Detect smart phones and in
general any device which works with Wifi or
Bluetooth interfaces.
5. Electromagnetic field levels: Measurement of the
energy radiated by cell stations and and WiFi routers
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City applications - at a glance contd.,

6. Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and

pedestrian levels to optimize driving and walking
routes.
7. Smart lighting: Intelligent and weather adaptive
lighting in street lights.
8. Waste management: Detection of rubbish levels in
containers to optimize the trash collection routes.
9. Smart roads: Intelligent Highways with warning
messages and diversions according to climate
conditions and unexpected events like accidents or
traffic jams

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SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT

“I’M FULL”

ALERT

RIGHT ROUTES TIMELY SCHEDULE

UNATTENDE
D
GARBAGE
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SMART PARKING

Smart Parking Location of Parking Tiered Pricing

With Sensors Parking Utilization Parking
Availability

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SMART STREET LIGHTING

Prevent Crime with Proper Lighting

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Traffic management

• IBM Smart Cities project - Traffic Management

solutions
– Analyzing traffic patterns of buses, trains, traffic lights to
• Improve travel times
• Minimize impacts during emergencies, special events, etc
– Data collection:

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Smart public transit example

• Intermittent bus lanes in Lisbon, Portugal

– Bus/HOV lanes, though they improve traffic flow, are often empty
– Research project in Lisbon, Portugal: wireless sensors in the
ground detect presence of public transport in the bus lanes, so that
lanes are only reserved when public transit vehicles approaching

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Transportation

• Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)

• Smarter infrastructure and vehicles:
– Infrastructure: Sensors in roads monitor intensity and
fluidity of traffic to help control traffic lights more efficiently
– Vehicles: Sensors on smart vehicles
• Collision avoidance
• Navigation
– Public transit: Tracking use for more efficient route
planning

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End

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