Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prep. by Abubeker B.
March, 2022
“Like voting in
Chicago,
go early and
often.”
—William P. Miles
Elements of design
• Everything you can see has a design.
• When you describe something you see, you use words
that tell about the lines, shapes, colors, textures and
spaces.
• Line, shape, color, texture and space are the basic
elements of design.
• They are tools and devices used in the process of
architectural design.
Composition
“ Architecture is a frozen music”
• So, What and where
are the words and
the instruments?
Series of points
• Create direction
• Show motion
Properties of a point
Points in combination represent
• Shape
• Form
• Idea
• Concept
Properties of a point
Points to consider in preparing a composition
• Color
• Size
• Location
• Shape
• Arrangement
Properties of a point
• Patterns and illustrations using points/dots
Points in architecture
Points in architecture
Line
Line
• A point in motion
• A point is by nature static and a line
is the path of a point.
• Has length, but no width or depth.
• Visually expresses direction,
movement and growth.
Line
It can serve to:
a. Join, link, support,
surround, or intersect
other visual elements.
b. Describe the edges of a
plane
c. Articulate the surface of
a plane.
Line
Creates sense of:
a. Movement
b. Direction
c. Height
d. Outline
Line
• Creates pattern
Line
Lines in your piece can:
• Convey a mood or an emotion.
• Organize the design.
• Create a texture.
• Create movement.
• Define shape.
• Call attention to a word.
• Connect pieces of information in your layout.
• Frame an image or a word.
Types of line
Nature of lines
Vertical Line
• Over powering
• Loftiness
• Greatness
• Gentleness
• Spiritual
Nature of lines
Horizontal Line
• Rest
• Calmness
• Stability
• Quite
Nature of lines
Diagonal Line
• Dynamic
• Motion
• Active
• Unstable
• Speed
Nature of lines
Curved Line
• Comfort
• Relaxation
• Pleasure
• Natural
Linear elements
Can perform the following structural functions
• Elegant
• Flowing
• Growth
• Movement
• Reminder of
nature
Perception of planes
Geometric Shapes
• Strength, stability, sharpness
and dignity
Primary planes
Circle
• When a point rotates around a center with equal distance
• Centralized
• Self centered
• Organize things
Primary planes
Circle
Primary planes
Triangle
• An area bounded by three edges
• Seat on one side
Stable
Spiritual
• Seat at vertices
Unstable
Dynamic
Motion
Primary planes
Triangle
Primary planes
Square and rectangle
• An area bounded by four equal edges
• Seat on its side
Static
Neutral
• Seat on its vertices
Dynamic
In motion
Plane compositions
Planes
In architectural design, we manipulate three generic
types of planes:
I. Overhead Plane
II. The wall plane
III. Base plane
Plane composition in architecture
Volume
Volume
When a plane extrudes or rotates
Three dimensional (3D) with length, width
and height
Volume
Volume is composed of
a. Points: corners
b. Lines: edges
c. Planes: surfaces
Volume
• cube,
• cylinder,
• Cone,
• Prism,
• Pyramid,
• Frustum,
• Sphere and so on….
Form
• Sample composition of forms
Volumetric composition in architecture
Quiz
• Sketch/ Draw the Development of the ff. geometric
forms.
Space
Space
• is the 3D volume that can be empty or filled with
objects.
• It has width, height, and depth.
• Various techniques can be used to show the visual
depth of a space.
• For example, a space that appears 3D in a 2D
painting is an illusion that creates a feeling of actual
depth.
Space types
• Open and uncluttered spaces
• Cramped and busy spaces
• Unused vs good use of space
Types of space
VOID
• It is negative space.
MASS
• It is positive space.
Color
Color
• Is the aspect of things that is caused by differing
qualities of light being reflected or emitted by
them.
• To see color, you have to have light.
• Our eyes only see the colors that are bounced off
or reflected.
Color considerations
• Lighting has an important role for the use of colors
in buildings.
• The other key design element related to color is
that of texture.
• Separate items may possess the same color but
alternate or contrasting textures.
Types of color
PRIMARY COLORS:
• Primary colors are the 3 pigment colors that can not be
mixed or formed by any combination of other colors.
SECONDARY COLORS:
• These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors.
TERTIARY COLORS:
• These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a
secondary color.
Types of color
Primary colors are:
• Red, yellow and, blue
What are the primary colors?
• These are 3 pigment colors that can
not be mixed or formed by any
other color combinations.
COLOR WHEEL
Colors
There are two different ways to mix colors.
Additive and Subtractive
• Cool Colors
• Blues, purples, greens
Color effects
VISUAL/ IMPLIED
• Is a visual quality of a surface.
• Is an illusion of texture created by an artist.
Tactile textures
Tactile textures
Texture
Homogeneity & heterogeneity in texture
Homogeneity in texture
Heterogeneity in texture
Texture in architecture
Questions…..?