Girth Gear Run Out Holcim 1607570289

Measurement of Girth Gear Axial Run-out
Classic Method Vs Cumulative Method
1
Agenda
§ Objectives
§ Why do we measure axial run-out?
§ Requirements on method
§ Classic Method
§ Problem with Classic Method – deformed gears
§ Cumulative Method
§ Comparison of both methods
§ Admissible run-out
§ Comments for measurements
2
Holcim Group Support (optional) Title (optional) 05.11.2003/SN/SN
(optional) Filename.ppt
2
Objectives
§ To understand necessity to have run out within

limits
§ To know the classic and cumulative methods
§ To know advantages/disadvantages of both

methods
§ To know admissible values
3
3
Why do we measure axial run out?
§ Large axial run-out leads to increased helix deviation of
tooth flanks.
§ Increased helix deviation causes uneven distributed
load on the tooth flank.
§ Uneven load on tooth flanks results in overload and
tooth damages.
à Therefore the run-out has to be monitored.
§ On the following pages the classic and cumulative
methods are described and compared.
4
4
Requirements on Method
§ Measuring the axial run-out the following has to be
considered:
4 Kilns are traveling
4 Bearings (tires of kilns and trunnion bearings of mills) can
have an axial wobble themselves
§ Both effects don't affect the helix deviation of tooth

flanks, they cause a pure axial movement.
à The method used to measure the run-out has to

compensate both effects.
5
5
Requirements on Method
§ Dial indicators are placed in a random position. There is
no reference plane to put the dial indicator on “zero".
àThe evaluation has to give the same results
independent on the “zero-position” of the dial indicators.
§ Both methods which will be presented fulfill both

requirements.
6
6
Set up - Classic Method
Ring Gear
Sensing point A and B
Two dial indicators are mounted 180° one from each other.
7
7
Visualization of Classic Method
The blue curve represents the axial position of the gear rim face to
be measured.
Distance visualized with black arrow.
The following 7 pictures show how the gear passes the dial
indicators and how the difference (dist A – dist B) develops.
2
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
8
8
Axial run out measurement reading 1
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
dist A – dist B = 0
9
9
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
dist A – dist B = 1
10
10
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
dist A – dist B = 0.25
11
11
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
dist A – dist B = -0.75
12
12
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
dist A – dist B = -2
13
13
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
dist A – dist B = -3
14
14
0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
dist A – dist B = -1.5
15
15
Evaluation of readings – Classic Method
Reading dist 1 – dist 2
1 0
2 1
3 0.25
4 -0.75
5 -2
6 -3
7 -1.5
Max – Min = 1 – (-3) = 4

Run-out: 0.5 * 4 = 2 (peak to peak value)
16
16
Verification – Classic Method
2 0 0 1 6
-1
-2
-3
-4 dist A
dist B
-5
17
17
Excel sheet for Evaluation – Classic Method
Axial Runout - Classic Method
Date: 25.12.2002
Plant: Holcim
Ring Gear: Kiln
Data sheet for readings in 12 positions
Indicator 1 Indicator 2 Indicator 1 - Difference / 2

Pos Pos
[mm] [mm] Indicator 2 [mm] [mm]
1 0.461 7 0.314 0.147 0.074

2 0.549 8 0.286 0.263 0.132
3 0.683 9 0.589 0.094 0.047
4 1.224 10 0.832 0.392 0.196
5 1.613 11 1.078 0.535 0.268
6 1.489 12 1.132 0.357 0.179
7 1.235 1 1.049 0.186 0.093
8 0.929 2 0.817 0.112 0.056

9 0.696 3 0.782 -0.086 -0.043
10 0.716 4 0.626 0.09 0.045
11 0.648 5 0.409 0.239 0.120
12 0.489 6 0.305 0.184 0.092
1 0.479 7 0.319 0.16 0.080
max (Difference) - min (Difference) = Axial RO peak to peak 0.311 18

18
Problem with Classic Method – deformed gears
Inaccurate split faces can cause deformation of ring gears as

drawn below (V-shape or potato chip shape).
Does the classic method detect all this deviations?
Ring gear perfectly plane

Ring gear perfectly plane but inclined
Ring gear in V-shape 19
19
Problem with Classic Method – Deformed Gears
Since the classic method works with two dial
indicators located in exact opposite and we use the
difference between the two readings the axial
deformation of a V-shaped gear would not be
detected at all.

Ring gear in V-shape
20
20
Problem with Classic Method – Deformed Gears
The classic method works perfectly for plane gears
which are mounted inclined towards the axis.

Ring gear perfectly plane but inclined
21
21
Be aware …
§ The classic method is custom made to measure gears
which are plane in itself but inclined towards the axis of
rotation.
§ Since the sensing points are located over 180° only
deviations over 180° are detected fully.
§ On ring gears which are not plane the classic method
will not detected the run-out to its full extent or not at all.
à If there is a need to analyze the axial run-out in detail,
apply the
cumulative method
22
22
Set up - Cumulative Method
Ring Gear
Two dial indicators are mounted

(360°/n) one from each other, n is
typically 16 (12). On the gear all
16 (12) sectors have to be
labeled. The corresponding
chord length can be calculated
with the attached excel sheet.
Chord length
Sensing point A and B, angle 360°/n (n=16, 12)

23
23
Cumulative method
§ The cumulative method cumulates the axial
displacement stepwise over the circumference in 16
(12) steps.
§ Readings are taken simultaneously on both dial
indicators 16 (12) times per revolution.
§ The accumulation of differences of readings taken
simultaneously gives the actual face profile.
§ A correction has to be applied because the position of
the dial indicators at the start is unknown (see excel
sheet).
24
24
Cumulative method
2
0 0 1 6
2
-1
1
-2
0 0
2 1 6
-3
-1
dist B 1
-4
1 dist A
-2
0
-5 0 1 6
-3
-1
dist B
-4
2 dist A -2
-5
-3
dist B
-4
3 dist A
Labels for limits of sectors -5
25
25
Cumulative method
1.5
1
d3 d2
0.5 d1
0 0 1 6
-0.5 Point 1: 0
-1
Point 2: d1 *
Point 3: d1+d2 *
-1.5
Point 4: d1+d2-d3 *
-2
* Schematic explication, neglecting correction mentioned above 26

26
Be aware …
To perform the cumulative method the sectors

have to be marked accurately and the readings
taken exactly on the labeled positions.
27
27
Excel sheet for evaluation – Cumulative Method
Axial run out - Cumulative Method
fill in
Date: 25. Okt 02
Plant Holcim
Equipment Kiln
No of meas. Pt. n 16
Meas. Diam [mm] 7619
Chord length 1486.393163
Pos at A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A [mm] 0.707 0.924 1 0.924 0.707 0.383 0 -0.383 -0.707 -0.924 -1 -0.924 -0.707 -0.383 0 0.283
B [mm] 0.3827 0.7071 0.9239 1 0.9239 0.7071 0.3827 1E-16 -0.383 -0.707 -0.924 -1 -0.924 -0.707 -0.383 -2E-16
A-B [mm] 0.3243 0.2169 0.0761 -0.076 -0.217 -0.324 -0.383 -0.383 -0.324 -0.217 -0.076 0.076 0.2169 0.3241 0.3827 0.283
Sum A-B -0.100

Sum/n -0.006
Runout [mm] 0 -0.331 -0.554 -0.636 -0.566 -0.356 -0.038 0.3386 0.7153 1.0334 1.244 1.3139 1.2317 1.0085 0.6782 0.2892
max. value 1.3139

min. value -0.636 Runout - Cumulative method
axial run out peak to peak 1.95
1.5
Runout [mm]
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
360°/n -0.5
-1
B Position
A
28
28
Classic Method vs. Cumulative Method
Classic Method
§ pro well known and in most cases sufficient
§ con actual face profile not detected
§ con access to measuring positions difficult
Cumulative Method
§ pro access to measuring position easy
§ pro actual face profile detected
§ con more susceptible for wrong handling
29
29
Admissible Run Out - Limits
§ Limits are different for kilns and mills. Some suppliers
differ between newly installed and older gears.
§ Be aware of dealing with peak to peak values vs.
amplitude values (1/2 of peak to peak)
§ The admissible limits are to be found in suppliers
handbooks.
§ Some typical values are plotted on the following page
30
30
Admissible Run Out - Limits
Axial Run Out - peak to peak

1.8
1.6 FALK kiln
1.4 FLS kiln
FALK mill
Run out [mm]
1.2
FLS mill
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Diameter [m]
31
31
Comments for Measurements
§ Run-outs have to be measured on “hot” equipment
§ Make sure to have a stable and rigid base to mount the
dial indicators in order to avoid disturbances due to
vibrations
§ Perform the reading of the run-out at least 2 times in
row.
32
32

Girth Gear Run Out Holcim 1607570289

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Measurement of Girth Gear Axial Run-out

Classic Method Vs Cumulative Method

§ Why do we measure axial run-out?

§ To understand necessity to have run out within

§ To know advantages/disadvantages of both

§ Both effects don't affect the helix deviation of tooth

à The method used to measure the run-out has to

§ Both methods which will be presented fulfill both

Sensing point A and B

dist A – dist B = 0.25

dist A – dist B = -0.75

dist A – dist B = -1.5

Max – Min = 1 – (-3) = 4

Data sheet for readings in 12 positions

Indicator 1 Indicator 2 Indicator 1 - Difference / 2

1 0.461 7 0.314 0.147 0.074

8 0.929 2 0.817 0.112 0.056

max (Difference) - min (Difference) = Axial RO peak to peak 0.311 18

Inaccurate split faces can cause deformation of ring gears as

Ring gear perfectly plane

Ring gear perfectly plane

Ring gear perfectly plane

Two dial indicators are mounted

Sensing point A and B, angle 360°/n (n=16, 12)

* Schematic explication, neglecting correction mentioned above 26

To perform the cumulative method the sectors

Sum A-B -0.100

max. value 1.3139

Axial Run Out - peak to peak

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