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2.
-
-
3.
-
-
1 3
S
H
T
S HHH , HHT , HTH , HTT , THH , THT , TTH , TTT
n(s) = 8
E 0, E 1 , E 2 E3 3
1 3
P E0 P E1
8 8
3 1
P E2 P E3
8 8
3
X S
{0, 1, 2, 3}
( 6 1
X (HHH ) 3 X (HHT ) 2
X (HTH ) 2 X (HTT ) 1
X (THH ) 2 X (THT ) 1
X (TTH ) 1 X (TTT ) 0
(random variable)
X, Y, Z
x, y, z
1 3 x X
x {0,1,2, 3}
X=x x
P (X 0) P (E 0 ) 0
P (X 1) P (E1 ) 1
P (X 2) P (E 2 )
P (X 3) P (E 3 ) 3
1
{2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10,11,12}
( 6
1 1 0 1
{0,1}
1
{1, 2, 3,...}
6
[150,190]
[1, 6]
[0, ]
1 X1 50
X2 100
3 X3
X4
( 6 3
5 X5 -
6 X6
(GB)
( )
(
4
( 6 4
6 50
( )
0 6
1
17
3 4
4 1
1 X
x x {0,1, 2, 3, 4}
(probability distribution)
( 6 5
x 0 1 2 3 4
P (X x)
X 1 3
X
( 6 6
Y
1 Y
( 6 7
0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1 5 6 3 8 7 3 3
X
X
100 0 1 3 4 5 6
41 17 14 4 3 0 1
( 6 8
3. Z
Z
( 6 9
(expected value) X
X
n
n
X
X x x iPP
( (XX x ix)i )
i 1i
i 1
n X
x 1, x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n X
3
X X
nn
2
XX
(x(xi i XX
)2)PP(X
(X xxi )i )
i i1 1
2
X
X
n X
x 1, x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n X
4 6 50
1 X
0 6
1
17
3 4
4 1
( 6 10
5
–7
6 X 1
X
( 6 11
7 Y
Y
( 6
0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1 5 6 3 8 7 3 3
X
X
( 6 13
100 0 1 3 4 5 6
41 17 14 4 3 0 1
( 6 14
Z
Z
( 6 15
6 3 11
X
1) X
( 6 16
2, 000, 000
2, 000, 000
50, 000
(
60
0 1 3
47 4 6 3
11 1
( 6 17
4
X X x 1, x 2 , x 3 ,..., x n
X
(discrete uniform distribution)
11
P (PX(X x i )x i ) i i {1,{2,
1, 3 .,.n.,}n }
2,,.3.,.
nn
8 1 1 X
X
X
( 6 18
9 1
500 X
1) X
3 150 1
( 6 19
1 X1 1
X2 1 10
3 X3
80
4 X4
0 1 3 4
16 16 16 16 16
( 6
X
X 10
X
100
( 6
1
a
0 a 5 Z
1 a 5 Z
a Z
3 a 1
( 6
5 10
500
300
( 6
5
(binomial distribution)
X n
p
1-p
Note! - n p
X B(n, p) X
n p
- 1
(Bernoulli trial) 1
1 n
3 p 0 p 1
q (1 - p)
( 6
1
X
n x n x
P (X x) p (q ) x 0, 1, 2,..., n
x
X
np
X
npq
n
p
q (1 p)
10 X B(8, 0.7) X
P (X 4)
P (X 6)
( 6
P (X 5)
P (3 X 7)
11 X B(5, 0.4)
P (X 1)
P (X 4)
P (X 4)
( 6
P (1 X 4)
12 X 5 1 7
1 X
5 5
( 6
3 X
4 X
( 6
13
1)
( 6
14
5 1
1)
( 6 30
X B(6, 0.3)
P (X 2)
P (X 2)
P (X 2)
P (2 X 5)
( 6 31
X 6
1) X
) X
3) 3
( 6
4
5 X
3 Y 1 8
1) Y
( 6 33
5
3 8
4) Y
9
4
10
( 6 34
5
5
1
( 6 35
3
1
( 6 36
7
1 4
( 6 37
3 6
density curve)
X
y f (x ) X
(probability density function)
( 6 38
Note! f (x ) X
- f (x ) 0 x X
- 1
y f x X 1 3
3
P 1 X 3 f (x ) dx
1
( 6 39
X a X P (X a) 0
a a
[a, b ]
(a, b)
P a X b P a X b
a b X
P X a P X a P X a P X a
a X
0 8
7
–
( 6 40
6
(normal distribution)
X
22
1 1x x
11 22
f f xx ee
22 xx
X
X normal curve)
1 X
X X X
( 6 41
2
X
2
X
2
X N , X
2
( 6
7
(Standard normal distribution)
0 ( 0) 1 ( 1)
Z
2
z 2
11 z
f (fz()z ) ee
2
2 zz
22
0 1
Standard normal curve)
Standard normal
random variable)
z
Z z P Z z
( 6 43
15 Z
P Z 2
P Z 1.29
P 1.27 Z 0.45
( 6 44
16 Z
P Z 1.66
P Z 1.44
P 2.45 Z 0
) P 0 Z 1.88
( 6 45
2
X
Z
X
Z
Z z
0 z
1
a b
P a X b P Z
a, b X a b
( 6 46
X Z
X
Z
P( X ) P( 1 Z 1)
P (Z 1) P (Z 1)
0.8413 0.1587
0.6826
X [ , ]
68
( 6 47
2 X 2 ) P ( 2 Z 2)
P (Z 2) P (Z 2)
0.9772 0.0228
0.9544
X [ 2 , 2 ] 9544
2 2
( 6 48
P( 3 X 3 ) P( 3 Z 3)
P (Z 3) P (Z 3)
0.9987 0.0013
0.9974
X [ 3 , 3 ] 9
3 3 9
( 6 49
8 6
160 5 6 1
( 6 50
19
( 6 51
X
1 x X
x P X x 100% P X x 100 0
100 P X x 100 x
Z P (Z 0) 0.5
P (Z 0) 100 (0.5)(100) 50 50
( 6
1) 791
95
P (Z 1.645) 0.95
( 6 53
21 100 75
73 16
70 10
( 6 54
22 55
–
23
74 65
68
( 6 55
1 Z
P (Z 1.34)
P (Z 2.18)
P ( 2.45 Z 1.68)
P (0.91 Z 2.26)
( 6 56
10
X N 20,100
1) P X 48.9
) P X 12.9
3 P 18.5 X 37.4
( 6 57
1) 538
179
3 356
( 6 58
1
3) 14
505 111
1
1 400 600
( 6 59
) 700
3) 450
7 6
P Z 0.6745 0.25
P Z 1.2816 0.90 90
( 6 60
1
1) 30
( 6 61
3
( 6
11
8,400 360
9,500 6,000
75 55 13
68 50 10
( 6 63
13 6
4 1.5
3 0.5 , 1.5
2 0.5 , 0.5
1 1.5 , 0.5
0 1.5
( 6 64
–
160
3 180
( 6 65
X N (20, 4)
X N (50,100)
P (X 35)
P (X 55)
( 6 66
P (20 X 80)
X N (100,64)
P (X 92)
( 6 67
P (94 X 106)
P (102 X 110)
( 6 68
X N (120,225) P (X 130) P (93 X 140)
11
11
( 6 69
11
( 6 70
–
P (Z 2.054) 0.98
( 6 71
1 59 68 169
2 39
3 53 60
( 6
500
( 6 73
X
( 6 74
X N( , 2
) A B, C D
x P (X x)
3 1 D
10 C
3 6
10 B
( 6 75
11, 14
11,4
( 6 76
( 6 77
538
179
( 6 78
356
( 6 79
P (Z 0.6745) 0.75 ( )
( 6 80
8,
5,
9,
( 6 81
( 6
z 0
( 6 83
( )
0 z
( 6 84