7/8

Technology and Livelihood Education

Information Communication Technology

CSS-Exploratory
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 7/8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Exploratory Course Computer Systems Servicing
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Emely T. Lumpas

Editors: Mela Nimfa D. Catacutan/Adriana D. Mabunga
Mary Judith Gwynne E. Valenciano
Carina A. Ortiz Luis, PhD.
Belen A. Ogatis, PhD
Reviewers: Helen N. Flora, EPS, TLE/TVL
Ma. Nimfa R. Gabertan, EPS, English
Joafy P. Marquez, PSDS
Illustrators: Cid Eduardo A. Equibal Jr./Dawn May C. Manansala
Layout Artists: Adriana D. Mabunga/Dawn May C. Manansala
Management Team: DR. JENILYN ROSE B. CORPUZ, CESO VI, SDS
DR. FREDIE V. AVENDAÑO, ASDS
JUAN C. OBIERNA, Chief, CID
DR. HEIDEE F. FERRER, Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
HELEN N. FLORA, Education Program Supervisor, TLE/TVL
Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division Office-Quezon City

Department of Education – NCR

Office Address: Nueva Ecija St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City

Telefax: 3456-0343
E-mail Address: sdoqcactioncenter@gmail.com
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 7 and 8 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Computer Systems Servicing!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher, or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help
you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they
do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 7 and 8 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Computer Systems Servicing!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

At the end of this module you will also find:

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References This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Computer Systems Servicing. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

● LO 1 – Select measuring instruments.
● LO 2 – Carry out measurements and calculations.
● LO 3 – Maintain measuring instruments.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify object/s or component to be measured;
2. select appropriate measuring instruments to achieve the required outcome;
3. ensure proper handling of measuring instruments; and
4. check numerical computations for accuracy.

What I Know

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 Multiple Choice. Directions. Select the letter of the correct answer for the
following items numbered 1 to 5. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. This is commonly used code in computers to represent and interpret letters,
numbers, and special characters with bits.
A. Advanced Technology Attachment
B. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
C. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
D. Small Computer System Interface
2. It is responsible for controlling internal and external devices to perform
Arithmetic and Logical operations in the computer systems.
A. Arithmetic Logic B. Digital Logic C. CPU D. Hard Disk
3. These chips are located in the motherboard that contains instructions that can be
directly accessed by the CPU
A. DIMM B. DRAM C. ROM D. SRAM
4. The smallest measuring tool used in horizontal short distances.
A. Protractor B. Ruler C. T- square D. Triangles
5. Convert 30 to binary.
A. 11110 B. 11101 C. 11011 D. 11001

Lesson
Performing Mensuration and
3 Calculation

In computers, information is represented and stored in a digital binary format. It is the

fundamental unit of information having just two possible values and is represented by
the smallest piece of data in a computer system called a bit.

What’s In

Let’s play! Word Finder:

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Directions: Find from the puzzle the words listed on the right. Use a highlighter to do
this. You have five (5) minutes to do this task.

Firewire Interface
Memory module Bit
Magnetic storage Byte
Operating system IDE
Electronic storage HDD
Magnetic platter Laser
Hot swappable Booting

What’s New

ICONIFICATION.
Directions: Name the icons below and describe their uses in the data processing. Then,
explain whether these images play a great role in computer operations. Write your
answers in your activity notebook.

What is It

Components to be measured
The use of input devices plays a great role in how data and instructions are
processed in the computer system. It aids in communicating from the outside
environment of the computer system. All input devices provide data that is transformed
into the binary codes that the primary memory of the computer is designed to accept.
Transformation is accomplished by units that are called Interfaces.
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 The output devices reverse the job of the input devices. It links external jobs to
the computer resulting to produce binary form. The task is accomplished by units called
Output interfaces.
Data and instructions entered in the computer system need to be stored before
they are processed. The actual processing is done inside the primary storage of the
computer system and the results produced are preserved for an ongoing processing.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for controlling internal and
external devices to perform Arithmetic and Logical operations. The operations that a
Microprocessor performs are called the Instruction set.
The arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) performs mathematical operations and has
the capacity to compare numbers. ALU takes data from Registers, which is a group of
cells used for memory addressing. Clock rates are measured in megahertz (MHz) or
Gigahertz (GHz).
Control Unit maintains order and directs the operation of the entire system. It
serves as the nervous system for all other computer components. Data and instructions
are gathered and interpreted into a computer and send the control signals to the devices
involved in the instruction’s execution.

Storage Capacity
All data information (texts, images, and video) in a binary system are represented
and stored as a string of bits. Computers only understand binary digits, and inside the
computer, data is represented as 0 or 1, or by a byte.
Solid State Drive (SSD)
One SSD may contain thousands or millions of transistors. SSDs are solid
devices and store digital data of 0s and 1s. One cell of NAND flash may contain two
transistors; one of which is the control gate, and the other is called the floating gate. By
applying precise voltages to the transistors, it will give a unique pattern of 0s and 1s.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM is volatile storage since it loses its contents when the computer power is
turned off. The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to hold.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
DRAM is the simpler and more popular technology because internally, the
electronic circuitry has fewer components; hence, makers can include more memory
space into it.
Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
SRAM is mainly used in applications requiring speed but less memory such as
registers and cache found inside the microprocessor chip.
Single In-line Memory Module (SIMM)
The first development toward, flexibility and interchangeability are the Single In-
line Memory Module (SIMM) RAM. The memories then were in the range of 8 to 16
megabytes, and then 64 to 256 megabytes of RAM, with the SIMM pins increased to 72.

Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM)

DIMM number of pins used is in the range of 168 to 184. The latest count of pins
with the recent RAMs now reaches to 288 pins for DDR4.
Rambus In-line Memory Module (RIMM)
RIMM is similar in terms of pin configuration and size to DIMM, but it uses a
special connection called a memory bus to improve its speed performance.
Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SODIMM)
SODIMM is particularly used for mobile or laptop computers.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
ROM chips are located on the motherboard. It contains instructions that can be
directly accessed by the CPU such as basic instructions for booting the computer and
loading the operating system. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer
is powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.

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Storage Drives
● Floppy Disk (obsolete) is a small capacity storage device inside a plastic case
accessible and holds a capacity of 1.44 MB (megabytes).
● A hard drive is a non-volatile storage device, connected to the motherboard, which
stores data and information and remains even when the computer power is turned
off. It permanently stores data configured as the C:/ drive. Its capacity is measured
in billions of bytes or Gigabytes (GB).
● Optical Drive uses the laser to read data on the optical media. Optical drives are
compact discs, digital versatile discs, and Blu Ray Discs, CDs, DVDs, and BD
Media. These can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write-once), or
rewritable (read and write multiple items).
● External Flash Drive is a flash memory storage device with a USB connector,
having a capacity of 4GB to 128GB.

Common Drive Interfaces

IDE also called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) connects computers and
hard disk drives and uses 40-pin connectors.
Serial ATA is the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface that uses
7-pin data connectors.
Small Computer System Interface can connect up to15 drives both internal and
external drives and uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connectors.

Measuring Tools
For accurate measurement dimensions of specific tasks, the following types of
tools are needed:
● T-square - used as a guide in drawing horizontal
lines and in measuring up to 48” straight lines.
● Triangles - used for drawing vertical and oblique
lines.
● Ruler - usually 6 or 12 inches in length used to
measure short distances.
● Triangular Scale - is used in general drawing. to
reproduce the dimension in full size or to reduce
or enlarge them on a drawing.
● Protractor - is used for measuring and setting
angles other than those obtainable with the
triangles.
● Tape or Tape Ruler -provides an easy means for
accurately measuring curved surfaces.

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How to take care of measuring tools

1. Check tools before using if they are in good working condition. Report defective tools
immediately.
2. Clean tools with a damp cloth and wipe them dry with a piece of cloth before keeping
them.
3. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to a nail
(attached to a wall) at the end of its blade.
4. Do not abuse or misuse any piece of drawing instruments.
5. Handle tools with care.
6. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new position
each time, because slight errors in the measurements may accumulate and give rise
to a large error.
7. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-squares or triangles across the drawing. Pick up the
triangle by their tips and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before moving.

Carry out measurements and calculation

The English word measurement originates from the Latin noun mensura meaning
‘measure’ and metiri, meaning ‘to measure’. It provides measurement of data regarding
width, depth, and volume of an object. The skills of mensuration and the process of
measurement can help best use of resources available today while planning on what is
to be undertaken in the near future.
Let’s try some exercises…
1. Assuming you are travelling from Manila to Quezon City, how are you going
to measure its distance?
2. What would be the best units to use when measuring your favorite box of
chocolate?
3. If you want to know your body weight, what unit of measurement will you
use?
4. If you are drinking a glass of milk, how are you going to measure the volume
of your liquid intake?
5. Can you guess the volume of water in a drum? How?
Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical
quantity, such as a length, time, temperature, etc. Proper measurement can be achieved
if an appropriate measuring instrument is selected.

Measuring instruments Unit of measurement

Amperage Ampere – a unit of measurement which describes the
amount of electric current passing a certain point at
a particular time.
Centimeter Hundredth of meter
Inch A portion of the foot which is an English unit of
linear measurement
Millimeter One-thousandth of a meter
Multi-tester An electrical measuring instrument used to measure
the voltage, the resistance or the current

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How do we convert a decimal number to Binary?
Convert 30 to binary. Divide the number by 2. Get the quotient and the
remainder. Copy the quotient, divided by 2, and get the quotient and the remainder
again. Do this repeatedly until the quotient result is 0. Copy the remainder from bottom
to top and that is the binary equivalent.
Quotient Remainder
Computation: 30/2 15 0
15/2 7 1
7/2 3 1
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
To Check: 1 1 1 1 0 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 4 2 0 results
16+8+4+2+0=30

The table below shows the computer storage capacity of each byte.
Computer Storage Capacity Usage
Storage Name Approximate and exact numbers of bytes
Bits 1–8
Byte 9 – 999
Kilobyte KB 1thousand 1,024
Megabyte MG 1 million 1,048,576
Gigabyte GB 1billion 1,073,741,824
Terabyte TB 1trillion 1,099,511,627,776
Petabyte PB 1quadrillion 1,125,899,906,842,624
Exabyte EB 1quintillion 1,152,921,504,606,846,976
Zettabyte ZB 1sextillion 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424
Yottabyte YB 1septillion 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176

Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, and Terabytes are some of the representations

of the size of storage. Each component uses a byte storage and knowing its capacity
will give us possible information on how many files will there be in storage.

Example: A File is 30 KB in size. If a 30 KB file is stored in a 1MB Folder, then

approximately, how many files can be stored in the folder?

Using the table above, 1KB is equivalent to 1024 bytes. Therefore, 30KB multiplied by
1024 is equal to 30,720 bytes in a 30 KB file. If a 1MB folder is equal to 1,048,576 bytes
of space, therefore 1,048,576 divided by 30,720, then approximately a total of 34 files
can be stored in that folder. (1,048,576/30,720=34.1)

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 What’s More

Completion Test
Directions: Select and underline the word that will complete the sentence.
1. The use of (input, output) device aids in communicating from the outside
environment of the computer system.
2. The (input, output) device’s task is to accomplish by units all internal jobs to
produce binary form.
3. Actual processing is done inside the (primary, secondary) storage of the computer
system.
4. Data and instructions entered in the computer system need to be stored (after,
before) they are processed.
5. The main purpose of the input device is to (compute, process) data that is
transformed into the binary codes.

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks.

Directions: Identify the word that completes the sentence.
1. There are many available portable memory devices such __________to store data
from a computer.
2. Data in a digital computer system is represented in binary digits called _______.
3. A unit of information that is equal to 8 bits is ________.
4. Proper choice of ____________ is needed to arrive at accurate output for specific
tasks.
5. The unit of measurement which describes the amount of electric current passing a
certain point at a particular time is ______________.

What I Can Do

Problem Solving
Directions: Calculate the following. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
1. Convert 29 to binary = __________
2. How many files can be stored in a 1MB folder if it can store 20 kb files?
3. How much is 25% of 50?
4. How many 10 MB mp3 files can be stored in a 1GB flash drive?
5. How many 750 MB .avi files can be stored in a 4.3 GB DVD-R? 5

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 Assessment

I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. This is commonly used to code in computer to represent and interpret letters,
numbers, and special character with bits.
A. Advanced Technology Attachment
B. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
C. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
D. Small Computer System Interface
2. It is responsible for controlling internal and external devices to perform Arithmetic
and Logical operations in the computer systems.
A. Arithmetic Logic B. Digital Logic C. CPU D. Hard Disk
3. These chips are located in the motherboard that contains instructions that can be
directly accessed by the CPU
A. DIMM B. DRAM C. ROM D. SRAM
4. The smallest measuring tool used in horizontal short distances.
A. Protractor B. Ruler C. T- square D. Triangles
5. Convert 30 to binary.
A. 11110 B. 11101 C. 11011 D. 11001

Additional Activities

I. Picture collage
Directions: Search for pictures of the following and prepare a picture collage per item.
1. Five pictures of Storage Devices
2. Five pictures of Measuring Tools
3. Five pictures Common drive interfaces
In this activity, each output will be graded using the scoring rubrics below.
CRITERIA 15 10 5

Completeness Students were able Students were able Students were able
to provide complete to provide 3-4 to provide 1-2
number pictures pictures pictures.

Creativity Students were able Students were able Students were able
to apply creativity to apply creativity in to apply creativity in
in all parts of the some parts of the a few parts of the
activity. activity. activity.

Content Students were able Students were able Students were able
to provide all to provide some to provide few
appropriate appropriate images appropriate images.
images.

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 Answer Key

A PROCESS A
B BEFORE B
B PRIMARY B
A OUTPUT A
B INPUT B
Assessment What's More What I Know

References
1. R. Carter. The Information Technology Handbook, Heinemann Professional
Publishing Ltd, London, 1987.
2. P. Scharf and J. C. McNichols. Understanding the Computer Age, Hayden Book
Company, New Jersey, 1994.
3. K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education.
Learning Module. Computer Hardware Servicing. Exploratory Course.
4. Understanding PC Hardware PC Assembly, Upgrade and Repair. Jemma
Development Group, Jemma, Inc. 2019.
5. https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2086239&seqNum=7
6. https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-16.html
7. https://assatchs.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/performing-
mensuration-and-calculations-common.pdf
8. https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-25.html
9. https://www.slideserve.com/marsha/technology-and-livelihoohtd-
education-for-grade-8

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