Program: Topic: Crucible of the Constitution, Politics &

Finance
Course: Mabini’s Life, Works and Writings Instructor: Danica O. Niega,RCrim
Code TCCR01 Module #: 5 Week #: 10 - 11 # of Page: 15

I. Preliminaries
Introduction to the This module aims the importance of Malolos Constitution to Mabini and his work
Module Objective
In politics and Finance

Section Topics Learning Outcomes Assessment/ Evaluation Modality

Section 1: Crucible of 1. Describe & analyze 1. Written exercises Using module

Constitution the influence of 2. Create a flow chart
Malolos constitution in discussing the Social media
Section 2: Politics & Finance 2. Describe Mabini’s works of Mabini platform
work in politics & 3. Activity
finance in Malolos Assignment and Research

II. Instructions
Oblivious - Unaware

Convoke - Summon

Amendment - Revision

Expropriate – Take over

Temperamental – Excitable

Catapult – Propel

Albeit – Although

Imminent - Nea

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 • Content Lecture/ Discussion

• Though short-lived, the First Philippine, nonetheless catapulted the Filipino nation onto
the world’s consciousness carving not only a place among the family of nations but also a
distinct niche as the first republic in Asia. While much of the world was oblivious to its
birthing, the First Republic proved that Filipinos were capable of self-rule and deserved
their longed-for freedom after more than 300 years of colonial bondage- a bondage
shaken time and again by sporadic revolts, whose disparateness precluded ultimate
victory.

• After the failure of the reformist movement led by Rizal and Del Pilar, Andres Bonifacio
led the 1896-98 Philippine Revolution, culminated with the inauguration of the Republic on
January 23, 1899 at Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan. Though besieged and
eventually thwarted by the United States army, the Republic had earned the loyalty of the
Filipino people and deserved the recognition of foreign nations.

• Four days later, the Filipino rebels routed the Spaniards in Alapan, Cavite, a victory
celebrated by Aguinaldo with the first, albeit informal, waving of the National Flag on
Philippine soil. The event pre-empted the May 31st launching of the second phase of the
revolution. By July 1898, the Filipinos liberated the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas,
Pampanga, most of Bulacan and the suburbs surrounding Manila.

• Mabini’s plan to establish a grassroots government was realized towards the latter half of
June 1898. Aguinaldo issued several important decrees reorganizing the government in
the liberated provinces: the decree of June 18 reorganized municipalities and provinces,
through the election of Popular Assemblies

• Whose heads the town chiefs then elected the provincial councils. The decree also
provided for the election of delegates to the Revolutionary Congress by the town chiefs.

• To Mabini, the latter were Aguinaldo’s direct link to the masses and on August 1, 1898,
these town officials assembled at Bacoor, then the seat of the Revolutionary government,
and ratified the newly proclaimed Philippine independence.

• For Security reasons the seat of government had to be moved away from the Americans.
Aguinaldo declared Malolos, Bulacan as the new Capital. From Bacoor to Malolos
officially transferred, after five days later Congress was inaugurated in Barasouin Church
on September 15, 1898, to the influence of the member of congress Felipe Buencamino.

• Not wanting disappoint Congress Aguinaldo listened to them. Aguinaldo instructed the
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 deligate to write the constitution, Mabini did not expect this because for him the
government in time of revolution did not yet need the legislature so as to hasten
decisions by President without need of congressional approval especially considering
that that no nation yet had recognize the independence and sovereignty of the
Philippines. Congress could no longer be stopped to write the constitution for it had
already formed a committee to do it.

• Being adviser of the President, Mabini blocked the constitution at the office of the
President. When the congress looked for it, he replied that he was studying it. Mabini
deliberately delayed the constitution because aside from being unnecessary, it focused
the congressman for making them more powerful and removing from Aguinaldo the
authority over the entire Philippines. Because of his obstinacy Mabini called Camera
Negra del Presidente or “The darkness in the office of the President and syphilis allegedly
the cause of his paralysis.

The members of the committee studied the 3 constitutional draft for consideration:

 Mabini Constitutional Plan - Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic

 Paterno Constitutional Plan – Based on Spanish Constitution of 1865

 Calderon Constitutional Plan –Constitution based on Belgium, Brazil, Costa Rica,

 Guatemala, Mexico & France.

• The Committee draft the constitution was constituted by Felipe Calderon and other
members who belong to the Filipino ideologist who posses intellectual and moral equity.
After the Committees deliberation, they choose Calderon Plan and submitted to Malolos
Congress for approval of the President.

Mabini objections to Malolos Constitution

• Mabini had no formal political power at the time, counselled Aguinaldo to remind the
delegates in Congress that they did not compose a truly legislative body nor were they
convoked to frame a constitution, that the main function of Congress was to discuss the
ways and means of organizing the revolution and collecting funds for its armed forces.

• He reflected that once a constitution was formed, a republic formed, and the government
committed to the independence of the Republic, the Republican government would then
never be able to enter into any form of negotiations with the United States except under
the absolute premise of independence.

• Mabini wanted to give the Revolutionary government enough leeway at that time to
negotiate with American authorities on any basis provided that, besides bringing about
the recognition of the natural right of the Filipinos as well as the general welfare of the
country, this would further avoid the horrors of war. These remarks of Mabini are
important, but they can easily be misunderstood.

• He is struggled hard to have the independence of the Philippines recognized by other

nations especially the United States, but should it prove that this was not possible and
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 should war become imminent, then he would have been ready to compromise with the
Americans provided they were willing to give Filipinos those rights to produce that social
situation for which the Revolution was initially launched.

• Mabini did not favour for a public declaration of independence, but he did not object to
later declarations because these simply affirmed what some people wanted.

• He considered independence as the best possible solution to the problems of bringing

about what the reform movement and revolution.

• Apolinario Mabini being the adviser of the President, objected some provision 3 of this
constitution until other member of congress find proper solution.

• President Aguinaldo ascending to insert the needed amendment of the document and he
formally promulgated the constitution that embodied the Ideologist belief system and
values of the Filipino people on January 29, 1899.

• Thus Mabini resigned as his adviser (Dec, 1898) Pres. Aguinaldo did not accept Mabini’s
resignation instead he accepted Mabini’s criticism of the constitution and read this in
congress on January 1, 1899.

• Mabini’s letter (December, 1898): ‘Now that you have other counsellors allow me to
retire. When you had no one to consult, I worked by your side spite of my sickness. Now
that you do not need me, It is only fair to myself that I should think of my health. As soon
as the roads dry up, I will go to Sibul and see if I can still recover.’

• Needless to say, Aguinaldo’s actuation in the next few weeks demonstrated that he still
felt that he needed Mabini’s wise counsel.

• Aguinaldo did not accept Mabini’s resignation instead he accepted his criticism of the
constitution by asserting to insert the needed amendment of the document formally
promulgated constitution that embodied the ideologies belief system and values of the
Filipino people.

• Aguinaldo read the constitution in Congress (1, January 1899), he also changed his
Cabinet (2, January 1899) naming Mabini the Secretary of Foreign Affairs & Chief Minister
of the Cabinet. Mabini accepted these position as Aguinaldo insisted, so that he could
have voice in government.

• In Pres. Aguinaldo speech, He expressed his congratulations to the members of Malolos

congress, armed forces especially to the Filipino people to their cooperative effort,
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 sacrifices to struggle to gain independence. He said that the aspiration ideas of a resilient
ways “to live under the democratic regime of the Philippine Republic, free from the yoke
of any domination” “Great is this day! Glorious this date and forever memorable this
moment in which our beloved people raised to the theories of independence. On January
2, Pres. Aguinaldo appoint his Cabinet:

 ApolinarioMabini- President of Cabinet and Secretary of Foreign Affairs

 TeodoroSandico- Secretary of interior
 Baldomero Aguinaldo- Secretary of War
 Mariano Trias - Secretary of Finance
 GracianoGonzaga – Secretary of Welfare ( including public instruction,
 Public works, Communication, Agriculture & Commerce
 The Officers of the congress are the ff:
 Pedro Paterno - President
 Benito Legarda – Vice President
 Gregorio Araneta - 1st Secretary
 Pablo Ocampo - 2nd Secretary
 Delegates created the committee of Justice & other different committees:
 Committee on Felicitation
 Committee on Message
 Committee on Internal registration
 Committee on Style
 Committee to draft the constitution

THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION

Translation by Sulpicio Guevara from the original Spanish text

• POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC

• WE, the Representatives of the Filipino people, lawfully convened, in order to establish
justice, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and to secure for
ourselves the blessings of liberty, imploring the aid of the Supreme Legislator of the
Universe to help us attain these objectives, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned the
following.

• TITLE I

• THE REPUBLIC

• Article 1. The political association of all the Filipinos constitutes a NATION, whose state

• Article 1. Shall be known as the Philippine Republic.

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 • Article 2. The Philippine Republic is free and independent.

• Article 3. Sovereignty resides exclusively in the people.

• TITLE II

• THE GOVERNMENT

• Article 4. Government of the Republic is popular, representative, alternative, and

responsible, and shall exercise three (3) distinct powers: namely the legislative, the
executive, and the judicial.

• Article 5. The State recognizes the freedom and equality of all religions, as well as the
separation of the Church and the State.

• TITLE !V

• THE FILIPINOS AND THEIR NATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

• Article 6. The following are Filipinos:

• All persons born in the Philippine territory. A vessel of Philippine registry is considered, for
this purpose, as part of Philippines territory.

• Children of a Filipino father of mother, although born outside of the Philippines.

• Foreigners who have obtained certificate of naturalization. Those who, without such
certificate, have acquired a domicile in any town within Philippine territory.

• It is understood that domicile is acquired by uninterrupted residence for two years in any
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 locality within Philippine territory, with an open abode and known occupation, and
contributing to all the taxes imposed by the Nation.

• The condition of being a Filipino is lost in accordance with law

• Article 7. No Filipino or foreigner shall be detained nor imprisoned except for the
commission of crime and in accordance with law.

• Article 8. All persons detained shall be discharged of delivered to the judicial authority
within 24 hours following the act of detention.

• All detentions without the legal effect, unless the arrested person is duly prosecuted
within 72 hours after delivery to a competent court.

• The accused shall be duly notified of such proceeding within the same period.

• Article 9. No Filipino shall be imprisoned except by virtue of an order by competent court.

• The order of imprisonment shall be ratified or confirmed within 72 hours following the
said order, after the accused has been heard.

• Article 10. No one shall enter the dwelling house of any Filipino or foreigner residing in the
Philippines without his consent, except in urgent cases of fire, inundation, earthquake or
other similar danger, or by reason of unlawful aggression from within, or in order to assist
a person therein who cries for help.

• Outside of these cases, the entry into the dwelling house of any Filipino or foreigner
resident in the Philippines or the search of his papers and effects can only be decreed by
a competent court and executed only in the daytime.

• The search of papers and effects shall be made always in the presence of the person
searched or of a member of his family and .in their absence, of two witness’s resident of
the same place.

• However, when a criminal caught in frigate should take refuge in his dwelling house, the
authorities in pursuit may enter into it, only for the purpose of making an arrest.
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 • If the criminal should take refuge in the dwelling house of foreigner, the consent of the
latter must first be obtained.

• Article 11. No Filipino shall be compelled to change his residence or domicile except by
virtue of final judgment.

• Article 12. In no case may correspondence confined to the post office be detained or
opened by government authorities, nor any telegraphic or telephonic message detained.

• However, by virtue of an order a competent court, correspondence may be detained and

opened in the presence of the sender.

• Article 13. All orders of imprisonment, of search of dwelling house, or detention of written
correspondence, telegraph or telephone, must be justified.

 When an order lacks this requisite, or when the ground on which the act was founded is
proven in court to be unlawful or manifestly insufficient, the person to be detained or
whose imprisonment has not been ratified within the period prescribed in Article 9, whose
correspondence has been detained, shall have the right to recover damages.

 Article 14. No Filipino shall be prosecuted or sentenced, expert by a judge or court of

proper jurisdiction and according to the procedure prescribed by law.

 Article 15. Expert in the cases provided by the Constitution, all persons detained or
imprisoned not in accordance with legal formalities shall be released upon his own
petition or upon petition of another person.

 The law shall determine the manner of proceeding summarily in this instance, as well as
the personal and pecuniary penalties which shall be imposed upon the person who
ordered, executed or cause to be executed the illegal detection or imprisonment.

 Article 16. No one shall be temporarily or permanently deprived of rights or disturbed in

his enjoyment thereof, except by virtue of judicial sentence.

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
  The official, who, under any pretext whatsoever, should violate this provision, shall be
personally liable for the damages caused.

 Article 17. No one shall be deprived of his property by expropriation except on grounds of
public necessity and benefit, previously declared and justified by proper authority, and
indemnifying the owner thereof prior to expropriation.

 Article 18. No one shall be obligated to pay any public tax which had not been approved
by the National Assembly or by local popular governments legally so authorized, and
which is not in the manner prescribed by the law.

 Article 19. No Filipino who is in full enjoyment of his civil and political rights shall be
impeded in the free exercise of said rights.

 Article 20. Neither shall any Filipino be deprived:

 of the right to freely express his ideas or opinions, orally or in writings, through the use of
the press or other similar means of the right of association for purposes of human life
and which are not contrary to public morals; and lastly, of the right to send petitions to the
authorities, individually or collectively.

 The right of petition shall not be exercised through any kind of armed force.

 Article 21. The exercise of the right provided for in the proceeding article should be
subject to general provisions regulating the same.

 Article 22. Crimes committed on the occasion of the exercise of rights provided for in this
title, shall be punished by the courts in accordance with the laws.

• Article 23. Ant Filipino may establish and maintain institutions of learning, in accordance
with the laws authorizing them.

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 • Article 24. Foreigners may freely reside in Philippine territory, subject to legal dispositions
regulating the matter; may engage in any occupation or professions for the exercise of
which no special license is required by law to be issued by the national authorities.

 Article 25. No Filipino who is in full enjoyment of his political and civil rights shall be
impeded in his right to travel freely abroad of in his right to transfer his residence or
possessions to another country, except as to his obligations to contribute to military
service or the maintenance of public taxes.

 Article 26. No foreigner who has not been naturalized may exercise in the Philippines any
office which carries with it any authority of jurisdictional powers.

 Article 27. All Filipinos are obliged to defend his country with arms when called upon by
law, and to contribute to the expenses of the State in proportion to his means.

 Article 28. The prior authorization to prosecute a public official in the cases which
constitute apparent and clear violations of constitutional precepts. In others, the agents
of the law shall only be exempted if they did not exercise the authority.

 Article 30. The guaranties provided for in articles, 7,8,9,10 and 11 and paragraphs 1 and 2
of Article 20 shall not be suspended, partially or wholly, in any part of the Republic, except
temporarily and by authority of law, when the security of the State in extraordinary
circumstances so demands.

 When promulgated in any territory where the suspension applies, there shall be a special
law which shall govern during the period of the suspension, according to the
circumstances prevailing.

 The law of suspension as well as the special law to govern shall be approved by the
National Assembly, and in case the latter is in recess, the Government shall have the
power to decree the same jointly with the Permanent Commission, without prejudice to
convoking the Assembly without the least delay and report to it what had been done.

 However, any suspension made shall not affect more rights than those mentioned in the
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 first paragraph of this article nor authorize the Government to banish or deport from the
Philippines any Filipino.

 In no case may the civil or military chief promulgate any penalty other than those
previously provided by law.

 Article 31. In the Republic of the Philippines, no one shall be judged by a special law or by
special tribunals. No person or corporation may enjoy privileges or emoluments which are
not in compensation for public service rendered and authorized by law. War and marine
laws shall apply for crimes or depicts which have intimate relation to military or naval
discipline.

 Article 32. No Filipino shall establish laws on primogeniture, nor institutions restrictive of
property rights, nor accept honors, decorations or honorific titles or nobility from foreign
nations without the consent of the Government.

 Neither shall the government establish in the Republic institutions mentioned in the
preceding paragraph, nor confer honors, decorations or honorific titles and nobility to any
Filipino.

• The Nation, however, may reward by special approved by the Assembly, conspicuous,
services rendered by citizens of the country.

• This Constitution was the first document by the people representative anchor or South
Demonstrative Philosophy & Tradition.

• It was designed to protect them against inroadsment in the government or by any

individual or group of individuals its basis was the social important accorded to their
individual in the democratic society that every individual has the dignity &works which
must to respected and safeguard.

• Legislative - make laws, amend laws, approved budget, and discuss public concern.

• Executive - decide on budget, decide on Internal & External Affairs, obtain Laws, maintain
security and defence and discuss drafts and legislations.
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 • Judiciary - Internal laws, enforce laws, make laws

• Malolos Constitution – Symbol of unity, freedom, equality, justice customs & tradition that
reflect the character of a Filipino.

• MALOLOS:POLITICS AND FINANCE

• THE CRISIS OF THE REPUBLIC

• The story of Bonifacio and the KATIPUNAN

• The present work is a painstaking and thorough-going analysis of the travails of the.
Aguinaldo government during the war with the UNITED STATE.

• Initially, the revolutionary government was partially fenced by the money received by
Aguinaldo as provided for by the Pact of Biak-na-bato in 1897.

• Later on, it had to support itself by direct and indirect taxes, income from confiscated
Spanish properties and donations. In order to further stabilize its finances, Benito
Legarda, the director of one of the divisions of the treasury, introduced in October 1898, a
bill in congress for the purpose of floating a National Loan. Congress passed this bill
which became a law on Aguinaldo’s approval on November 26, 1898. The law authorized
the government “ to execute for the Treasury of the nation an interior loan of 20,000,000
pesos to be redeemed in 40 years after the date of issue. “ It was provided, too, that the
subscribers to the loan were to receive six percent interest annually every six months or
even every three months if the situation in the Treasury warranted it. The government was

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 further authorized “to pledge the property of the nation as security and issue money of
forced circulation of the value of 3,000,000 pesos to be redeemed in three years..” The
date of issue was to commerce on December 1, 1898.

• THE MEN who set out to control Congress were determined all, to demonstrate that they
were patriots (the one who love and fight for his/her country) And no gesture would have
more visible than their financial aid to the Revolution.Yet the owners of property would
not unnecessarily risk their source of power promulgation of the constitution would have
partially serve as a guarantee.Without this guarantee it became understandable why the
patriotism of some become colder. However, there were those who were determined to
offer some financial support to the revolution.

• However, there were those willing to offer some financial support to the Revolution
provided by the Revolutionary Government was willing to give something in return. Why
Felipe Buencamino convinced Aguinaldo of urgent necessity of approving the constitution
passed by Congress was that, without the Constitution the NATIONAL LOAN previously
passed by Congress and approved by Aguinaldo would be frustrated.

• And interpreted as veiled threat that congressional financial support of the Revolution
might be withheld should Aguinaldo not cater fully to the wishes of the Congress.
Buencamino reveals why it was not easy for Aguinaldo to entirely disregard some of the
demands of the Revolutionary Congress.

FINANCES

• One of the important laws passed by the Malolos Congress was the Law Providing for a
National Loan to buy the national budget in which the republic was trying to balance. The
loan, worth 20 million pesos, was to be paid in 40 years with an annual interest of six
percent. The law was decreed by Aguinaldo on November 30, 1898.

• Aguinaldo found out the technicalities that must have perplexed. He stated that

• The permanent board was divided into 4 sections, each section to assist ostensibly the 4
directors corresponding to the 4 division of the TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Mabini warned
in his letter that ultimately the permanent board would supervise and control all the
transactions of the Department.

• Mariano Trias as the incumbent secretary of the treasury and man that could be trusted.
Mabini feared that he could be unwittingly made a tool of the board whose motives were
not in any manner obvious to all. Pointing out that a qualification to become a member of
the board was wealth.

• Immediately Aguinaldo wrote a bitter letter apprising him of the possible motives of the
persons composing the permanent board who were interested in forming a bank and the
possible implications of the WHOLE MATTER on the Revolutionary cause.

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 The Cry of PugadLawin

• (Cry of Balintawak)

 August 1896-members of Katipunan secret society (katipuneros) led by Andres Bonifacio

rose up in revolt somewhere in an area referred to as Caloocan wider than the
Jurisdiction of present day Caloocan City which may have overlapped into present day
Quezon City.

 Cry (sigaw)-referred to the first clash between the katipuneros and the Guardia Civil.

 -tearing up community tax certificate (cedulaspersonales) in the defiance of their

allegiance to Spain.

 -Patriotic Shouts (Viva Independencia Filipina).

 Because of competing accounts and ambiguity of the place where this event took
place,exact date and place of the CRY occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963 the
Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in PugadLawin in Quezon City.

 MEETING IN BALINTAWAK (AUGUST 26) was held in Apolonio Samson and also the
cabeza de barangay of Caloocan. Those who attended are Bonifacio, Jacinto, DelRosario,
Remigio, Pantas,Plata, Valenzuela, Pacheco and Carreon leaders of Katipunan and Board
of directors with 500 members.
 REVOLT! The people shouted as one.

 Cedula been destroyed as a sign of severance from the Spaniards. They tore their cedula
certificate and shouted “LONG LIVE THE PHILIPPINES”.

 Mabini expressed the the fear that in the long run those rich ones controlling the Bank
and Treasury would end up controlling the government. Considering that the rich in
Manila, in connivance with one another, will compose this Junta and since, according to
my information, they have been already approach by Paterno, I fear that he will have here
something worse than what we had during Spanish times. For the very reason that the
Treasury is that which sustains you, if you allow it to be entrusted to the rich, you will
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 certainly control, I would not have any fear because you have jurisdiction over the Bank.

 Confessing that he did not expect Aguinaldo would have given such concession to the
rich and that the above events would have taken place, Mabini complained that whereas
and others had work without salaries.

 THE RICH might go to extent of asking salaries for themselves. In this case it is always
the rich who will all have the advantages while the soldiers remain hungry. They will exert
pressure on the tenants to pay, the administrators will pocket part of the revenues and
little will go to the Treasury. As the Revenues will therefore not to be sufficient to
amortize the loan and pay its interest. They will be forced to resort to the proceed of the
cedulaspersonales.

 You will then be left with nothing to pay the soldiers. Finally the tenants and employees
will blame you for everything and the rich will have a good laugh.

 Characteristically aware of his role in the Revolution Mabini wrote that he was bringing
the above matter to Aguinaldo in order that he would not made “to answer for a thing that
he did not do” regarding the financial imbroglio. Mabini then asked to retire as adviser.

 He had superior talents, was firm in his convictions and was loyal. He was a great patriot,
honourable, and humble but proud before those with power. He did not easily change his
opinions, especially in politics, and was fearless and firm. Although he was often
stubborn, he would sometimes be temperamental. But when politics was being
discussed, he would always be spirited and found in the right mood.

III. Viable and vibrant Activities

Learning task 1

1. Analyze the Malolos constitution write your amendments about it. Specify the reason or
explanations for such amendments.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
2. At present times, do you agree to the existing laws? Why? Prove your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. For the existing law, which one that you are in favor of and why? Prove your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________.

IV. Opportunity to reflect and articulate students’ acquired knowledge.

Evaluation

Learning task 1 Rubrics

Needs improvement Approaching Good Excellent

Category 1 pt. standards 3 pts. 4 pts.
2 pts.
Ideas and Content
There is no clear or You put thought into What you are writing What you are writing
specific explanation this, but there is no about is clear. You about is clear and
in answer to the real evidence of answered the well-expressed,
question. learning. More question. Some including specific
specific information support may be examples to
is needed or you lacking, or your demonstrate what
need to follow the sentences may be a you learned. Well
directions more bit awkward. Overall, done!
closely. a decent job.

Use of terms
No terms from the Only one term from Your answer Your answer
lesson are used. the lesson is used in included several included all the
the answer. Try for a terms from the terms from the
few more, next time. lesson, lesson that applied
demonstrating to the question
adequate asked. All terms are
understanding of the fully defined and
material. used in the proper
context.

Sentence Fluency
Sentences are Some sentences are Sentences are Sentences are
incomplete or too complete and easy complete and able complete and they
long. It makes to understand. to be understood. connect to one
reading them Others require some another easily when
difficult. work. they are read out
loud. Your writing
'flows.'

Conventions
Few end marks or Mistakes using end Use of punctuation No punctuation or
capital letters. marks or capitals as marks and capitals, structural mistakes.
Answers contain well as spelling as well as spelling, No spelling errors.
numerous spelling mistakes make the is mostly correct. Your writing shows
or structural errors. writing hard to read. Few errors exist in full awareness of
your answer. the rules of English
use.

Learning task 2 rubrics

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
 Category 16-20 11-15 6-10 1-5

Introduction The first line of the The first line of the The first line didn’t The first line of the
speech really got my speech really got my really got my speech did not got
attention and made attention and I was attention and I my attention and I
me want to listen. curious to hear the wasn’t sure if I did not want to hear
rest. wanted to hear more.
more.

Content The speech focused The speech focused The speech focused The speech was
on one or two major on one or two major on more than two unclear and did not
issues and issues, but did not issues and did not explain any of the
described those fully explain them. fully explain them. issues thoroughly
issues thoroughly.

Delivery The speaker spoke The speaker was The speaker was I could not hear or
in a loud, clear voice loud and clear, but hard to hear at understand the
and was expressive. not very expressive. times and not speaker.
expressive.

Conclusion The end of the The end of the The end of the The end of the
speech was exciting speech was speech was not very speech was not
and lively. somewhat exciting exciting or lively exciting or lively at
and lively all.

Overall The speech was The speech was The speech was not The speech made
exciting and informative and very informative or me not want to vote
informative and somewhat exciting exciting and I for this person.
really made me and I might vote for probably wouldn't
want to vote for this this person. vote for this person.
person.

Summary

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Reflection

1. I already knew
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TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS
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2. I learned
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3. I still want to know
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V. Textbooks and other References

Majul, Cesar A. (2004). Apolinario Mabini Revolutionary. National Historical Institue, Philippines

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE TCCR01- MODULE 5 MABINI’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS