COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 3

EMA 1
FEBRUARY 2021 TIME ALLOWED: 180Min
Full Marks= 100

QUESTION 1 [10]

Consider the triangular waveform in Figure 1.

1.1 Sketch the spectrum for the waveform. (9)
1.2 Explain why this waveform has no d.c. component. (1)
Show all calculations.

Figure 1

QUESTION 2 [18]

For each of the signals displayed in the Figure below find:

2.1 The frequency. (6)
2.2 The power expressed in dBm and Watts. (9)
2.3 The voltage. (3)
Show all your calculations to your answers.
QUESTION 3 [10]

The synthesizer in Figure 3 has an oscillator frequency of 1 MHz, Q = 100 and P = 15.
3.1 Find the minimum frequency step size and compare it with that obtained using only a
fixed divide-by-15 prescaler.

Figure 3

QUESTION 4 [13]

An AM CB transmitter (50Ω) with a carrier frequency of 28.005 MHz is connected to an

oscilloscope (with 10 : 1 probe) and a spectrum analyser which is connected via a 40 dB, 50Ω
attenuator to the transmitter. The oscilloscope display is shown in figure 4. Calculate:
4.1 The modulating frequency. (1)
4.2 The side band frequencies. (2)
4.3 The rms. voltage of the carrier. (2)
4.4 The carrier power in dBm. (2)
4.5 The modulation index. (1)
4.6 The side-band power in dBm. (2)
4.7 Sketch the same signal as it would appear on the spectrum analyser. (3)

Figure 4
QUESTION 5 [6]

A DSB full carrier AM signal has a bandwidth of 30 kHz. What would be the approximate
bandwidth required if the same information signal were to be transmitted using:
5.1 DSBSC AM (1)
5.2 SSB (1)
5.3 FM with 10 kHz deviation. (2)
5.4 FM with 50 KHz deviation (2)

QUESTION 6 [7]

A receiver, with stages operating at maximum gain, has the following gain structure:
RF Amp: 10 dB gain, detector: 3dB loss, mixer: 2dB loss, IF amp: 76 dB gain, audio amp: 35
dB gain. Determine:
6.1 The total power gain of the receiver from the antenna to speaker. (2)
6.2 The minimum signal required at the antenna in order to get a power of 0.75W into the
speaker. Express your answer both in watts and in microvolts, assuming a 50Ω input
impedance. (3)
6.3 Now suppose a 150mV signal is applied to the antenna. Calculate the output power. (2)

QUESTION 7 [6]

A transmitter transmits a full carrier AM signal with a modulation index of 1.

Prove mathematically that the PEP of this signal is equal to four times the carrier power.

QUESTION 8 [7]

8.1 Code the following data using each of the codes specified. The data is to be sent in times
as it reads, from left to right.
011010110
8.1.1 unipolar NRZ. (1)
8.1.2 bipolar NRZ. (1)
8.1.3 AMI. (1)
8.1.4 Manchester Code. (1)

8.2 A 2 kHz sine wave with a peak value of 1volt and no dc offset is sampled every 125µs
Assume the first sample is taken as the voltage crosses zero in the upward direction.
Sketch the results over 500µs using:
8.2.1 PAM with all pulses in the positive direction. (1)
8.2.2 PDM. (1)
8.2.3 PPM. (1)
QUESTION 9 [5]

If a modem uses eight equally spaced phase angles and 4 equally spaced amplitude levels;
Calculate:
9.1 The bit rate if the modem operates at 4800 baud. (3)
9.2 Draw the constellation pattern for the modem. (2)

QUESTION 10 [4]

A certain direct-sequence spread-spectrum system uses FSK with a chipping rate of 20 to 1.

The signal-to-noise ratio for the spread signal is – 5 dB. The data is transmitted at 60 kb/s.
Calculate:
10.1 The chipping rate. (1)
10.2 The bandwidth occupied by the spread signal if the modulation scheme used allows
1.45 bits/s/Hz. (1)
10.3 The signal-to-noise ratio for the despread signal at the receiver. (2)

QUESTION 11 [4]

A transmission line having an impedance of 50Ω and a velocity factor of 0.95 is connected
to a resistive load of more than 50Ω. The maximum voltage on the line is 10V and the minimum
is 3V. The distance between two minima is measured as 75 cm. Calculate:
11.1 The wavelength on the line. (1)
11.2 The frequency of the signal on the line. (1)
11.3 The standing-wave ratio. (1)
11.4 The load resistance. (1)

QUESTION 12 [5]

The gain of a certain antenna is 10 dB with respect to an isotropic radiator. Calculate:

12.1 The effective area if it operates at 250 MHz. (3)
12.2 The power it would absorb from a signal with a field strength of 60 μV/m. (2)

QUESTION 13 (5)

The diameter of a parabolic antenna is 3m with an efficiency of 60%. It operates at a frequency

of 5GHz. Calculate:
13.1 The gain of the antenna. (3)
13.2 The beamwidth of the antenna (2)

TOTAL = 100
Addendum 2