Fine structure

結報

學號: 408210457
姓名:趙襄澄
組別:第一組
1. 數據與分析
Grating constant d =1.167*10^-6
Helium lamp
Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue central line
angle 17°15' 14°20' 11°4' 11°2' 10°11' 9°9' 353°42'
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
angle 329°52.5' 332°47' 335°5' 336°9' 337°3' 339°51'

Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
l (奈米) 665.91 587.49 497.48 496.56 472.91 443.99
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
l(奈米) 673.24 595.01 532.06 502.56 477.54 455.19

Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
q 23.55 20.64 17.367 17.334 16.484 15.45
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
q 25 20.9167 18.6167 17.55 16.65 15.85
Calibration curve:
800
665.91
R² = 0.9996 587.49
600 497.48
496.56
472.91
443.99
y = 28.324x + 2.9328
400

200
q角度

0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
-200

-455.19
-477.54
-502.56 -400
-532.06
-595.01
-673.24 -600

-800
波長

Sodiun(Na) lamp
Spectral line(left) yellow order(2) red yellow yellowish green green1 green2 central line
39°15' 15°23.5' 14°21' 13°35'
angle 11°46.5' 11°9' 353°53'
39°20' 14°30' 13°45'
Spectral line(right) yellow order(2) red yellow yellowish green green1 green2
308°30' 331°58' 332°36' 333°20'
angle 335°20' 335°59'
308°39' 332°31' 333°21'

Grating constant d =8.34*10^-7 m

Helium lamp
Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue central line
angle 45°00' 38°19' 30°10' 29°26' 27°57' 26°00' 353°23'
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
angle 302°70' 310°00' 317°9' 318°02' 319°31' 321°25'

Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
l (奈米) 653.23 588.57 498.99 490.02 472.81 449.18
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
l(奈米) 640.38 572.42 492.56 482.13 464.39 441.18

Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
q 51.6167 44.9334 36.7837 36.0507 34.5667 32.6167
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
q 50.2163 43.3833 36.2333 35.3493 33.8666 31.9666
Calibration curve:
800
y = 13.289x - 1.1705 653.23
588.57
R² = 0.999 600 498.99
490.02
472.81
449.18
400

200
q角度

0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
-200
-441.18
-464.39
-482.13
-492.56 -400
-572.42
-640.38
-600

-800
波長

Sodiun(Na) lamp
Spectral line(left) yellow order(2) red yellow yellowish green green1 green2 central line
40°50' 38°24' 36°26'
angle 31°20' 30°19' 353°23'
38°25' 36°25'
Spectral line(right) yellow order(2) red yellow yellowish green green1 green2
307°01' 307°56' 311°40'
angle 316°00' 317°30'
309°55' 311°39'

Grating constant d =2*10^-4 m

Helium lamp
Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue central line
angle 355°20' 355°05' 354°58' 354°57' 354°56' 354°50' 353°25'
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
angle 351°25' 351°50' 351°59' 352°00' 352°01' 352°09'

Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
l (奈米) 671.23 581.67 540.98 535.19 529.57 494.68
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
l(奈米) 679.98 552.39 500.26 494.47 488.64 442.13

Spectral line(left) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
q 1.9233 1.6666 1.55 1.5333 1.5173 1.4173
Spectral line(right) red yellow green bluish green greenish blue blue
q 2 1.5827 1.4333 1.4167 1.4 1.2667
Calibration curve:

800

y = 347.78x + 1.5533
600
R² = 0.9999

400

200
q角度

0
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
-200

-400

-600

-800
波長
Sodiun(Na) lamp
Spectral line(left) yellow order(6) red yellow yellowish green green1 green2 central line
3°59' 355°18' 355°02'
angle 353°52'
4°00'
Spectral line(right) yellow order(6) red yellow yellowish green green1 green2
343°35' 352°00' 352°59'
angle
343°34'

2. 分析與討論
800
y = 0.9903x + 5.8805
R² = 0.9998 600

400

200
實驗值波長

0
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
-200

-400

-600

-800
理論波長

以上的圖是 d=1.667*10^-3m 的理論值波長與實驗值波長對

比的圖，從斜率可以看到平均誤差極小，且幾乎點都在直

線上，只有一兩個偏差比較大，校正的結果算能接受範

圍。
 800
y = 1.0155x - 5.0555
600
R² = 0.9999
400

200
實驗值波長

0
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
-200

-400

-600

-800
理論值波長

上面的圖是 d=8.834*10^-3m 的理論波長與實驗波長的比

較，這個圖的誤差更小點，且單一點幾乎都落在線上，可

以得知校正得更好。
800

y = 0.9749x - 15.879 600

R² = 0.9984
400

200
實驗值波長

0
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
-200

-400

-600

-800
理論值波長

上面的圖是 d=2*10^-4m 的理論值與實驗值波長的比較，這次的誤差

就有點大了，且單一點在線上的狀況也不是很理想，可以看到有大

概 4、5 個點不在線上，與理論值偏差較嚴重。

3. 問題:
1. According to Fig. 1, what is the energy difference between the fine-structure
energy levels of 3 P3/2 2 and 3 P1/2 2 , and what is the ratio between them?
Answer:

軌域 能階 energy
P3/2 3S to 3p 5889.963
3s to 4p 3302.34
3s to 5p 2852.83
軌域 能階 energy
P1/2 3S to 3p 5895.93
3s to 4p 3302.94
3s to 5p 2853.02

Ratio of 3s to 3p =0.9989879459
Ratio of 3s to 4p =0.9998183437
Ratio of 3s to 5p =0.9999334039
2. Describe in detail how the orbital angular momentum interacts with the electron
spin angular momentum in an atom.
Answer: spin is one kind of of orbited angular momentum，and
軌道角動量=L，自旋角動量=s，原子能階=L+S，且 L 及 s 的耦合，即為原子光譜
在精細結構下的結果。