Elanthamilpandi R

20PHD2161

ENG5004 English for Researchers (Lab)

Fall 2022-23 (L5+L6+L23+L24) [VL2022230107424]

DA 1
Browse 10-12 abstracts of research papers which should be a combination of review papers and
experimental studies.

1. Analyse the tense and the common word sentences and in which person it is written.

2. Write down the gist of each abstract.

Silicon/2D-material photodetectors: from near-infrared to

mid-infrared
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have been used widely in constructing photodetectors
(PDs) because of their advantages in flexible integration and ultrabroad operation wavelength
range. Specifically, 2DM PDs on silicon have attracted much attention because silicon
microelectronics and silicon photonics have been developed successfully for many
applications. 2DM PDs meet the imperious demand of silicon photonics on low-cost, high-
performance, and broadband photodetection. In this work, a review is given for the recent
progresses of Si/2DM PDs working in the wavelength band from near-infrared to mid-
infrared, which are attractive for many applications. The operation mechanisms and the
device configurations are summarized in the first part. The waveguide-integrated PDs and the
surface-illuminated PDs are then reviewed in details, respectively. The discussion and outlook
for 2DM PDs on silicon are finally given.

Tense: Present perfect continuous

Common word sentence: Two-dimensional materials, Photodetectors, review, Infrared
Person: Third person
The gist: 2D materials and their compatibility as Photodetectors in replacing silicon and
detection range was discussed and further the review on the recent progress of Si/2DM PD
working in the wavelength band from near-infrared to mid-infrared, the operation
mechanism, and device configurations was said to be discussed along with an outlook for
2DM PDs on silicon.
 Elanthamilpandi R
20PHD2161

Recent progress about 2D metal dichalcogenides: Synthesis

and application in photodetectors
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) layered metal dichalcogenides (MDCs) have received
enormous attention on account of their excellent optoelectronic properties. Especially,
various MDCs can be constructed into vertical/lateral heterostructures with many novel
optical and electrical properties, exhibiting great potential for the application in
photodetectors. Therefore, the batch production of 2D MDCs and their heterostructures is
crucial for the practical application. Recently, the vapour phase methods have been proved
to be dependable for growing large-scale MDCs and related heterostructures with high
quality. In this paper, we summarize the latest progress about the synthesis of 2D MDCs and
their heterostructures by vapour phase methods. Particular focus is paid to the control of
influence factors during the vapour phase growth process. Furthermore, the application of
MDCs and their heterostructures in photodetectors with outstanding performance is also
outlined. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the future application are presented.

Tense: Present tense

Common word sentence: Metal dichalcogenides, photodetector, vapor phase method, 2D,
heterostructure, application.
Person: First person
The gist: 2D layered metal dichalcogenides’ uniqueness, their architecture in applications and
the difficulties in batch production was addressed. The Vapour phase method is addressed as
one method for batch production. The latest progress in the synthesis and their growth by
vapour phase method with a focus on influence factors during synthesis and their applications
are said to be discussed in this paper. Further, the challenges and prospects for future
application were said to be discussed.
 Elanthamilpandi R
20PHD2161

Mechanism of Photoconductivity in Atomically thin MoS2

Abstract
Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for
sensitive photodetection. Here, we report a photoconductivity study of biased mono- and
bilayer molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors. We identify photovoltaic and
photoconductive effects, which both show strong photogain. The photovoltaic effect is
described as a shift in transistor threshold voltage due to charge transfer from the channel to
nearby molecules, including SiO2 surface-bound water. The photoconductive effect is
attributed to the trapping of carriers in band tail states in the molybdenum disulfide itself. A
simple model is presented that reproduces our experimental observations, such as the
dependence on incident optical power and gate voltage. Our findings offer design and
engineering strategies for atomically thin molybdenum disulfide photodetectors, and we
anticipate that the results are generalizable to other transition metal dichalcogenides as well.

Tense: Present tense

Common word sentence: Transition metal dichalcogenides, photovoltaic effect,
photoconductive effect, molybdenum disulfide.
Person: First person
The gist: Mono and Bilayer MoS2 field effect transistor study was reported to be done and
photovoltaics and photoconductivity effects were identified as causing photogain. The
photovoltaic effect is described as a shift in threshold voltage and photoconductivity with the
trapping of carriers in MoS2. A simple model is reported to be presented that reproduces their
experimental observations. The findings reported offering design and engineering strategies
for transition metal dichalcogenides as common.
 Elanthamilpandi R
20PHD2161

Mechanism of Photoconductivity in Atomically thin MoS2

Abstract
Recently, black phosphorus (BP) has joined the two-dimensional material family as a
promising candidate for photonic applications, due to its moderate bandgap, high carrier
mobility, and compatibility with a diverse range of substrates. Photodetectors are probably
the most explored BP photonic devices, however, their unique potential compared with other
layered materials in the midinfrared wavelength range has not been revealed. Here, we
demonstrate BP mid-infrared detectors at 3.39 μm with high internal gain, resulting in an
external responsivity of 82 A/W. Noise measurements show that such BP photodetectors are
capable of sensing mid-infrared light in the pico-watt range. Moreover, the high
photoresponse remains effective at kilohertz modulation frequencies, because of the fast
carrier dynamics arising from BP’s moderate bandgap. The high photoresponse at mid-
infrared wavelengths and the large dynamic bandwidth, together with its unique polarization
dependent response induced by low crystalline symmetry, can be coalesced to promise
photonic applications such as chipscale mid-infrared sensing and imaging at low light levels.

Tense: Present tense

Common word sentence: Black Phosphorus, Photonic, mid-infrared
Person: First person
The gist: Black phosphorus and its advantages in photonics applications is discussed. A
photodetector is said to be the most explored BP photonic device and its absence in mid-
infrared studies has been addressed. It was reportedly said that the mid-infrared with high
gain, picowatt range detection, and operation at kHz range frequencies have been achieved.
It’s concluded that BP can be coalesced to promise photonic applications such as chip-scale
mid-infrared sensing and imaging at low light levels.