Modal Verbs for necessity and suggestion

Os verbos modais são usados para expressar uma possibilidade, uma necessidade a
também para dar conselhos e sugestões. Eles são sempre seguidos por verbos em sua
forma simples (modal verb + verb).

Modals for necessity

Existem várias formas de expressar necessidade.
Must, need to, and have to have similar meanings and are interchangeable. Below you
will observe the slight difference between them.

We can use must to show that we are certain something is true. It is a little more formal
and normally expresses obligation. Must is often used in contexts when we talk about
things related to laws.
You must have a valid passport to travel abroad.
You must register for the conference before we can attend any sessions.
You must not (mustn’t) drink and drive.

We often use have to to say that something is obligatory. In general, have to expresses
certainty, necessity and obligation.
You have to wear a tie a work.
Children have to go to school.
You don’t have to have an international driver’s license to drive in another country.

We can use need to to say something is necessary or unnecessary.

You need to be 21 of over if you intend to drive a car overseas.
You don’t need to take a raincoat today, it’s sunny outside.
Modals for suggestion
had better, ought to, and should have similar meanings but differ in strength.
They are listed below with the strongest (had better) and the weakest (shouldn’t).

↑ had better
ought to
should
shouldn’t

We use had better to give advice about specific situations and recommendations.
You’d better buy travel insurance before you leave your country.
You’d better take your umbrella with you today.
We'd better not miss the start of his presentation.

Ought to is used to advise or make recommendations. It also expresses strong

probability.
You ought to make a copy of your passport and keep it in a safe place.
*it is uncommon to use the negative form of ought to.

We often use should* when offering advice, strong suggestions or opinions.

You should keep important belongings in your carry-on bag, such as jewels and money.
You shouldn’t pack your computer and cellphone in your checked luggage.
*nowadays, it is more common to use should than ought to.

adapted from: https://pt.slideshare.net/juradoronaldo/modals-for-necessity-and-suggestions