Computer Education 7

T.L.E. – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – CSS Module 7: Selecting Measuring Instruments!
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Crisaldo S. Marfil

Editor: Michael Ivan S. Ordillano Reviewer:
Michael Ivan S. Ordillano Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. AlfonsoEdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. JaveñaEdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. AgonEdD(EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez(Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD(MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
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Perlita M. IgnacioPhD(EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD(Kindergarten/MTB-MLE) Teresita
P. TagulaoEdD(Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines byDepartment of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 8

Quarter 2 Week 1

Self-Learning Module 7

Understanding Computer Memory

Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the T.L.E. CSS Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Selecting
Measuring Instruments!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to the T.L.E CSS Grade 8 Self-Learning Module on Selecting
Measuring Instruments!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - Thispoints to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge aboutthe lesson at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review ofconcepts and skills that
you already knowabout a previous lesson.

Lesson- This section discusses the topic in the module.

 Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to
perform.

Wrap-Up- This section summarizes the concepts and application of the

lesson.

Valuing- This partintegrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire
module.

EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

A. identify object/s or component to be measured;

B. obtain correct specification from relevant source; and
C. value the importance of selecting appropriate measuring tools in line with
job requirements.

PRETEST

A. DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on the
space provided for each item.
______1. This is composed of silicon microchip that can be written and overwritten
like RAM yet it can retain data even if computer is switched off. A.
Magnetic Storage C. Optical Storage B. Memory Storage D. Solid State
Storage
______2. It is a non-volatile type of memory that stayed even if computer is switched
off.
A. RAM B. REM C. ROM D. Disc Drive
______3. Which of the following is not true about Optical Storage?
A. It is made of metal oxide material.
B. It uses laser to read and write data.
C. The flat areas of the disks are called lands, and the hollows are pits.
D. The surface of the disk is divided into tracks.
______4. This is the term for different types of storage technology that help access
the data or save data temporary or permanent.
A. Adapter C. ROM
B. Memory D. Storage
______5. Which of the following is an example of Solid State Storage?
A. Blu-Ray C. Hard disk
B. Floppy Disk D. Secure Digital (SD)

RECAP
DIRECTIONS: Search and encircle the word from the Word Search Grid that
answers the statement below. Look for them in all directions
including horizontal, vertical, and diagonal.

V E MA I L B 1. A type of virus that copies

N I O WC I R itself and harm computer.
2. Computer _______ that secures W
OR MON O your data from unwanted
B A R UN T W threats.
3. This file maintenance is done C
R Y RS C S to ensure data from getting

S A F ET Y E lost.
4. A program used to access the
B A C KUP R internet and visit websites.
 LESSON

Understanding Computer Memory

Computer memory is a common term for all the various forms of data storage
technology, a device that can use including RAM, ROM, and flash memory. Many
types of computer memory are built to be very short, which means that the central
processing unit (CPU) can easily access the data stored there.
Another way the computer memory can differ is that certain types are
nonvolatile, which means that even though there is no electricity, they can store
data on a long-term basis. And some types are volatile, always faster but losing all
the data stored on them as soon as the power is switched off.
Whenever something is loaded or opened, it became an input in RAM. This
simply means it was placed in the temporary storage area of the computer so that
the CPU could more easily access that information. The CPU requests, processes
and writes new data back to RAM in a continuous cycle from the data it needs from
the RAM.

The Primary Memory Types

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Alternatively referred to as main memory, primary memory, or program

memory, RAM (random access memory) is a hardware device that enables the
storing and retrieval of information on a computer but since it’s a volatile type, it
forgets everything when computer turned-off. Whenever something is loaded or
opened, it simply means it was placed in the temporary storage area of a computer
so that the CPU could more easily access that information. When CPU requests,
processes and writes new data back to RAM in a continuous cycle from the data it
needs from the RAM.

Early computers had RAM installed as individual chips within the

motherboard. The individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips,
seemed hard to install, and on the motherboard sometimes become loose.
Designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory
module to fix this issue. There are different types of memory module that installed
into one of the memory slots on a motherboard.

Types of RAM
• DRAM: DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM and it is the most commonly used
type of RAM in computers. The oldest form is known as Single Data Rate
(SDR) DRAM but modern computers use Dual Data Rate (DDR) DRAM more
rapidly.
 • SRAM: SRAM stands for Static RAM, and it is a different type of RAM that is
faster than DRAM but more costly and bulkier, with six transistors in each
cell.

Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) Small Outline Dual Dual In-Line Package (DIP)
Inline Memory Module
(SODIMM)

RIMM 128MB 256KB SIMM

RAMBus Inline Memory Module (RIMM) Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is a non-volatile type of memory, which means any data stored will stay
even there no power or computer is off. It is same as secondary memory where it is
used for long term storage. During the process, the CPU starts reading information
from ROM without any devices. The bootstrap code serves as an instruction in
which ROM contains which computer needs to be aware of the operating system
stored in secondary memory, loading parts of the operating system into primary
memory to start the system and become ready to use. ROM is available in different
types, including PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory).

The Secondary Memory Types

A secondary storage drive is a non-volatile unit that retains data until it has
been erased or overwritten. A hard drive or an alternative, slower SSD can be used
as secondary storage to a primary, faster, PCIe SSD. There are three types of
secondary storage in a computer system:

Solid State Storage – composed of silicon microchips where it can be

written to and overwritten like RAM. However, unlike RAM, it is non-volatile retain
its content even the computer is switched off. Good thing about this is being
portable and produces less heat than traditional storage drives. It is also known as
external drives like Solid-State Drives (SSD), USB Flash Drives, Multi Media Card
(MMC), and Secure Digital (SD).
 Solid-State Drives USB Flash Drives Multi-Media card Secure Digital

Optical Storage
Optical storage technology uses the laser / optical reflection to read or write
data. For optical storage technology, two items are needed; the optical media that
are circular disks and the other is optical drives that have the laser beam source for
lightening, and the photo diodes for producing voltage patterns when the reflection
beam hits them. The surface of the disks is divided into tracks, and each track
includes several flat areas and hollows. The flat areas are called lands, and the
hollows are known as pits. Different types of discs used today are CD (Compact
Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), and BD (Blue Ray Disc).

There are also three categories of Disc namely Read-only Drives which can only
read data on disc but cannot write or save; Write Only-Drives which writes and
saves data, and; Read and Write Drives which has a capability to read and write on
discs.

Magnetic Storage
Devices like floppy disks, tape recorder cassettes and hard disks uses
magnetic storage technology where inside have round platters composed of metal
oxide material which rotates around the spindle in a high speed. Magnetic storage
encodes data thru positive and negative magnetic polarity. Through magnetizing
platters in positive and negative polarities the pattern are stored in form of bits. The
hard disk drives’ storage capacities range from MBs (Mega bytes) to TB (Terabytes.
Types of Drive Interfaces
Manufactured Hard drives and optical drives are made with a variety of
interfaces that made it differ in each connection with computers. Upon installing a
storage drive in a computer, the connection must be compatible with both
connection interfaces on drives with controllers on the motherboard. Some common
drive interfaces are as follows:

■ Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), also known as Advanced Technology

Attachment (ATA), is an early type of drive controller interface that uses a 40-pin
connector that connects computers and hard-disk drives.

■ Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE), also known as ATA-2, is an

updated version of the IDE drive controller interface. EIDE supports hard drives
larger than 512 MB, enables Direct Memory Access (DMA) for speed, and uses the
AT Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI) to accommodate optical drives and tape
drives on the EIDE bus. An EIDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.

■ Parallel ATA (PATA) refers to ATA drive controller interface's parallel version.

■ Serial ATA (SATA) refers to the seven-pin connector serial version of the ATA drive
controller interface.

■ Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a multi-drive controller which works

on connecting both external and internal drives that connect up to 15 drives where
it uses a 50-pin, 68-pin or 80-pin connector.

ACTIVITY
A. DIRECTIONS: Solve the Crossword Puzzle by answering the given phrases
below. Write the words that correspond to each box.

Crossword Puzzle:
Across Down
1. Encodes data through positive and 2. Common term for the various forms
negative magnetic polarity of data storage
3. It is a non-volatile type of memory 4. Composed of Silicon Microchips
5. It uses the laser to read or write data
B. DIRECTIONS: Read the statement carefully. Write the word TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if it’s not. Write your answer on the space
provided.

________1. Volatile means retaining while Non-volatile vanish storage when

computer turned-off.
________2. The surface of the disks is divided into tracks, and each track includes
several flat areas and hollows.
________3. Multi-media card (MMC) is one type of Solid State Storage.
________4. SRAM is faster than DRAM.
________5. Magnetic storage technology is used by USB Flash Drive, SD, MMC.

C. DIRECTIONS: Match the correct answer on the given statement. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

A B
_____1. Any data input vanishes a. Memory
when the computer turned off.
b. SATA
_____2. refers to the seven-pin connector b. SCSI
serial version of the ATA drive
controller interface. c. Optical Storage

_____3. uses the laser / optical reflection d. Magnetic Storage

to read or write data.
e. Solid State Storage
_____4. composed of silicon microchips
where it can be written to and f. Volatile
overwritten like RAM.
g. Non-Volatile
_____5. any data stored will stay even when
the computer is powered off.

WRAP-UP

DIRECTIONS: Complete the fish diagram given below by identifying the types and
sub-types of computer memory. Choose your answer from the word
banks.

• PRIMARY STORAGE • SECONDARY STORAGE

• READ ONLY MEMORY • SOLID STATE STORAGE
• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY • OPTICAL STORAGE
• MAGNETIC STORAGE

Fish Diagram:
A.
1.

B.

Computer A.
Memory

B.
2.

C.

VALUING
 Nowadays, lots of health products exist to sharpen human memory.
Likewise, computers have exceptional memory that can able to store and retrieve
millions of characters but, it is also subject to occasional breakdown due to
maintenance failure. The same with human memory, what will you do to maintain
the memory consistency of your computer? Explain your answer. (Answer may
depend on your understanding, idea, and opinion)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

POSTTEST
A. DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on the space provided for each item.

______1. This is the term given for the different types of storage technology that help
access the data or save data temporary or permanent.
A. Adapter B. Memory C. Storage D. REM
______2. It is a volatile type of memory where it forgets everything when computer
switched off.
A. RAM B. REM C. ROM D. Storage
______3. Which of the following doesn’t belong to the group?
A. DIMM B. DIP C. SATA D. SODIMM
______4. It is a non-volatile type of memory that stayed even if computer is switched
off.
A. RAM B. REM C. ROM D. SATA
______5. Which of the following is an example of Solid State Storage?
A. Blu-Ray C. Hard disk
 B. Floppy Disk D. Secure Digital (SD)
______6. Which of the following is not true about Optical Storage?
A. It is made of metal oxide material.
B. It uses laser to read and write data.
C. The surface of the disk is divided into tracks.
D. The flat areas are called lands, and the hollows are known as pits.
______7. Which of the following describes Drive Interface?
A. Each drive interface has the same connector in every drive.
B. It has a high electric voltage.
C. It uses a pin connector to link computer and hard-disk drives.
D. It has an updated version of the controller interface known as ATA-2
______8. This is the most commonly used type of RAM in the computer.
A. DIP B. DRAM C. SRAM D. SODIMM
______9. How many pin connectors does SCSI have?
A. 50 pin B. 68 pin C. 80 pin D. 82 pin
______10. This is composed of a silicon microchip that can be written and
overwritten like RAM yet it can retain data even if a computer is switched
off.
A. Magnetic Storage C. Optical Storage
B. Memory Storage D. Solid State Storage