DR BC ROY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NAME – Soutik Dey

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO – 12000319121
BRANCH – ECE
SUBJECT CODE- PE – EC 801B
TOPIC – Photo-ditectors-pin-diode
INTRODUCTION
A Photodiode is a PN junction diode that operates in reverse bias. As the name suggests, PIN photodiode is a particular
type of photodiode in which an intrinsic layer is placed in between a heavily doped p-type and a heavily doped n-type
layer. As resistivity decreases with an increase in impurity and vice-versa, p and n layers have very low resistivity ,
while resistivity in the I layer is very high. PIN-Photodiode has a large depletion region which is used in the reception of
light.
PIN Photodiode Symbol

symbolic representation of the PIN-photodiode is the same as that of the standard p-n junction diode except for the
downward arrows over the diode , which indicate light.
Circuit Diagram

The PIN-photodiode works as a photodetector only when it is functioning in reverse bias. The Anode is connected with
the negative terminal of the battery. The positive side of the battery is connected to the cathode through a resistor.
How do we implement photo ditectors pin diodes?
• Electron-hole pair photogeneration occurs
• The PIN junction is reverse biased
• The depletion region sees carrier drift
• Electron-hole pair moves in the opposite direction and causes photocurrent
ADVANTAGES
• ‌It has high light sensitivity.
• ‌The response speed is high.
• ‌Its bandwidth is wide.
• ‌Implementation cost is low.
• ‌It generates low noise.
• ‌Temperature sensitivity is low.
• ‌It is small in size.
• ‌Longevity better than standard diodes.
DISADVANTAGES
• ‌It can only be operated in the reverse biased condition.
• ‌The voltage applied must be low.
• ‌It is sensitive to every kind of light.
• ‌Temperature specifications have to be maintained.
Applications of Pin photo diodes
PIN-photodiodes are one of the most popular photodiodes that have varied
characteristics , making them suitable for different applications. Besides photo-detection,
it is used in DVD players, CD drives, switches, medical treatment, and many more.
• ‌High voltage rectifier
• RF and DC-controlled microwave switches
• Photodetector and photovoltaic cells
• RF and variable attenuators
• ‌RF modulator circuit
• ‌MRI machine
CONCLUSION
Photodiodes are optoelectronic devices which are diverse in type and use and can be adapted for
use in almost any electronic device. They can be used with infrared light sources like LED, neon,
fluorescent and laser light. They are also cheaper than many light detection diodes.
REFERENCES
"Discovery semiconductor 40G InGaAs photodetector modules".
"Si photodiodes | Hamamatsu Photonics". hamamatsu.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.