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12-01 GRAMMAR EXPERT 12 - KEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
12-04 VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
12-10 PROGRESS BOOKLETS 1 / 2 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
12-11 PRACTICE EXAMS 1 / 2- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
12-12 MINI PRACTICE EXAM 1 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
12-14 GRAMMAR TESTS 1 / 16- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
12-15 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 / 4 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
12-16 GRAMMAR QUIZ 1 / 4- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
12-18 VOCABULARY SET 1 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
12-19 READING COMPREHENSION SET 1 / 5- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
12-20 QUESTION TYPES SET 1 / 11- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
1
12-01 GRAMMAR EXPERT 12 - KEY YDT 12 / 01
12-01 GRAMMAR EXPERT 12 - KEY

5. their
UNIT 1 PRONOUNS
6. its
EXERCISE 1 7. them
1. them 8. theirs
2. it 9. their - their
3. they 10. her - his
4. them 11. mine
5. it 12. theirs
6. you
7. it
EXERCISE 5
8. him 1. itself
9. her - her 2. by herself / on her own
10. it 3. by myself / on my own
11. they 4. himself
12. me 5. by herself / on her own
6. yourself
EXERCISE 2 7. themselves
8. by yourself / on your own
1. their
9. by themselves / on their own
2. us - theirs / it
10. myself
3. their - their
11. by himself /on his own
4. yours
12. ourselves
5. her
6. its EXERCISE 6
7. her
1. anything / everything
8. mine
2. nothing
9. its
3. something
10. their
4. everything / anything
11. ours
5. everybody / everyone - nobody / no one
12. your
6. nobody / no one - everybody / everyone
7. somewhere
EXERCISE 3 8. somewhere / anywhere
1. their - their 9. nothing
2. his - hers 10. something
3. mine / theirs - theirs / mine 11. something
4. theirs 12. nowhere
5. your - her
6. your EXERCISE 7
7. her
1. anywhere / everywhere - something
8. its
2. everybody / everyone
9. his - theirs
3. nothing
10. your - theirs
4. anything
11. mine
5. somebody / someone / something
12. their
6. everywhere
7. nobody / no one
EXERCISE 4 8. somewhere - somewhere
1. mine / yours / … 9. something - anybody / anyone
2. hers 10. everything
3. mine 11. nowhere
4. him - his 12. Nobody / No one - nobody / no one
2
YDT 12 / 01 12-01 GRAMMAR EXPERT 12 - KEY
EXERCISE 8 11. the other - another

1. D 5. B 9. D 12. the other
2. E 6. E 10. A
3. C 7. C EXERCISE 13
4. A 8. A 1. D 5. C 9. A
2. B 6. A 10. E
EXERCISE 9 3. A 7. B
1. one 4. E 8. C
2. ones
3. One REVISION 1
4. one’s 1. its
5. oneself 2. their - their
6. ones’ 3. it
4. they - they
EXERCISE 10 5. us - we
1. those of 6. its - them
2. those 7. their - they
3. These 8. them - their
4. that of 9. our - ours - hers
5. that 10. their - they - themselves
6. those of 11. They - their - they - them
7. that of 12. mine - me
8. those of
9. those REVISION 2
10. that of 1. her - he - her
2. their
EXERCISE 11 3. their - them
1. others 4. its - them
2. other 5. themselves - they
3. another 6. ourselves - we
4. the others 7. their - they - their
5. each other / one another 8. them - they - their
6. another 9. their - them
7. the other 10. mine - her
8. other 11. hers - them
9. others / each other / one another 12. their - they
10. another
11. others / each other / one another REVISION 3
12. another 1. C 6. D 11. D 16. C
2. D 7. E 12. C 17. D
EXERCISE 12 3. B 8. B 13. B 18. E
4. E 9. E 14. A 19. B
1. others / each other / one another
5. A 10. A 15. E 20. A
2. another
3. other
4. the other PRONOUNS - TEST 1
1. D 6. C 11. B 16. B 21. E
5. another
2. B 7. D 12. E 17. E 22. D
6. other
3. C 8. E 13. C 18. D 23. C
7. others
4. A 9. B 14. A 19. A 24. B
8. other / others
5. E 10. A 15. D 20. C
9. one another / each other
10. other
3
PRONOUNS - TEST 2
1. D 6. D 11. E 16. D 21. C
UNIT 2 TENSES
2. A 7. B 12. A 17. B 22. B EXERCISE 1
3. A 8. C 13. E 18. C 23. E 1. are conducting
4. C 9. A 14. B 19. A 24. A 2. is rolling - Do you want
5. E 10. D 15. C 20. E 3. is living - is studying
4. live - like
PRONOUNS - TEST 3 5. drinks - is drinking
1. A 6. B 11. D 16. A 21. C 6. don’t like
2. E 7. C 12. E 17. E 22. B 7. suggests - is
3. C 8. D 13. A 18. C 23. E 8. don’t understand - causes
4. B 9. E 14. C 19. D 24. D 9. am expecting
5. D 10. A 15. B 20. B 10. is working
11. is smelling - wants
PRONOUNS - TEST 4 12. normally works - is staying
1. E 6. B 11. E 16. B 21. C 13. is searching - think
2. D 7. D 12. B 17. C 22. E 14. is staying - are
3. A 8. C 13. E 18. E 23. D 15. look - am thinking - Don’t worry
4. C 9. E 14. A 19. A 24. A 16. is getting
5. B 10. A 15. D 20. D 17. are
18. are scrambling
EXERCISE 2
1. for 9. for
2. since 10. since
3. for 11. since
4. since 12. Since / Ever since
5. since 13. for
6. for 14. since
7. since 15. for
8. since 16. for
EXERCISE 3
1. has been playing - has won
2. has been working - has finished
3. has been living - hasn’t visited
4. have been looking after
5. have been - have known
6. has just arrived
7. have lost
8. have already drunk
9. have discovered
10. have devised
11. has been
12. has been working
13. has painted
14. has been decorating
15. Have - ever been
16. has been cleaning
17. have broken
18. have eaten
19. has been sitting
20. has warned
4
EXERCISE 4 6. came - was waiting

1. have just founded - has thrived / has been thriving 7. reached - were shouting / shouted
2. still have - have decided 8. was rushing - noticed
3. Are - still teaching - have been lecturing 9. left - took
4. hasn’t come - don’t need 10. met - was
5. haven’t seen - is - has happened - has had - has 11. was preparing - were talking / prepared - talked
been stabilising 12. wrote - wanted
6. is - have finished 13. struck - lost
7. has been watching - hasn’t completed 14. was watching - broke out
8. face - seems - fades 15. talked - left
9. arrive / have arrived 16. was practising
10. have - been studying / have - studied 17. met - was wearing
11. goes - is taking - has broken down 18. was studying - entered
12. have cleaned - smells 19. were - occurred
13. is crying - don’t know 20. got - showed up
14. are playing
15. love - am
EXERCISE 7
16. have had 1. have just submitted - missed
17. go - haven’t been eating 2. have - ever met - was
18. are watching 3. have been gathering / have gathered
19. wake up - take - dress 4. was happening / happened
20. has - been eating 5. have created
6. wasn’t - made
EXERCISE 5 7. was - have had
8. have led
1. has been - met
9. has made
2. hasn’t attended - broke
10. said - has been saying
3. won - hasn’t claimed
11. have been travelling
4. played - have seen
12. were expecting / expected - have occurred
5. took care of
13. signed - has been going
6. got - has worked
14. have revealed
7. have tried
15. were dancing - took
8. spoke - haven’t received
16. have affected / have been affecting - began
9. have suggested - evolved
10. has decreased
11. visited - spent
EXERCISE 8
12. said - has phoned 1. generates - helps
13. have just finished - have ever read 2. is studying
14. has gone 3. don’t visit
15. has wanted - was 4. have - has
16. travelled - tried - was 5. was continuing - am making
17. didn’t play - lost 6. heard - had
18. haven’t talked 7. weighed - collided
19. divorced - were 8. fell - was climbing
20. was 9. is training
10. have been accusing
EXERCISE 6 11. were jumping - was trying / jumped - tried / are
jumping - is trying
1. spent
12. lived / did
2. destroyed
13. has increased / has been increasing - consumes
3. were having - witnessed
14. has placed
4. received
15. are looking for
5. decided
16. are vanishing
5
EXERCISE 9 12. contributes

1. were investigating - were processing 13. spread - put out / had put out
2. had been looking for 14. have been carrying out / have carried out - suggest
3. was travelling - constructed
4. had been working 15. attend
5. were walking 16. have claimed / claim - solved
6. had been waiting 17. tried - was
7. had been wearing 18. had already watched
8. had been living 19. was reading - heard
9. was sitting 20. have made - am flying
10. had been discussing
11. had been expecting / was expecting EXERCISE 12
12. were standing 1. Once he has become / becomes a member of the
13. was shining - were cheeping - had been looking Academy of Medicine, he will enter / is going to
forward enter the Academy of Sciences, of which he wants
14. had been playing to become the perpetual secretary.
15. was wondering 2. The woodman will stir / is going to stir the fire until
the flames leap / have leaped high and the sparks
16. had been looking for
flow out / have flown out of the roof hole.
3. While we are waiting for the food to arrive, we will
EXERCISE 10 be happy to sit and chat in relaxing surroundings.
1. went - tried - had never eaten 4. After you have eaten / eat dinner, you will brush /
2. had arrived / arrived - blocked are going to brush your teeth.
3. had been rehearsing - began 5. The companies will negotiate / are going to
4. became - had already decided negotiate for days before they make / have made
5. had made up / made up - started an agreement.
6. registered - had been playing 6. Now that I live only a few blocks from work, I will
7. finished / had finished - had walk to work and enjoy it.
8. talked - hadn’t been paying
9. entered - looked - had been reading EXERCISE 13
10. had - had visited 1. am going to see
11. had been / was - got 2. will give
12. reached - had been driving 3. will be
13. arrived - had already started 4. is going to have - is going to participate in
14. met - hadn’t seen 5. will not get
15. began - had been / was 6. will have to work
16. made - had been waiting 7. will pass
8. is going to break out
EXERCISE 11 9. will stay
1. Have - finished 10. is going to quit / will quit
2. opened - was - had 11. will get
3. attempted 12. won’t be
4. have taken - hadn’t recognized 13. will send / am going to send
5. are now practising / now practise - are sharing / 14. will become
share 15. will definitely win
6. had been training 16. will give - will wish
7. look - have been working out / have worked out -
woke up EXERCISE 14
8. was having - didn’t answer 1. will rattle
9. use - make 2. will be flying
10. is reading 3. will start
11. observed - have not really captured 4. will be setting
6
5. will release - will publish EXERCISE 18

6. Will - be using 1. tends
7. will be waiting 2. have - worked / been working
8. will be operating 3. had already finished - came
9. will meet - will look 4. see / have seen - will explain - have told
10. will offer 5. had - graduated - found
11. will run / will be running 6. got - hasn’t spent / hasn’t been spending
12. will be staying 7. had disappeared / disappeared - didn’t know -
13. will have asked
14. will cause 8. realized - had forgot - went
15. won’t be able to attend - will be taking 9. run into - smiles
16. will reach 10. is - has changed - lost
11. have - won’t be
EXERCISE 15 12. was sleeping - was studying / slept - studied
1. by the time 13. will have submitted
2. by the time 14. has taken / takes - will drive
3. until 15. are playing / play - will be planning / will plan
4. by the time 16. never eats - is
5. Until 17. have - have been - met
6. until 18. established
7. by the time 19. has grown
8. until 20. is getting / is going to get - am
9. until 21. is increasing
10. by the time 22. will have started - approves / has approved
23. drinks - is travelling / travels - had
EXERCISE 16 24. criticise - say
1. is going to fall down 25. was stepping into - moved
2. looks - will help 26. was - left
3. arrive - will have already got out 27. cleaned - went out
4. will have been - retires 28. came - worked - parted
5. are going to start 29. have
6. is - will probably stay 30. is
7. leaves - will - pack
8. arrives - comes - will have finished EXERCISE 19
9. calls - will have finished 1. published
10. understand - have 2. had released
3. put forward
EXERCISE 17 4. is
1. will have been attending 5. result from
2. will have been studying 6. determine
3. will have graduated 7. held
4. will have completed 8. made
5. will have been playing 9. argued
6. will have decided 10. were
7. will have been serving 11. had not changed
8. will have been driving 12. maintained
9. will have arrived 13. disagreed
10. will have been teaching 14. came up with
15. published
7
EXERCISE 20 UNIT 3 MODALS

1. haven’t identified
2. spawned EXERCISE 1
3. know 1. if I worn
4. wasn’t 2. if I turn
5. has pointed 3. if I used
6. curved 4. if I sit
7. seems 5. buying
8. was 6. if I put
9. was 7. if I borrowed
10. changed 8. not smoking
11. was 9. opening up
12. announced 10. not dropping
13. had lived
14. possessed EXERCISE 2
15. shed 1. mustn’t play
16. have been conducting 2. must tidy up / has to tidy up
17. have identified 3. must travel / have to travel
18. was 4. have to be
19. fills 5. mustn’t pay
6. don’t have to go
TENSES - TEST 1 7. must hurry / have to hurry
1. B 6. C 11. D 16. D 21. D 8. mustn’t leave
2. D 7. B 12. D 17. B 22. D 9. have to move
3. E 8. B 13. A 18. B 23. B 10. don’t need to take
4. B 9. A 14. E 19. B 24. E 11. must win / have to win
5. E 10. B 15. E 20. C 12. has to quit
13. have to obey
TENSES - TEST 2 14. have to burn
1. C 6. C 11. C 16. D 21. C 15. has to possess
2. C 7. D 12. B 17. E 22. B 16. doesn’t need to be / doesn’t have to be
3. E 8. C 13. A 18. D 23. C 17. need to lay - up
4. D 9. B 14. B 19. A 24. A 18. need to elaborate
5. B 10. B 15. E 20. E
EXERCISE 3
TENSES - TEST 3 1. needn’t have ordered
1. B 6. B 11. E 16. B 21. D 2. didn’t have to add / didn’t need to add
2. C 7. C 12. C 17. B 22. B 3. needn’t have bought
3. B 8. C 13. A 18. D 23. D 4. didn’t have to pay / didn’t need to pay
4. C 9. B 14. D 19. C 24. E 5. didn’t have to go / didn’t need to go
5. D 10. B 15. B 20. C 6. needn’t have informed
7. didn’t have to stay up / didn’t need to stay up
TENSES - TEST 4 8. needn’t have watered
1. B 6. D 11. C 16. C 21. E 9. needn’t have come
2. B 7. D 12. D 17. B 22. D 10. needn’t have stayed
3. D 8. D 13. C 18. D 23. B
4. B 9. D 14. B 19. A 24. D EXERCISE 4
5. D 10. B 15. E 20. C 1. couldn’t deal with / wasn’t able to deal with
2. can drive
3. cannot smoke
4. couldn’t learn
8
5. can / will be able to drive 18. may / might / could be

6. can’t lift
7. can / is able to speak EXERCISE 7
8. were able to buy 1. sleep
9. can / is able to realize 2. go
10. was able to repair 3. didn’t spend
11. couldn’t deal with 4. be playing
12. cannot play 5. listen
13. Can - tell 6. drove
14. will not be able to attend 7. do
15. could get 8. visited
16. couldn’t reach / haven’t been able to reach
17. were able to handle EXERCISE 8
18. could marry
1. prefers
2. would prefer
EXERCISE 5 3. would rather / would sooner
1. should have called 4. would rather
2. should / ought to take 5. would prefer
3. should / ought to take 6. would prefer
4. shouldn’t eat 7. would rather
5. should have learnt 8. prefer
6. should / ought to visit 9. would prefer
7. should have brushed 10. would prefer
8. shouldn’t leave
9. should avoid EXERCISE 9
10. should have been
1. needs to get
11. shouldn’t have been driving
2. must be trying
12. should have been studying
3. couldn’t enter
13. should have locked
4. can use
14. shouldn’t be watching - should be writing
5. should have asked
15. should have been sleeping
6. must be studying
16. should have applied
7. didn’t have to look for / didn’t need to look for
8. can have
EXERCISE 6 9. needs to change
1. must have left 10. must have checked
2. can’t / couldn’t be playing 11. was to meet / was supposed to meet / was due to
3. can / may / might steal meet
4. must live / must be living 12. is supposed to take / is to take / is due to take /
5. must be joking must be taking
6. may / might / could be - looking for 13. could offer / might offer
7. may / might not have drunk 14. could have been hit
8. can’t / couldn’t have finished 15. must be practising - must have been playing
9. may / might / could come 16. may / might / can / could help
10. can’t / couldn’t have gone 17. must have valued
11. can’t / couldn’t have travelled 18. should have gone
12. may /might / could be fixing 19. used to visit - is able to see
13. could have informed / should have informed 20. couldn’t play
14. can’t / couldn’t have left 21. aren’t allowed to park / cannot park / mustn’t park
15. must be 22. must put out / have to put out
16. must have been cleaning 23. are to wear / are supposed to wear
17. can’t / couldn’t have finished 24. is supposed to keep out / is to keep out
9
MODALS TEST 1
1. C 6. D 11. E 16. C 21. D
UNIT 4 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE
2. D 7. A 12. B 17. E 22. A EXERCISE 1
3. B 8. C 13. D 18. E 23. E 1. is being installed
4. C 9. C 14. D 19. A 24. D 2. is installed
5. B 10. A 15. A 20. C 3. was installed
4. was being installed
MODALS TEST 2 5. has been installed
1. D 6. A 11. B 16. D 21. E 6. had been installed
2. B 7. B 12. C 17. C 22. D 7. will be installed
3. C 8. D 13. B 18. E 23. B 8. is going to be installed
4. C 9. C 14. C 19. D 24. A 9. will have been installed
5. E 10. E 15. B 20. B
EXERCISE 2
MODALS TEST 3 1. are described by the author in the book
1. B 6. D 11. E 16. E 21. E 2. are mainly grown
2. B 7. E 12. B 17. D 22. B 3. is being developed by Honda
3. D 8. B 13. C 18. E 23. D 4. are being used
4. B 9. A 14. B 19. C 24. A 5. were executed by tribal, ethnic, or religious rivals
5. C 10. C 15. C 20. B 6. was mastered
7. they were being carried to Crimea by soldiers
MODALS TEST 4 8. was being carried out
1. D 6. E 11. B 16. A 21. E 9. has been initiated by the government of Arizona
2. C 7. D 12. C 17. B 22. C 10. has been found by a team of Canadian engineers
3. C 8. C 13. D 18. E 23. D 11. it had already been completed
4. A 9. D 14. B 19. D 24. E 12. had been thoroughly investigated
5. D 10. E 15. D 20. E 13. will be handed
14. will be provided
15. has been published - is going to be distributed
16. will be explored by the students
17. will have been examined by a sport physician
18. will have been solved - is launched
19. has been identified by researchers
20. is known
EXERCISE 3
1. Rubbish is the thing that is thrown away – anything
from unwanted old cars to cigarette packets.
2. In Britain in the Second World War, for example,
old metal and paper were recycled because it was
difficult to get new supplies.
3. But after some time, things were thrown away
again.
4. The rubbish that is likely to be thrown away is
things like beer cans or bottles, or packaging
around things we buy.
5. Packages are used by companies to sell the
product and nothing more.
6. They are thrown away, and they end up in the
dustbin, along with your old bottles, plastic and
cans.
10
7. What still often happens then is that everything is EXERCISE 5

taken away to a rubbish dump and buried, but not 1. will be allocated the resources - will be allocated to
always. the designated individual
8. In Britain in 1971, there was an outcry when 2. was granted the licence to sell alcohol - was
disposable, or throwaway bottles were introduced granted to the café
by Schweppes, the soft drink manufacturer.
3. has been awarded a 5% pay rise - has been
9. Previously, bottles were taken back to the shop, awarded to all the staff
and you were paid for them by the shop.
4. was offered a huge salary - was offered to Claire
10. A protest was organized by the conservation group,
5. had been sold to external investors - had been sold
Friends of the Earth.
most of the company’s shares
11. Thousands of new bottles were left outside
6. were served a type of cold soup called vichyssoise
Schweppes’ offices.
- was served to us
12. Most of the textiles, glass, metal, paper and
7. has been written several letters of complaint - have
cardboard can be recycled, and plastic, paper and
been written to the Ministry
cardboard can be burned as fuel for heating, which
saves energy. 8. will be sent all the necessary information - will be
sent to insurance companies
13. The vegetable waste can be used to make compost
to improve the gardens. 9. are going to be shown the procedures of
purchasing an automobile in Japan - are going to
14. The problem is to get authorities and governments
be shown to you
to make it easy to re-use what is thrown away.
10. were given a $ 25,000 grant - was given to the
15. This is because paper or metal cannot be recycled
researchers
by people for themselves – it is a big operation.
16. In more and more countries, old bottles are being
taken to a bottle bank. EXERCISE 6
17. And there, they are being collected and re-used. 1. has been - was established - has changed - is
18. In Switzerland, for example, the amount of paper known - got - is required
being recycled is over 70%. 2. offer - are located - are stressed out – forces on
19. Another welcome trend is that containers and 3. were identified - are called - find - look into - find
packaging are now being designed so that they are 4. developed - were called - existed - were considered
easy to recycle. 5. will have been installed - will be created
20. Now plastic-covered paper wrapping or drink 6. will ever be found - are often asked - is defined
cans made of two different metals are not used by 7. will have been cut - received - has recently been
designers. revealed - wants
8. is brought - were limited - had - choose - allows
EXERCISE 4 9. began - continued - was operated - was instituted -
1. Are the accounts of non-governmental had flourished - were based
organizations being checked 10. was put forward - was formulated - proposed
2. What is being done
3. Are experiments being conducted EXERCISE 7
4. How often are markets visited by the officials 1. be corrected
5. Were any drastic measures taken by the authorities 2. be taken
6. How were the results of the analysis made 3. adversely impact
7. Was the car being fixed by the mechanic 4. have been practised - have developed
8. What was being carried by the workers 5. have been caused
9. Have the results of the poll been announced by the 6. have been detected
chairman 7. be organized - be exchanged
10. How long has the myrtle plant been cultivated 8. have happened
11. Had the area been evacuated 9. be handed in - be presented
12 Who had the southern parts of the country been 10. be put into
occupied by
11. be replaced with
13. Will the interest rates be increased by the central
12. have spread
bank
14. When will the old furniture be replaced
15. Are the young children going to be educated
11
EXERCISE 8 EXERCISE 13
1. were exhausted 1. cannot be solved
2. were astonished 2. Nothing can be done
3. was surprised 3. No one / Nobody is allowed
4. were terrified 4. has not been used - anybody / anyone
5. are enthralled 5. cannot be persuaded - anybody / anyone
6. were captivated 6. Nothing has been done
7. are annoyed 7. been given nothing - been given anything
8. were damaged 8. Nothing can be achieved
9. were devastated
10. are located EXERCISE 14
1. being kept
EXERCISE 9 2. to be addressed
1. against 11. to 3. being watched
2. about 12. to 4. being asked
3. about 13. under 5. to be covered
4. at / by 14. with 6. to be limited
5. at / by 15. with / by / at 7. to be included
6. by 16. with 8. being excluded
7. from 17. of 9. having been invited
8. in 18. with / by 10. to have done
9. of 19. to
10. of 20. to EXERCISE 15
1. is believed that the council will reject - is believed to
EXERCISE 10 reject
1. D 6. D 11. A 16. C 2. was said that the old lady’s health was deteriorating
2. A 7. A 12. D 17. A - was said to be deteriorating
3. B 8. B 13. B 18. C 3. is known that many people suffered - are known to
4. E 9. D 14. C 19. E have suffered
5. C 10. E 15. E 20. A 4. is thought that the fire resulted - is thought to have
resulted
5. was reported that the company had collapsed - was
EXERCISE 11
reported to have collapsed
1. to get promoted 6. is reported that two men were burying - are
2. got exhausted reported to have been burying
3. get damaged 7. is acknowledged that the modern study of
4. got annoyed international law started - is acknowledged to have
5. got lost started
6. to get acquainted 8. is known that NASA has been collecting - is known
7. get embarrassed to have been collecting
8. got dressed 9. is believed that all of Madagascar’s Quaternary
9. get confused large vertebrate fauna survived - are believed to
10. get depressed have survived
10. is said that Italians are threatening - are said to be
threatening
EXERCISE 12
11. is estimated that Australia’s obesity rate will keep
1. C 6. E 11. E
rising - is estimated to keep rising
2. D 7. B 12. B
12. is known that official migration from socialist
3. E 8. D 13. D Yugoslavia to Austria and Sweden started - is
4. C 9. B 14. C known to have started
5. A 10. A 15. B
12
EXERCISE 16 8. began
1. Terry let me drive his new car 9. became
2. The teacher made us stay in the classroom during 10. was made
the break time 11. began
3. I got my friend to pick me up from the airport 12. acquired
4. I had the plumber fix my tap last night 13. was opened
5. I had / got my shirt taken in 14. arose
15. exercised
EXERCISE 17 16. was based
1. checked - check 6. wait 17. exercised
2. use 7. signed 18. were regarded
3. guide - recommend 8. analysed 19. were granted
4. tested 9. to speak 20. to conduct
5. prepared 10. to pull 21. (to) serve
22. be shipped
EXERCISE 18 23. come
CARBON FIBRE AND THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 24. lasted
1. has been used 25. brought
2. got
3. worried
PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE TEST 1
1. C 6. B 11. C 16. B 21. C
4. be found
2. C 7. E 12. D 17. D 22. A
5. is produced
3. D 8. A 13. B 18. A 23. C
6. has been used
4. D 9. D 14. E 19. E 24. D
7. is done
5. A 10. C 15. D 20. D
8. are put
9. is poured
10. is added PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE TEST 2
11. becomes 1. D 6. D 11. B 16. C 21. B
12. end 2. A 7. E 12. B 17. D 22. D
13. gives 3. D 8. C 13. E 18. D 23. A
14. is added 4. B 9. D 14. D 19. C 24. D
15. is frozen 5. B 10. C 15. A 20. E
16. gives
17. have been experimenting PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE TEST 3
18. built 1. B 6. E 11. D 16. B 21. A
19. was built 2. E 7. B 12. C 17. E 22. B
20. was made 3. C 8. B 13. C 18. A 23. A
21. are made 4. D 9. B 14. E 19. A 24. A
22. is coming / has come 5. A 10. E 15. D 20. E
23. are currently producing
24. will play PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE TEST 4
25. will be preferred / is preferred 1. B 6. E 11. B 16. B 21. D
2. E 7. D 12. D 17. B 22. B
ORIGINS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE 3. B 8. C 13. E 18. D 23. E
1. made 4. A 9. B 14. C 19. B 24. A
2. was driven 5. C 10. D 15. E 20. B
3. accelerated
4. resulted
5. had settled
6. was obtained
7. established
13
3. If the food had been distributed fairly and efficiently,

UNIT 5 CONDITIONAL many families in the camp would not be deprived of
CLAUSES food today.
4. If Italy had taken the necessary precautions at the
EXERCISE 1 very beginning, it would not be suffering from the
1. are not - are - are - are not spread of the virus in the worst way.
2. were not warned - did not take - did not take - were 5. If I hadn’t been able to convince my co-worker to
not warned attend the conference in place of me, I would have
3. did not provide - got - got - did not provide to go to İstanbul tomorrow.
4. are - revolves - revolves - are
5. did not take - spread - spread - did not take EXERCISE 5
6. did not invest - had - had - did not invest 1. Had her new kitchen not cost her a lot of money,
7. may persuade - may have she would not be short of money now.
8. is not equipped - are not - are not - is not equipped 2. Were I you, I would by my plane ticket in advance
because flights to Birmingham are always full.
3. Had I planned everything perfectly before starting, I
EXERCISE 2 would not have faced that many problems.
1. invests - will take 4. Should you encounter anything suspicious in your
2. invested - would take neighbourhood, you must immediately call the
3. had invested - would have taken police station.
4. asks - may / might / will / could have to move 5. Had the accident been your fault, the insurance
5. asked - would move company would not pay you anything.
6. had asked - would have moved 6. Should you run too fast in the first few laps, you will
not have enough energy for the final sprint.
7. had found - would have gone
7. Had the heating system in the building not failed,
8. had - would go
the classes would not have been cancelled
9. would not wear - could read
yesterday.
10. would not have worn - could have read
8. Were I in charge of the organization, I would
11. continues - will lose make many changes in the way the business is
12. could have understood - had read conducted.
13. increase - will have
14. had envisioned - would not have acted EXERCISE 6
15. led - would not eat 1. D 6. A 11. C 16. E
2. E 7. B 12. A 17. C
EXERCISE 3 3. A 8. C 13. D 18. D
4. C 9. D 14. B 19. A
1. persist - will head
5. C 10. E 15. D 20. E
2. has already started - will not be
3. would join - wanted
4. would have arrived - had taken EXERCISE 7
5. cannot expect - do not show 1. They will have to close their business unless they
6. keep - will have finished can promote their sales through digitized marketing
7. had taken - would have happened and advertisements.
8. would sue - did not fulfil 2. Ecosystems cannot be saved unless countries
9. was / were elected - would build work together to help the environment.
10. did not exist - would not occur 3. All the league matches will have to be cancelled
unless the spread of coronavirus can be taken
under control.
EXERCISE 4 4. Students are not allowed to enter the laboratory
1. If the students had prepared sufficiently, they would unless they are under the supervision of a teacher.
be actively participating in the discussions now. 5. A landlord cannot force you to pay a higher rent
2. If there had not been many accidents at that road unless you agree to a new rental agreement.
junction, town planners would not install traffic
lights there.
14
1. Unless 3. unless 5. If 1. Because governments did not take proper steps to
2. If 4. If 6. unless protect giant pandas years ago, they are under the
threat of becoming extinct.
2. We did not leave home a few minutes earlier, and
EXERCISE 9 now we have to hurry to catch the bus to İzmir.
1. Even if he gets accepted to a university abroad, he 3. My mother will be visiting her optician tomorrow
will not be able to afford the tuition. because her eyesight has got worse since she got
2. Even if the government survives the current crisis, this computing job.
it is likely that they will face grave problems. 4. The new owners of the company have changed
3. Even if we increase the current amount of most of the procedures, and now more and more of
photovoltaic energy, we will not be able to keep my colleagues are thinking of resigning.
pace with future demands. 5. We could not find tickets for the match, so we will
4. A restaurant owner has decided to feed people not be watching it at the stadium tonight.
for free amid the coronavirus pandemic even if it
means going bankrupt. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES TEST 1
5. Even if we manage to limit global warming, we will 1. C 6. B 11. C 16. D 21. D
continue to see major changes in the oceans. 2. B 7. C 12. E 17. E 22. D
3. B 8. E 13. C 18. E 23. C
EXERCISE 10 4. A 9. B 14. B 19. C 24. D
1. If 4. in case 5. A 10. E 15. D 20. D
2. if 5. if
3. in case 6. in case
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES TEST 2
1. D 6. C 11. E 16. C 21. B
EXERCISE 11 2. A 7. A 12. D 17. E 22. E
1. would have spread 3. B 8. D 13. A 18. D 23. A
2. would diminish 4. A 9. C 14. E 19. D 24. C
3. would have finished 5. B 10. B 15. D 20. D
4. would have taken
5. would have been
6. could have been
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES TEST 3
1. C 6. B 11. D 16. E 21. D
7. would be experiencing
2. E 7. C 12. C 17. A 22. D
8. would have preferred
3. C 8. A 13. C 18. C 23. E
4. E 9. B 14. A 19. B 24. A
EXERCISE 12
5. D 10. E 15. A 20. B
1. were 6. had not decided
2. did not have 7. had died
3. had made 8. did not have to CONDITIONAL CLAUSES TEST 4
4. had - had 9. had 1. C 6. C 11. A 16. E 21. E
5. had taken 10. were / could be 2. A 7. D 12. D 17. D 22. B
3. A 8. B 13. D 18. B 23. D
4. E 9. C 14. C 19. D 24. C
EXERCISE 13
1. has left 5. are having 5. D 10. D 15. C 20. C
2. had been 6. were
3. had been 7. had been
4. were written 8. did
15
21. at keeping
UNIT 6 GERUNDS &
22. in following
INFINITIVES 23. for installing
24. of having
EXERCISE 1
25. from pursuing
(Sample answers) 26. from falling
1. Doing yoga / Jogging / Doing regular exercise / 27. to providing
Exercising regularly
28. for being
2. Ironing / Doing the ironing / Doing the washing-up /
29. for completing
Vacuuming the floor
30. about changing
3. Reading and writing / Listening and speaking /
Writing and speaking
4. Doing sports / Listening to music / Dancing / EXERCISE 4
Walking in nature 1. of being involved
5. Being good at computers / Having a good 2. in controlling
command of English / Adding a foreign language in 3. of becoming
your resume 4. of checking
5. for managing
EXERCISE 2 6. of consuming
(Sample answers) 7. for developing
1. reading books - practising regularly - listening to 8. in locking
songs in the target language - watching films and 9. of holding
series in the target language 10. to providing
2. having to get accustomed to a new culture and a
new way of life - learning the language
EXERCISE 5
3. having a peaceful and quiet life - leading a healthier
1. by 9. without
life - having fresh air all the time
2. without 10. by
4. not having a private life - having no privacy - not
leading lives of normal people 3. – 11. –
5. going fishing - going for a walk in the mountains - 4. in / - 12. with
reading a book - watching TV 5. by 13. –
6. without 14. –
EXERCISE 3 7. – 15. by
8. – 16. without
1. in banning
2. from consuming
3. to working EXERCISE 6
4. about having 1. having taken
5. on doing 2. to dealing
6. of hiding 3. being
7. of stealing 4. about finding
8. for causing - to owning 5. in waiting
9. with improving 6. from making
10. to using 7. of protecting
11. for breaking 8. in achieving
12. from investing 9. in saving - of doing
13. for failing 10. having made
14. of being 11. being ignored
15. with running - with making 12. being told
16. of fulfilling 13. by having
17. to working 14. without showing
18. of being 15. trying - by talking
19. of managing 16. being promoted
20. about going
16
EXERCISE 7 6. The soil is too weak to support vehicular traffic

1. It is relieving to know that the spread of the virus 7. She was driving too carelessly to avoid the
has been taken under control. accident
2. It will be beneficial for us to hear different 8. The legislation is not harsh enough to prevent
viewpoints. further crimes
3. It will take a great deal of time and effort to
undertake these repairs. EXERCISE 12
4. It is not sensible to invest in a foreign property 1. to be intended - to help
without taking a close look at it first. 2. jeopardizing
5. It is frightening to think that women are not safe in 3. to help
their own neighbourhoods and homes.
4. imposing
5. getting
EXERCISE 8 6. responding
1. for us to leave the Earth in a good condition for 7. to improve
future generations 8. to educate
2. of us to leave the keys inside the house 9. using - to test
3. for women to consume alcohol while breastfeeding 10. taking
4. for you to learn from others’ mistakes 11. to lend - joining
5. of her to believe that he really cared for her 12. to add
13. to promote - increasing
EXERCISE 9 14. to improve - starting
(Sample answers) 15. to remove
1. to avoid close contact with people who are sick / to 16. Being charged
follow sanitary practices 17. to achieve
2. to become a famous author / to climb Mount 18. Staying - to recover
Everest 19. to identify - to be supported - covering
3. to eradicate poverty / to increase employment 20. to lower - to boost
4. to wash the dishes and to clean my room
5. to provide each of them with a laptop / to represent
EXERCISE 13
them in the best way
1. to learn / learning
2. to question / questioning
EXERCISE 10
3. to work / working - earning
1. is too difficult for us to solve
4. to work
2. is too inexperienced / is not experienced enough to
5. working
get the job
6. to play / playing - to rain / raining
3. are too weak / are not strong enough to cope with
difficult situations 7. using
4. is too controversial to be broadcast on TV 8. to use
5. was too tired to take part in the activities in the 9. wearing
afternoon session 10. to wear
6. are not prosperous enough to pay their taxes 11. to redecorate - to freshen
regularly 12. redecorating
13. being
EXERCISE 11 14. to photograph
1. It is not cheap enough to look after and repair old 15. to send
buildings 16. dealing
2. It is not safe enough to fly between the mountains 17. to offend
in heavy rain 18. doing - saying - acting
3. He spoke too fast for us to take notes 19. doing
4. The tunnel was too narrow to allow vehicles to pass 20. to do
each other
5. The British Navy did not arrive at Subic Bay in the
Philippines early enough to take part in real fighting
17
EXERCISE 14 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES TEST 3

1. to have been written 1. B 6. B 11. E 16. B 21. B
2. to have had 2. C 7. D 12. D 17. C 22. B
3. to have been exposed 3. C 8. D 13. D 18. D 23. C
4. to be elected 4. C 9. B 14. A 19. E 24. D
5. to act - to leave 5. C 10. B 15. E 20. D
6. to be suffering
7. to have been written GERUNDS & INFINITIVES TEST 4
8. to be spoken 1. C 6. C 11. D 16. B 21. A
9. to have seen 2. C 7. C 12. E 17. E 22. D
10. to have started 3. A 8. B 13. A 18. C 23. C
11. to be viewed 4. A 9. C 14. D 19. B 24. E
12. to have been murdered 5. A 10. C 15. C 20. D
13. to be respected
14. to learn
15. to spend
16. to be declining
EXERCISE 15
1. carry / carrying
2. repair / repairing
3. trembling - shaking
4. burning
5. trying
6. hiding
7. to move / moving
8. shouting - laughing
9. cheating
10. working
EXERCISE 16
1. B 5. E 9. A
2. C 6. D 10. B
3. A 7. A
4. D 8. C
GERUNDS & INFINITIVES TEST 1

1. E 6. B 11. E 16. D 21. B
2. C 7. B 12. C 17. D 22. B
3. A 8. A 13. C 18. E 23. A
4. C 9. B 14. D 19. C 24. E
5. C 10. D 15. B 20. E
GERUNDS & INFINITIVES TEST 2

1. C 6. C 11. E 16. D 21. A
2. A 7. A 12. E 17. D 22. E
3. C 8. C 13. C 18. D 23. A
4. C 9. C 14. C 19. D 24. B
5. C 10. E 15. E 20. D
18
11. Whether they really want to take part in the

UNIT 7 NOUN CLAUSES activities in the afternoon (or not)
EXERCISE 1 12. whether all the preparations had been completed
before the start of the events (or not)
1. what they need to solve the problem
2. where they will hold the conference
3. how much counterfeit money the police found at EXERCISE 3
the gang’s headquarters 1. whether / if she deserves a special mention for all
4. how many sheep escaped from the farm last week the help she has given us (or not)
5. whose car she wants to buy 2. why blood plays a critical role in the fight against
6. how long it took him to make the arrangements disease
ready 3. how long silk has been used for the production of
7. Why she accepted the job in Madrid luxuries textiles
8. How he managed to get out of the locked room 4. who wanted to become involved in the quarrel
between the two members
9. who she will invite to her party at the weekend
5. whether / if slimming bars provide the vitamins and
10. what we can do to improve the situation
minerals the body needs (or not)
11. when they are going to announce the results
6. Whether all the children will be given a role in the
12. how often we need to wash our hands to avoid the play (or not)
virus
7. why politicians from the opposition are constantly
13. whose proposal has been accepted for funding criticizing the government
14. where I hid my brother’s toy car 8. how many countries signed the Antarctic Treaty on
15. what I have to do to become a college professor 1 December 1959
16. how I can apply for the post advertised in the 9. whether / if all nations will send teams of selected
newspaper athletes to take part in the Olympic Games (or not)
17. what sort of equipment we need to climb Mount 10. what kind of drugs doctors prescribe in the
Everest treatment of ear disorders and infections
18. how long it took him to solve the puzzle 11. what the reason for her to deliberately conceal
19. what colour shoes she would like to get as a personal information from him was
birthday gift 12. whether / if we have to apply in person to register
20. how she was able to convince her father to go on to vote (or not)
holiday with her boyfriend
EXERCISE 4
EXERCISE 2 1. C 5. E 9. D
1. whether / if they should send peace-keeping forces 2. A 6. E 10. C
to trouble spots around the world (or not) 3. B 7. A
2. whether / if creatine supplementation in large 4. A 8. B
amounts is safe (or not)
3. Whether we can generate electricity by using EXERCISE 5
gravitational force (or not)
1. whoever
4. whether / if you will be able to deliver our orders
2. whatever
before Friday (or not)
3. wherever
5. Whether the present moment is physically distinct
from the past and future (or not) 4. However / Whenever
6. Whether the Russian army will be successful in 5. whichever
defeating any conventional military opposition in 6. whoever / whomever
Ukraine (or not) 7. Whoever
7. whether / if they needed anyone to assist them with 8. However
the project (or not) 9. wherever
8. Whether we are going to have a holiday abroad this 10. whatever
summer (or not)
9. Whether we have to wear formal clothes for the
dinner party (or not)
10. whether / if the exhibition was more interesting than
the previous ones (or not)
19
EXERCISE 6 5. we would definitely enjoy the time we would spend

1. C 7. A 13. A 19. B 25. B in their holiday resort
2. A 8. D 14. C 20. C 26. E 6. his daughter always blamed him whenever
3. D 9. E 15. B 21. A 27. D anything went wrong
4. B 10. E 16. D 22. C 28. C 7. they would invest over $14,000 million in the Latin
5. E 11. C 17. A 23. E 29. B American region the following year
6. B 12. D 18. E 24. D 30. A 8. they had made a huge profit the previous year after
the introduction of their new product
9. she might provide them with the details of the
EXERCISE 7 program later that day
1. isn’t she 10. the new staff was a rather unreliable sort of person
2. don’t they and she couldn’t believe everything he said
3. will there
4. won’t they EXERCISE 11
5. do they 1. whether / if she had handed in the reports to her
6. did it teacher the day before (the previous day) (or not)
7. will you 2. whether / if he had made all the arrangements for
8. shall we the party the following week (or not)
9. will you 3. whether / if the participants would be given a
10. won’t there certificate at the end of the seminar (or not)
11. haven’t they 4. whether / if her children were taking a written exam
12. isn’t it in their school at that moment (or not)
5. who was going to meet the cost of my travelling
EXERCISE 8 expenses
1. hope so 6. what the police had found in the trunk of the car
2. think so parked in front of her house the day before (the
previous day)
3. believe so
7. how long it took me to get to work in the morning
4. doesn’t seem so
8. what kind of movies she (had) watched when she
5. am afraid not
was a child
6. hope not
9. when she last had had her eyesight tested
7. don’t think so
10. how many hours a day they had to walk in Great
8. am afraid not Himalayan Trails Trekking
EXERCISE 9
EXERCISE 12
1. so has
2. neither / nor do 1. to pay particular attention to the warnings printed
on the label
3. didn’t either
2. to go straight on and take the second turning on the
4. so will
left
5. hasn’t either
3. to avoid making the same mistakes again and
6. do too again
7. so would 4. to remember to phone him as soon as she got
8. neither / nor could home
9. do not either 5. not to make hasty decisions when looking for
10. so do financial assistance
6. not to interrupt him when he was trying to
EXERCISE 10 concentrate on his studies
1. she had already done the shopping with his father 7. not to waste his time doing useless things
2. he was having a great time with his girlfriend on 8. not to ask him why she was crying
holiday then
3. she had told the secret to her flatmate
4. they would have to work overtime the following
week due to the serious competition their company
faced in the market
20
EXERCISE 13 UNIT 8 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

1. I had to tell her the secret - she might get offended
with me EXERCISE 1
2. where the children were - whether / if they had 1. A 6. A 11. A 16. A
arrived yet (or not) 2. B 7. A 12. B 17. A
3. what they were waiting for - to set to work 3. A 8. B 13. A 18. B
immediately 4. B 9. B 14. B 19. A
4. it was getting colder and colder - if she could 5. B 10. A 15. A 20. A
turn on the central heating / to turn on the central
heating EXERCISE 2
5. not to disturb him while studying - he had an 1. accurate 9. moderate
important exam the following day
2. annoyingly 10. dangerously
6. her privacy was the most important thing to her -
3. severe 11. easily
not to ask her questions about her private life
4. suspicious 12. enthusiastic
7. the virus had the potential to spread very quickly -
5. carefully 13. effectively
not to go out unless it was absolutely necessary
6. clearly 14. reasonable
8. why all those people had gathered outside -
whether / if they were celebrating a special 7. exciting 15. pleasingly
occasion (or not) 8. correctly 16. badly
NOUN CLAUSES TEST 1 EXERCISE 3

1. C 6. E 11. E 16. A 21. E 1. E 7. B 13. C 19. A 25. D
2. E 7. E 12. D 17. C 22. B 2. B 8. E 14. B 20. E 26. A
3. B 8. E 13. A 18. E 23. A 3. C 9. B 15. D 21. E 27. B
4. C 9. A 14. C 19. C 24. D 4. A 10. A 16. C 22. A 28. C
5. B 10. B 15. E 20. D 5. B 11. D 17. A 23. B 29. E
6. C 12. E 18. B 24. E 30. B
NOUN CLAUSES TEST 2 EXERCISE 4

1. A 6. D 11. B 16. C 21. C 1. B 7. E 13. A 19. D 25. B
2. C 7. E 12. B 17. A 22. C 2. A 8. B 14. C 20. E 26. A
3. D 8. D 13. E 18. D 23. B 3. E 9. C 15. E 21. A 27. D
4. D 9. E 14. C 19. B 24. C 4. D 10. E 16. A 22. C 28. A
5. B 10. D 15. D 20. C 5. C 11. B 17. C 23. E 29. C
6. A 12. D 18. A 24. D 30. B
NOUN CLAUSES TEST 3
1. C 6. C 11. D 16. D 21. D EXERCISE 5
2. C 7. D 12. C 17. B 22. B 1. so complicated that an average person does not
3. E 8. C 13. A 18. D 23. D know all of the signs or letters
4. A 9. D 14. D 19. D 24. E 2. so strict that even minor offences bring severe
5. A 10. E 15. D 20. C punishment
3. so confidently that his words made a great
impression on me
NOUN CLAUSES TEST 4
4. so slowly that it doesn’t pump enough blood to
1. A 6. D 11. B 16. D 21. C
meet the body’s needs
2. C 7. A 12. C 17. C 22. D
5. such a tiring journey that we all felt exhausted at
3. B 8. D 13. E 18. D 23. D the end of it
4. C 9. C 14. B 19. E 24. D 6. such a vast issue that it means different things to
5. B 10. E 15. E 20. C different people
7. such hot weather that the children were not able to
take long walks in the forenoon
8. such comfortable rooms that we wished that we did
not have to leave
21
1. lately 7. polluted 1. The more thoroughly we researched the problem,
2. annoying 8. further the more we realized the seriousness of it.
3. quickly 9. directly 2. The more familiar you become with your
4. hardly 10. amazing customers, the easier it gets for you to provide
5. affluent 11. harder them with what they need.
6. well 12. later 3. The more diverse a workplace is, the more success
the company experiences.
EXERCISE 7 4. The closer you get to the summit of the climb, the
1. healthier - potentially foggier the weather becomes.
2. harder - more - than 5. The larger the area over which the force acts, the
greater the pressure becomes.
3. highly - as heavy as
6. The deeper you dive into the ocean, the more the
4. price - less - higher
pressure on your body becomes.
5. newly - as - similarly
6. so - serious
EXERCISE 11
7. more closely - than
8. graver - less 1. is not as / so tiring as travelling by bus
9. The more - the more 2. was not as / so comfortable as this one
10. hard 3. use to have such a luxurious car
11. shocking - higher 4. are not as / so affluent as public ones
12. less - the longer - the easier 5. are not as / so sophisticated as those in Manhattan
and Brooklyn
13. carefully - safely
6. is not such a popular sport as cricket in India
14. higher - as much energy as
7. is not as / so interesting as this one
15. so - precise - that - incredibly
8. is not such a good way to motivate people as
16. as - well - as
criticism
EXERCISE 8
EXERCISE 12
1. more efficient
1. three times as much money as Murat
2. safer
2. almost twice as big as Mars
3. more rapidly - more comprehensively
3. four times as much as Aslı
4. easier
4. eight times as many pens in her pencil box as
5. more diligently Mehmet
6. keener 5. is almost three times as tall as the Empire State
7. worse Building
8. better 6. twice as many rooms as the Palm Tree Hotel
9. more enthusiastically
10. faster EXERCISE 13
11. more comprehensive
1. greatest
12. more influential
2. most - best
3. more - larger
EXERCISE 9 4. most
1. more and more popular 5. more
2. more and more expensive 6. extremely - low enough
3. stronger and stronger 7. as adeptly as
4. more and more anxious 8. as - as
5. worse and worse 9. the most - strongly
6. hotter and hotter 10. more - the least
7. more and more universal 11. least
8. more and more 12. less - more - more
13. the longest - the most
14. the shortest - the fewest
22
15. carefully - significant

UNIT 9 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
16. so - terrified - as
EXERCISE 1
EXERCISE 14 1. The man who / that arranged the meeting is the
1. like / such as 7. As manager of an international company.
2. like 8. like 2. Mary who tried to steal a woman’s purse is outside
3. as 9. as the supermarket.
4. like 10. like / such as 3. The girl who / that served us at the café could
5. As 11. as speak German and French equally well.
6. like 12. Like 4. Indonesia is a democratic country, which is
governed by a presidential system.
5. Scientists have discovered a new planet which /
ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 1 that could be home to extra-terrestrial life.
1. D 6. D 11. E 16. D 21. E 6. Photosynthesis is a process which / that converts
2. C 7. D 12. E 17. D 22. E radiant energy to chemical potential energy.
3. E 8. E 13. E 18. D 23. D
4. A 9. E 14. A 19. D 24. C EXERCISE 2
5. D 10. E 15. C 20. B 1. My secretary, who / whom the manager sent to the
bank has not come back.
ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 2 2. The girl who / whom / that / ᴓ I want to take out for
1. C 6. B 11. B 16. C 21. E dinner works as a clerk in a bank.
2. A 7. E 12. D 17. A 22. C 3. The actor who / whom / that / ᴓ journalists wanted
3. C 8. A 13. D 18. D 23. E to interview about his new project was no longer at
the hotel.
4. E 9. C 14. D 19. C 24. C
4. The medicine which / that / ᴓ the doctor prescribed
5. E 10. B 15. E 20. A
for my backache did not help relieve my pain.
5. This club, which my sister will join, does not provide
ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 3 tennis facilities.
1. B 6. C 11. B 16. E 21. E 6. The money which / that / ᴓ you spend on trivial
2. D 7. D 12. B 17. D 22. C things should be spent on more necessary goods.
3. C 8. B 13. D 18. B 23. C
4. E 9. C 14. B 19. C 24. D EXERCISE 3
5. C 10. C 15. B 20. C 1. The boy who / whom / that / ᴓ / Julia has been
waiting for since Monday has not turned up yet.
ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 4 The boy for whom Julia has been waiting since
1. D 6. C 11. D 16. B 21. E Monday has not turned up yet.
2. D 7. E 12. A 17. B 22. C 2. It is not always so easy to talk to someone who /
whom / that / ᴓ you have never spoken with before.
3. B 8. D 13. C 18. C 23. E
It is not always so easy to talk to someone with
4. B 9. B 14. D 19. A 24. E whom you have never spoken before.
5. C 10. D 15. B 20. D 3. James Wilson is a famous businessman, who /
whom you can find a lot of information about on the
Internet.
James Wilson is a famous businessman about
whom you can find a lot of information on the
Internet.
4. The position which / that / ᴓ my brother applied for
yesterday has already been filled.
The position for which my brother applied
yesterday has already been filled.
5. The blue car, which my father spent a fortune on,
keeps on breaking down.
The blue car on which my father spent a fortune
keeps on breaking down.
23
6. Vocabulary development is a process which (that / and 1880s when / that / ᴓ / in which herds were
ᴓ) people acquire words by. driven into the region from Texas.
Vocabulary development is a process by which 2. Those workers noticed changes to their
people acquire words. paycheques starting in 2018, when / in which the
new tax rates went into effect.
EXERCISE 4 3. The first flight of Frank Whittle’s jet engine took
1. The woman whose car my brother hit last night is in place on 15 May 1941, when / on which an E-28-39
hospital now. aircraft made a 17 minute flight piloted by test pilot
Gerry Sayer.
2. One of my friends whose father has made a fortune
out of oil has bought a new car. 4. The couple were visiting White Island two weeks
ago on their honeymoon, when the volcano
3. The man whose photograph we saw in the
erupted, killing 19 people.
newspaper yesterday has been murdered.
4. That woman, whose husband has sailed around
the world alone in a 55-foot sailing yacht, has told EXERCISE 7
us very interesting stories. 1. Spring is the time of the year during which / when
5. The woman whose son got an honours degree everything in nature is changing and promising new
at university always boasts about how clever her life and new hope.
children are. 2. April is the month in which / when the professional
6. That is a list of the states whose citizens are baseball season begins in the United States.
exempted from the visa requirement. 3. September 11, 2001 was the day on which / when
nineteen hijackers attacked New York City.
EXERCISE 5 4. Summer is the season in which / when any of New
York’s best annual events are held.
1. Everybody always dreams of his own house, which
/ that / ᴓ they can live happily and prosperously in. 5. 1995 was the year in which / when Poverty reached
Everybody always dreams of his own house, its highest level in Hungary.
in which / where they can live happily and 6. Early childhood is the time during which / when
prosperously. children learn to treat others with consideration.
2. You must keep medicines in a safe place which /
that / ᴓ children cannot reach them in. EXERCISE 8
You must keep medicines in a safe place in which / 1. B 6. A 11. D 16. B
where children cannot reach them. 2. E 7. D 12. E 17. A
3. Barcelona is a city, which you can lose yourself in 3. D 8. C 13. D 18. C
the art and innovation of Catalonia in. 4. C 9. A 14. B 19. D
Barcelona is a city, in which / where you can lose
5. E 10. B 15. C 20. E
yourself in the art and innovation of Catalonia.
4. The church has been converted into a mosque
which / that / ᴓ Muslims in the northern part of the EXERCISE 9
city can pray in. 1. B 6. A 11. D 16. E
The church has been converted into a mosque in 2. A 7. C 12. B 17. C
which / where Muslims in the northern part of the 3. D 8. C 13. E 18. A
city can pray. 4. E 9. A 14. C 19. B
5. Fortissimo was born in a town which / that / ᴓ 5. E 10. D 15. A 20. D
music was more important than anything else in.
Fortissimo was born in a town in which / where
music was more important than anything else. EXERCISE 10
6. Our dream is to create a social place which / that 1. The incidence rate of the disease varies across
/ ᴓ people from all walks of life can meet and the country, which has encouraged us to conduct a
connect in a variety of activities in. case-control study to study risk factors.
Our dream is to create a social place in which / 2. Most traffic accidents occur during the early hours
where people from all walks of life can meet and in the morning, which proves that lack of sleep can
connect in a variety of activities. lead to distractibility and thus accidents.
3. The term “civil law” is used to mean two quite
EXERCISE 6 different things, which can be a little confusing for
1. The livestock industry in Arizona has been people trying to understand the justice system.
important for the whole country since the 1870s 4. At the hotel, we were given a room facing the main
24
road, which was depressing because the noise of focus more on their studies.
the vehicles passing by kept us awake all night. 13. They are going out to buy something to eat for
dinner tonight.
EXERCISE 11 14. I have a lot of things to do in order to achieve my
1. D 7. D 13. A 19. B goals in life.
2. A 8. E 14. C 20. E 15. The students waiting for their funding from the
3. E 9. B 15. E 21. B government were disappointed.
4. C 10. C 16. B 22. C 16. Dr. Smith has written several chemistry books
5. B 11. D 17. B 23. D published by Oxford University Press.
6. A 12. C 18. D 24. A
EXERCISE 14
1. D 7. C 13. B 19. C
EXERCISE 12 2. E 8. E 14. A 20. E
1. I invested my savings in two public companies, 3. A 9. D 15. C 21. B
both of which promptly went into liquidation. 4. C 10. B 16. D 22. A
2. Universities are being asked to select from a 5. B 11. E 17. B 23. D
significantly reduced pool of applicants, a large 6. A 12. D 18. A 24. E
number of whom are independently educated or
from overseas.
3. Judy Blume has an interesting perspective, some EXERCISE 15
of whose books have been quite controversial for MULTIVITAMINS
different reasons. 1. why 11. whose
4. Five Cambodians were found working aboard the 2. which 12. -
Thai fishing vessel Sor Manachaiwaree, none of 3. which 13. which / that
whom had identification, visas or work permits. 4. which 14. which / that
5. which 15. which
EXERCISE 13 6. which 16. which
7. who / that 17. who / that
1. Those students desiring a second grammar course
should sign up at my office. 8. who / that 18. which / that
2. 43% of the consultants taking part in the project 9. which / that 19. who / that
thought that the sustainability of the project was 10. which 20. which
impossible.
3. The survey conducted by the government did not LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
indicate true public opinion. 1. whose 11. where
4. The criminal picked up at the airport was taken into 2. - 12. which
police custody. 3. which / that 13. which
5. The plan being developed will initially increase the 4. which 14. when
capacity of the main lanes by one lane in each 5. which 15. -
direction. 6. which 16. when
6. Enzyme technology is another area of research 7. when 17. -
currently being applied to skincare formulations.
8. whose 18. which
7. London, the capital and largest city of England and
9. whose 19. -
the United Kingdom, stands on the River Thames
in the south-east of England. 10. which 20. which
8. George Washington, an American military general,
served as the first president of the United States
from 1789 to 1797.
9. Xiaomi, once limited to China, is now becoming
very popular in global market.
10. Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to be
awarded a Ph.D. in Psychology.
11. India is the only country in the world to boast of
more than 22 registered cuisines.
12. All the students wishing for a better grade need to
25
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - TEST 1

1. A 6. B 11. A 16. B 21. E
UNIT 10 CONJUNCTIONS &
2. D 7. A 12. D 17. C 22. B TRANSITIONS
3. E 8. D 13. B 18. B 23. D
EXERCISE 1
4. B 9. C 14. C 19. A 24. D
5. E 10. D 15. A 20. E 1. Not only - but
2. Both - and
3. either - or
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - TEST 2 4. Neither - nor
1. B 6. A 11. C 16. B 21. B
5. Not only - but also
2. A 7. E 12. B 17. B 22. E
6. Not only - but
3. E 8. A 13. C 18. A 23. C
7. either - or
4. D 9. D 14. C 19. C 24. E
8. neither - nor
5. C 10. B 15. D 20. E
9. both - and
10. not only - but also
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - TEST 3 11. Not only - but
1. C 6. B 11. B 16. E 21. B 12. either - or
2. E 7. D 12. A 17. B 22. A 13. neither - nor
3. B 8. D 13. D 18. D 23. D 14. both - and
4. D 9. E 14. D 19. B 24. E 15. not only - but also
5. B 10. A 15. D 20. B 16. neither - nor
17. either - or
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - TEST 4 18. not only - but also
1. B 6. C 11. B 16. C 21. C 19. neither - nor
2. C 7. E 12. B 17. A 22. B 20. Both - and
3. B 8. C 13. A 18. E 23. C
4. D 9. A 14. D 19. D 24. D EXERCISE 2
5. D 10. C 15. B 20. A 1. is 7. was
2. are 8. have
3. has 9. has
4. is 10. is
5. are 11. are
6. were 12. has
EXERCISE 3
1. were discovered / had been discovered - began
2. is passed / has been passed - will be
3. had already become - was discovered
4. intensified - were found / had been found
5. are completed / have been completed
6. are provided
7. had - were being interrogated
8. ended - had died - had been wounded
9. will have changed - will be shining - arrives
10. will remain - are given / have been given
11. have made / have been making - were given
12. begin - reach / have reached
13. focuses - are recognized / have been recognized
14. ran - heard / had heard
15. had the members of the new committee assembled
- were called
16. had the new manager been appointed - faced
26
EXERCISE 4
1. Small businesses take out loans so that they can f. Because of the abundance of sunlight, solar energy
improve and grow their businesses. is particularly useful in Australia.
2. She wants to study hair design and acquire a g. There is an abundance of sunlight in Australia, so
business mentor so that she can advance her solar energy is particularly useful there.
business management skills.
3. Farmers must be helped to adopt organic farming 3.
so that they can increase their agriculture yield in a a. The majority of motorway accidents are usually
sustainable manner. catastrophic as they occur at high speeds.
4. Between the 15th and 17th centuries, Europeans As they occur at high speeds, the majority of
wanted to explore the world so that they could gain motorway accidents are usually catastrophic.
wealth. b. The majority of motorway accidents occur at high
speeds. Thus, they are usually catastrophic.
EXERCISE 5 c. The majority of motorway accidents occur at such
high speeds that they are usually catastrophic.
A.
d. The majority of motorway accidents are usually
1.
catastrophic, for they occur at high speeds.
a. Because artificial substances may have detrimental
e. As a result of the high speeds at which the majority
effects on health, a lot of people avoid foods that
of motorway accidents happen, they are usually
contain them.
catastrophic.
A lot of people avoid foods that contain artificial
substances because they may have detrimental
effects on health. B.
1. Because 11. for
b. Artificial substances may have detrimental effects
on health; therefore, a lot of people avoid foods that 2. since 12. on account of
contain them. 3. Due to 13. so
c. Artificial substances may be so detrimental to 4. as a result of 14. such
health that a lot of people avoid foods that contain 5. so 15. As
them. 6. Owing to 16. so
d. Artificial substances may have such detrimental 7. for 17. thus
effects on health that a lot of people avoid foods 8. because 18. for
that contain them. 9. Thanks to 19. because
e. A lot of people avoid foods that contain artificial 10. Because of 20. therefore
substances, for they may have detrimental effects
on health.
f. Due to their detrimental effects on health, a EXERCISE 6
lot of people avoid foods that contain artificial 1. Humans, by nature, make subjective and biased
substances. decisions however impartial they try to be.
g. Artificial substances may have detrimental effects 2. No matter what governments do to restrict it,
on health, so a lot of people avoid foods that international migration looks likely to grow as
contain them. rapidly as in the past.
3. Regardless of how well donated brains are
2. preserved, they disintegrate over time.
a. Since there is an abundance of sunlight in 4. No matter how difficult it is to quit smoking, doing
Australia, solar energy is particularly useful there. so will improve your health and lower your health
Solar energy is particularly useful in Australia since care costs.
there is an abundance of sunlight there. 5. Psychopaths rarely feel guilt regarding any of their
b. There is an abundance of sunlight in Australia; as a behaviours, however much they hurt others.
result, solar energy is particularly useful there. 6. Fear in early childhood is inevitable wherever you
c. Sunlight is so abundant in Australia that solar live on Earth.
energy is particularly useful there. 7. Whichever diet you choose, it should be carefully
d. There is such an abundance of sunlight in Australia balanced and should never be too high in protein.
that solar energy is particularly useful there. 8. No matter when I look at this tree in my garden, it is
e. Solar energy is particularly useful in Australia, for always covered in bees.
there is an abundance of sunlight there.
27
A. A.
1. Despite being one of the largest coal producers, 1. Mussels live in one place, but birds may migrate
India still depends on imports to meet its demands. thousands of kilometres from where they breed.
2. Although it has been in use for years, social 2. In junior high mathematics, female students are
media remains largely uncharted territory for many more fluent in geometry and algebra; in contrast,
businesses. male students perform better in numbers and data-
3. In spite of the worries about China’s economy, related areas.
most analysts believe that the country will be able 3. Current Indian consumption of pigment is only 1.5
to avoid a sharp economic slowdown. kg / person; however, developed countries typically
4. Even though there have been developments in use 4 kg / person.
insulin therapy, optimal glycaemic control remains 4. Whereas smell is a very well-developed sense in
unachievable for many children and adolescents mammals, birds have long been thought to lack
with type 1 diabetes. such keen olfactory abilities.
5. Despite having been in use for some time, Smell is a very well-developed sense in mammals
biophysical models are still a relatively new tool whereas birds have long been thought to lack such
in the study of the ecology of marine zoo- and keen olfactory abilities.
ichthyo-plankton. 5. Poor people prefer to have collective action. Rich
6. Although it has negative effects on long-term people, on the other hand, prefer individual action.
earnings, a bad economy appears to have a 6. For urban renewal projects, the municipal
positive effect on job security. government assumes the risks in contrast to the
7. Even though there have been improvements in private sector, which enjoys the profits.
dental care in the last three decades, millions of For urban renewal projects, in contrast to the
people still suffer from tooth loss. municipal government, which assumes the risks,
8. Despite being commonly regarded as nomads, the private sector enjoys the profits.
they have in fact settled in European countries for 7. The number of urban migrants born outside
hundreds of years. Maharashtra State has doubled within the decade;
9. Even though advances have been made in rural areas, however, have hardly attracted
agriculture in recent decades, many people around migrants from outside the State.
the world still go hungry. 8. Whereas an omnivorous eating pattern entails
10. In spite of causing no symptoms, high blood eating both plant and animal foods, vegetarians
pressure boosts the risks of leading killers such as consume plant foods.
heart attack and stroke. An omnivorous eating pattern entails eating both
plant and animal foods whereas vegetarians
consume plant foods.
B.
9. While the majority of adult US citizens are currently
1. Although
consuming vitamins, herbal drugs, and other
2. even though dietary supplements, people in less developed
3. Despite countries have limited access to such components.
4. in spite of The majority of adult US citizens are currently
5. Although consuming vitamins, herbal drugs, and other
6. Despite dietary supplements while people in less developed
7. though countries have limited access to such components.
8. Despite 10. Mammals tend to chew their food, but ostriches
cannot because they have no teeth.
9. in spite of
10. though
B.
11. In spite of the fact that
1. Whereas
12. Despite
2. Unlike
13. despite the fact that
3. on the other hand
14. In spite of
4. while
15. Even though
5. In contrast to
6. in contrast
7. Contrary to
8. on the contrary
28
9. While EXERCISE 10
10. Contrary to 1. In addition to 6. Besides
11. Unlike 2. furthermore 7. in addition
12. on the other hand 3. besides 8. Besides
13. while 4. what’s more 9. What’s more
14. Unlike 5. Apart from 10. Apart from
15. On the contrary
EXERCISE 11
EXERCISE 9 1. C 7. A 13. E 19. A
A. 2. A 8. E 14. D 20. B
1. Household income in Malaysia has been increasing 3. E 9. B 15. A 21. D
since 1970; nevertheless, income disparity has 4. B 10. C 16. B 22. A
remained unchanged from 1990 onwards. 5. D 11. C 17. E 23. C
2. Traditional 2D methods have many disadvantages; 6. D 12. B 18. C 24. E
however, most small manufacturers still use them
to make products.
EXERCISE 12
3. Although they are a common part of everyday life,
these products more often go unrecognized. 1. While investigating the matter, the police
4. Even though chronic overdose is most common in questioned the schoolmates and friends of the
elderly individuals during very hot weather, it can victim.
happen to anyone who finds themselves relying on Investigating the matter, the police questioned the
medications. schoolmates and friends of the victim.
5. Although mutations can potentially alter the gene 2. After having completed an exhaustive study, the
pool significantly, the majority are thought to have staff knew how to adopt the technology to the
little or no effect. needs of the company.
Having completed an exhaustive study, the staff
6. Invasive melanoma accounts for less than one
knew how to adopt the technology to the needs of
percent of skin cancer cases; even so, it causes
the company.
the majority of skin cancer deaths.
3. After having been found guilty of murdering a
7. The education of detainees and their families have
female passenger, a driver in Delhi was sentenced
great significance, but little attention has been
to life in prison.
devoted to it.
Having been found guilty of murdering a female
8. Despite lessening in intensity and in extent after passenger, a driver in Delhi was sentenced to life
childhood, curiosity may improve in quality. in prison.
9. Even though headaches themselves are very 4. Before starting a journey, you should ensure all
common, headaches that occur exclusively behind snow is cleared from your windscreen, windows,
the ear are fairly unusual. roof, lights, mirrors and number plate.
10. There have been many efforts to protect and 5. Before being appointed as head of the Department
conserve nature around the world, yet human of Interior and Local Government, Mr Brown served
activities are increasingly leading to the destruction as long-time mayor of Naga City.
of habitats and the loss of species.
6. When conducting in-depth interviews, you should
make appointments in advance.
B. Conducting in-depth interviews, you should make
1. despite 9. No matter appointments in advance.
2. Although 10. However 7. When asked who she was, the old woman told
3. yet 11. However them she was the president’s mother.
4. even so 12. though Asked who she was, the old woman told them she
5. though 13. Much as was the president’s mother.
6. However 14. nevertheless 8. African countries have faced a bunch of problems
7. Despite 15. yet since gaining independence.
8. Although 9. Believing that it will increase their strength, some
athletes use Chromium, which can be absorbed
easily.
10. Not having enough income, many poor families
cannot get their children educated in early
education centres.
29
11. Being deprived of food, the hostages starved to 12. Only if we can redesign our institutions, will we
death. be able to remove poverty from the surface of the
12. Having lost the battle, Germany was divided into Earth.
four temporary occupation zones. 13. So breath-taking was the scenery that it was easy
13. Having been misinformed about the storm’s to be caught up in the beauty.
category level, many residents of the town were 14. Only once have I been to Romania and I found it
unprepared for the hurricane. very pleasant to be there.
14. If properly used, new technological devices can be 15. No sooner had the couple arrived at the church
very beneficial to students. than the priest started the ceremony.
15. Unless taken under control at once, the pandemic 16. Should you suspect that you are suffering from
will continue to kill thousands of people worldwide. food poisoning, it is very important that you get to
16. She opened her mouth as if wanting to say the doctor as soon as possible.
something, but never did. 17. Had I been informed about the content of the article
17. Although commonly used by consumers for a in advance, I would have pointed out some very
therapeutic effect, supplements are not described important facts.
as medicinal drugs or foods. 18. Hardly ever do adults remember anything that
18. Whether produced in free range or more intensive happened to them in their early years.
systems, red meat is extremely detrimental to 19. Not a single word did she utter about what
animals, human health and the environment. happened at the cocktail party last night.
19. Though initially built as a wooden fortification, 20. Only when I spoke to the principal, did I understand
Llantrisant Castle was rebuilt as a stone structure how grave the problem was.
around 1246.
20. Although much less expensive than a retail CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 1
laptop, the XO is more robust and features a new 1. D 6. B 11. D 16. C 21. C
operating system. 2. E 7. C 12. B 17. E 22. E
3. B 8. E 13. A 18. E 23. C
EXERCISE 13
4. E 9. B 14. D 19. B 24. E
1. My parents have never been good with money, 5. C 10. A 15. D 20. C
and neither have I.
2. Seldom can you share time with elephants
watching them behave naturally in their jungle CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 2
environment. 1. B 6. C 11. B 16. A 21. E
3. Hardly had Elvis launched his post-army career as 2. B 7. E 12. A 17. D 22. B
a movie star when the light in his eyes began to 3. E 8. B 13. B 18. A 23. A
dim. 4. C 9. E 14. A 19. E 24. C
4. Through the waves was the ship sailing, and 5. A 10. D 15. E 20. D
beyond us lay islands with imaginative names like
Fallen Jerusalem and Virgin Gorda.
5. Shakespeare focused on the discrepancy between CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 3
reality and imagination in his works, and so did 1. E 6. D 11. A 16. E 21. E
Cervantes. 2. C 7. D 12. D 17. A 22. E
6. Only after they were supplied with arms and 3. E 8. A 13. B 18. C 23. B
provided with skilled leaders, were they able to 4. E 9. A 14. A 19. D 24. B
invade the country. 5. E 10. B 15. A 20. C
7. Such shocking news was it that he refused to
believe what I was telling him.
CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 4
8. Never have I owned a mobile up till now, and nor 1. C 6. B 11. A 16. E 21. B
will I ever have one in the future as it is against my
2. E 7. E 12. D 17. A 22. B
principles.
3. E 8. A 13. A 18. D 23. D
9. Under no circumstances can such enemies be
permitted to acquire nuclear weapons. 4. D 9. A 14. D 19. E 24. B
10. Not until she was grown up could she find a way to 5. A 10. A 15. C 20. A
remember right from left.
11. Were I aware of how some food products were
made, I would not choose them for ethical, political
or health reasons.
30
UNIT 11 DETERMINERS & EXERCISE 6

1. all - all 6. all
QUANTIFIERS 2. whole 7. whole
3. whole 8. All
EXERCISE 1
4. All - all - all 9. all
1. a - the - ᴓ 5. whole 10. whole
2. ᴓ - the - a
3. a - the - ᴓ - ᴓ - the - the - the
EXERCISE 7
4. a - some - the
1. ᴓ 6. ᴓ / of - of
5. the - the - some
2. ᴓ /of 7. ᴓ
6. ᴓ - the - the
3. ᴓ - of 8. ᴓ /of - ᴓ
7. ᴓ- a - the - ᴓ
4. of - ᴓ 9. of
8. ᴓ - the - the - ᴓ
5. of 10. ᴓ / of
9. ᴓ - the - the
10. ᴓ - an - the - ᴓ
EXERCISE 8
11. a - the - some - the - ᴓ - the
1. either 9. both
12. The - an - ᴓ- ᴓ
2. both 10. both - neither
13. The - the - the - the - the
3. Both - neither 11. all
14. a - ᴓ - some - the - the
4. All - none 12. all
15. ᴓ- ᴓ- some - the
5. both 13. none
16. ᴓ- ᴓ- the - the - the
6. neither 14. either
7. all - none 15. neither
EXERCISE 2 8. both - either 16. both
1. much 6. many
2. many 7. much
3. many 8. much EXERCISE 9
4. much 9. many 1. Every 6. every
5. much 10. much 2. each 7. Every
3. every 8. each
4. every 9. every
EXERCISE 3
1. ᴓ - of 6. ᴓ 5. each 10. Each
2. of 7. ᴓ
3. ᴓ 8. of EXERCISE 10
4. of 9. ᴓ 1. is 11. is
5. of 10. ᴓ- ᴓ 2. is 12. leads
3. has 13. contains
4. have - has 14. causes - is - result
EXERCISE 4
1. few 7. a little 5. have - show - is 15. is - share
2. a few 8. few 6. are 16. believes - makes
3. little 9. a little 7. was 17. was - was
4. a little 10. few 8. are - is 18. is - contributes
5. a few 11. little - few 9. have - are - are 19. is
6. little 12. a few 10. is 20. has - has
EXERCISE 5
1. of - ᴓ 6. ᴓ
2. of 7. ᴓ
3. of 8. of
4. of 9. of
5. ᴓ / of / of 10. ᴓ
31
DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 1 EXERCISE 4

1. B 6. C 11. B 16. C 21. C 1. in 6. by - along
2. D 7. D 12. B 17. E 22. B 2. at 7. on - through
3. E 8. E 13. E 18. D 23. D 3. on - on - into 8. At - below
4. A 9. B 14. B 19. A 24. E 4. on - at 9. out of - up
5. C 10. C 15. E 20. E 5. from - to 10. over - on
DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 2 EXERCISE 5

1. A 6. C 11. D 16. C 21. B A.
2. D 7. B 12. A 17. E 22. D 1. for 5. off
3. C 8. A 13. D 18. E 23. B 2. in 6. from
4. C 9. B 14. C 19. A 24. C 3. at 7. by
5. E 10. D 15. E 20. A 4. against 8. around
B.
DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 3 1. off the coast 5. at a high speed
1. B 6. B 11. B 16. E 21. A
2. against the law 6. around the Earth
2. B 7. E 12. D 17. D 22. D
3. for the benefit of 7. by accident
3. D 8. D 13. A 18. D 23. E
4. in abundance 8. from all walks of life
4. D 9. A 14. B 19. E 24. C
5. C 10. B 15. C 20. D
EXERCISE 6
A.
DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 4 1. without 5. for
1. D 6. A 11. A 16. B 21. C 2. out of 6. in
2. E 7. C 12. E 17. D 22. C 3. at 7. by
3. C 8. B 13. E 18. E 23. A 4. on 8. under
4. E 9. D 14. C 19. D 24. C
5. B 10. D 15. C 20. B B.
1. under arrest 5. without a break
2. for the good of 6. in relation to
3. At a distance 7. out of breath
4. by comparison 8. on a regular basis
UNIT 12 PREPOSITIONS
1. on - in 6. in - on A.
2. on - in 7. in 1. on 5. out of
3. at 8. on 2. without 6. in
4. in - at 9. at 3. on 7. in
5. on - at 10. In 4. with 8. under
B.
EXERCISE 2
1. with ease 5. out of date
1. During 4. during
2. under construction 6. in reality
2. while 5. while
3. on foot 7. without exception
3. while
4. in harmony with 8. on display
EXERCISE 3
EXERCISE 8
1. until 6. From
2. by 7. before A.
1. in 5. by
3. since 8. during
2. at 6. out of
4. before 9. While
3. on 7. for
5. between 10. throughout
4. under 8. without
32
B. B.
1. by means of 5. for the sake of 1. on the outskirts 5. without permission
2. at a glance 6. on average 2. in progress 6. by no means
3. without success 7. in jeopardy 3. on the point of 7. under siege
4. under attack 8. out of reach 4. under repair 8. in danger of
A. A.
1. at 5. without 1. in 5. at
2. without 6. in 2. at 6. on
3. on 7. with 3. on 7. in
4. in 8. under 4. under 8. with
B. B.
1. on purpose 5. without delay 1. in the course of 5. at odds with
2. at a fraction of 6. in the aftermath 2. with scepticism 6. on the brink of
3. under scrutiny 7. at issue 3. in decline 7. at the expense of
4. with the exception of 8. in need of 4. under the influence of 8. on the increase
A. A.
1. out of 5. on 1. in 5. in
2. by 6. under 2. under 6. in
3. with 7. at 3. with 7. on
4. without 8. in 4. at 8. under
B. B.
1. under surveillance 5. on strike 1. with suspicion 5. at the height of
2. in pain 6. out of the question 2. under investigation 6. in ruins
3. by force 7. at the peak of 3. on business 7. in reply to
4. without complaint 8. with great enthusiasm 4. under pressure 8. in the long run
A. A.
1. on 5. by 1. on 5. in
2. in 6. in 2. under 6. by
3. with 7. by 3. in 7. without
4. under 8. with 4. at 8. at
B. B.
1. in isolation 5. by mistake 1. in terms of 5. in the habit of
2. with the intention of 6. on the verge of 2. under treatment 6. on trial
3. by the process of 7. under threat 3. at a rate of 7. without a trace
4. in great demand 8. With the aid of 4. by nature 8. at a distance of
EXERCISE 12
A.
1. without 5. on
2. in 6. by
3. on 7. in
4. under 8. under
33
EXERCISE 16 PREPOSITIONS - TEST 3

1. D 31. D 61. E 91. A 121. B 1. B 6. E 11. C 16. A 21. C
2. A 32. B 62. A 92. B 122. A 2. D 7. B 12. C 17. D 22. A
3. E 33. C 63. B 93. C 123. D 3. E 8. C 13. E 18. E 23. D
4. C 34. A 64. D 94. D 124. E 4. B 9. D 14. E 19. D 24. A
5. B 35. E 65. C 95. E 125. C 5. C 10. E 15. C 20. B
6. B 36. B 66. D 96. D 126. C
7. A 37. D 67. B 97. C 127. E
PREPOSITIONS - TEST 4
8. E 38. A 68. A 98. E 128. B
1. D 6. A 11. D 16. C 21. D
9. D 39. C 69. C 99. B 129. A
2. C 7. D 12. E 17. E 22. C
10. C 40. E 70. E 100. A 130. D
3. D 8. B 13. E 18. C 23. D
11. B 41. C 71. C 101. D 131. E
4. C 9. D 14. A 19. B 24. E
12. A 42. B 72. E 102. A 132. C
5. A 10. C 15. A 20. C
13. E 43. D 73. B 103. B 133. A
14. C 44. A 74. A 104. C 134. B
15. D 45. E 75. D 105. E 135. D
16. D 46. A 76. B 106. C 136. A
17. A 47. D 77. D 107. D 137. E GRAMMAR REVISION TESTS
18. E 48. C 78. E 108. E 138. B
19. C 49. E 79. C 109. A 139. D GRAMMAR REVISION TEST 1
20. B 50. B 80. A 110. B 140. C 1. B 6. E 11. A 16. D 21. B
21. C 51. B 81. A 111. B 141. D 2. C 7. B 12. D 17. B 22. C
22. E 52. A 82. B 112. D 142. B 3. D 8. E 13. A 18. E 23. C
23. A 53. E 83. E 113. A 143. C 4. C 9. D 14. C 19. B 24. D
24. B 54. D 84. D 114. E 144. E 5. B 10. D 15. B 20. E
25. D 55. C 85. C 115. C 145. A
26. E 56. A 86. E 116. A 146. B GRAMMAR REVISION TEST 2
27. D 57. C 87. B 117. D 147. A 1. D 6. B 11. A 16. E 21. B
28. C 58. B 88. D 118. B 148. E 2. A 7. E 12. B 17. D 22. C
29. B 59. D 89. A 119. C 149. D 3. D 8. B 13. B 18. E 23. C
30. A 60. E 90. C 120. E 150. C 4. B 9. C 14. D 19. B 24. D
5. C 10. B 15. B 20. D
1. E 6. E 11. C 16. E 21. B
GRAMMAR REVISION TEST 3
2. C 7. A 12. D 17. E 22. A 1. A 6. D 11. B 16. D 21. D
3. A 8. E 13. E 18. D 23. B 2. B 7. C 12. D 17. E 22. A
4. E 9. A 14. C 19. A 24. D 3. D 8. E 13. D 18. B 23. D
5. B 10. D 15. C 20. E 4. B 9. B 14. D 19. E 24. A
5. C 10. B 15. C 20. C
1. C 6. E 11. B 16. D 21. D
GRAMMAR REVISION TEST 4
2. C 7. A 12. D 17. E 22. A 1. C 6. B 11. B 16. C 21. B
3. D 8. C 13. B 18. D 23. B 2. C 7. B 12. C 17. B 22. E
4. C 9. E 14. A 19. B 24. E 3. E 8. E 13. D 18. E 23. D
5. A 10. A 15. C 20. A 4. E 9. C 14. B 19. A 24. A
5. B 10. C 15. C 20. C
34
YDT 12 / 02 12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY
12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY

12-02 PRONOUNS - TEST 01 12-02 TENSES - TEST 04
1. A 6. D 11. A 16. C 1. C 6. E 11. C 16. C
2. E 7. D 12. B 17. A 2. A 7. B 12. E 17. A
3. C 8. C 13. D 18. E 3. D 8. E 13. A 18. D
4. A 9. E 14. E 19. C 4. E 9. A 14. D 19. B
5. C 10. C 15. D 20. D 5. B 10. E 15. B 20. D
12-02 PRONOUNS - TEST 02 12-02 MODALS - TEST 01

1. B 6. E 11. A 16. E 1. D 6. E 11. B 16. D
2. D 7. B 12. E 17. C 2. C 7. C 12. C 17. E
3. B 8. E 13. D 18. E 3. A 8. A 13. D 18. C
4. E 9. C 14. C 19. E 4. B 9. E 14. A 19. A
5. A 10. D 15. A 20. B 5. B 10. D 15. B 20. A

1. C 6. C 11. C 16. E 1. C 6. C 11. A 16. B
2. D 7. D 12. B 17. C 2. B 7. C 12. D 17. E
3. D 8. E 13. E 18. D 3. E 8. D 13. B 18. B
4. E 9. A 14. A 19. E 4. B 9. A 14. E 19. A
5. A 10. C 15. B 20. A 5. E 10. E 15. D 20. D

1. C 6. E 11. C 16. B 1. D 6. B 11. C 16. B
2. E 7. B 12. E 17. C 2. C 7. E 12. B 17. D
3. C 8. D 13. D 18. D 3. E 8. C 13. D 18. D
4. E 9. E 14. A 19. C 4. A 9. E 14. C 19. A
5. B 10. B 15. E 20. A 5. D 10. A 15. E 20. E
12-02 TENSES - TEST 01 12-02 MODALS - TEST 04

1. C 6. B 11. C 16. A 1. C 6. D 11. E 16. A
2. E 7. E 12. B 17. E 2. E 7. E 12. B 17. E
3. D 8. D 13. D 18. A 3. D 8. A 13. E 18. D
4. A 9. D 14. A 19. C 4. C 9. D 14. B 19. E
5. C 10. E 15. D 20. D 5. B 10. D 15. A 20. A
12-02 TENSES - TEST 02 12-02 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE - TEST 01

1. C 6. E 11. B 16. D 1. D 6. B 11. D 16. E
2. E 7. B 12. E 17. D 2. A 7. E 12. D 17. B
3. B 8. C 13. B 18. B 3. E 8. B 13. E 18. D
4. A 9. A 14. A 19. B 4. B 9. E 14. A 19. A
5. C 10. D 15. E 20. D 5. C 10. C 15. C 20. C
12-02 TENSES - TEST 03 12-02 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE - TEST 02

1. B 6. A 11. C 16. B 1. E 6. C 11. E 16. B
2. A 7. D 12. E 17. B 2. B 7. B 12. A 17. E
3. D 8. C 13. A 18. E 3. C 8. E 13. E 18. A
4. E 9. E 14. C 19. B 4. A 9. D 14. B 19. D
5. E 10. D 15. A 20. E 5. C 10. C 15. C 20. C
35
12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY YDT 12 / 02
12-02 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE - TEST 03 12-02 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES - TEST 02
1. B 6. E 11. A 16. D 1. E 6. B 11. C 16. E
2. B 7. A 12. C 17. C 2. C 7. E 12. A 17. D
3. A 8. D 13. B 18. E 3. D 8. A 13. B 18. B
4. D 9. A 14. E 19. D 4. B 9. D 14. D 19. A
5. E 10. C 15. A 20. B 5. E 10. D 15. C 20. E
12-02 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE - TEST 04 12-02 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES - TEST 03
1. C 6. A 11. C 16. D 1. E 6. E 11. A 16. D
2. C 7. C 12. A 17. C 2. C 7. B 12. C 17. E
3. A 8. B 13. B 18. B 3. A 8. A 13. C 18. B
4. E 9. A 14. B 19. A 4. D 9. D 14. E 19. C
5. D 10. E 15. E 20. C 5. D 10. E 15. A 20. A
12-02 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES - TEST 01 12-02 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES - TEST 04

1. B 6. E 11. E 16. A 1. D 6. D 11. C 16. A
2. D 7. C 12. D 17. B 2. A 7. D 12. D 17. E
3. E 8. D 13. B 18. B 3. C 8. E 13. A 18. C
4. C 9. C 14. E 19. D 4. E 9. B 14. D 19. B
5. A 10. A 15. C 20. E 5. A 10. E 15. C 20. E
12-02 NOUN CLAUSES & REPORTED SPEECH -

12-02 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES - TEST 02 TEST 01
1. E 6. A 11. B 16. C 1. C 6. C 11. B 16. D
2. D 7. B 12. D 17. E 2. D 7. B 12. D 17. E
3. D 8. C 13. E 18. B 3. E 8. A 13. C 18. D
4. E 9. D 14. B 19. A 4. A 9. D 14. D 19. D
5. D 10. B 15. A 20. E 5. B 10. E 15. A 20. E

1. B 6. C 11. E 16. D 1. E 6. C 11. B 16. C
2. E 7. C 12. E 17. E 2. C 7. B 12. E 17. E
3. A 8. D 13. A 18. A 3. D 8. E 13. C 18. C
4. B 9. E 14. A 19. B 4. B 9. A 14. B 19. B
5. A 10. C 15. D 20. D 5. A 10. D 15. D 20. A

1. E 6. D 11. C 16. B 1. E 6. C 11. A 16. C
2. D 7. E 12. A 17. C 2. D 7. A 12. B 17. E
3. C 8. A 13. B 18. E 3. A 8. D 13. E 18. D
4. A 9. E 14. D 19. B 4. E 9. C 14. E 19. A
5. D 10. D 15. E 20. D 5. B 10. D 15. B 20. E

12-02 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES - TEST 01 TEST 04
1. D 6. A 11. D 16. D 1. C 6. D 11. E 16. D
2. C 7. C 12. B 17. E 2. E 7. C 12. A 17. B
3. A 8. D 13. D 18. A 3. E 8. C 13. B 18. E
4. E 9. E 14. A 19. B 4. B 9. E 14. D 19. B
5. B 10. C 15. E 20. D 5. A 10. B 15. A 20. A
36
YDT 12 / 02 12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY
12-02 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 01 CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 01

1. C 6. E 11. B 16. A 1. C 6. A 11. B 16. D
2. B 7. C 12. B 17. D 2. E 7. E 12. B 17. B
3. E 8. A 13. D 18. A 3. D 8. E 13. C 18. E
4. A 9. E 14. B 19. E 4. E 9. D 14. B 19. D
5. D 10. D 15. E 20. B 5. A 10. A 15. E 20. C

1. C 6. B 11. C 16. E 1. C 6. B 11. A 16. A
2. E 7. A 12. A 17. B 2. C 7. C 12. E 17. B
3. C 8. B 13. E 18. C 3. B 8. E 13. A 18. E
4. E 9. E 14. D 19. D 4. E 9. D 14. E 19. C
5. D 10. D 15. C 20. A 5. B 10. C 15. D 20. E

1. A 6. D 11. B 16. D 1. E 6. D 11. A 16. B
2. D 7. C 12. A 17. D 2. C 7. B 12. A 17. A
3. E 8. E 13. C 18. B 3. A 8. C 13. D 18. E
4. E 9. A 14. E 19. D 4. E 9. B 14. C 19. B
5. B 10. D 15. C 20. D 5. E 10. B 15. E 20. C

1. C 6. B 11. C 16. E 1. B 6. A 11. B 16. A
2. E 7. A 12. A 17. A 2. D 7. E 12. E 17. E
3. D 8. E 13. D 18. D 3. A 8. C 13. B 18. B
4. A 9. D 14. B 19. D 4. D 9. A 14. A 19. D
5. D 10. E 15. A 20. E 5. B 10. D 15. E 20. C
ADJECTIVE (RELATIVE) CLAUSES - TEST 01 DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 01

1. C 6. A 11. A 16. A 1. E 6. D 11. B 16. D
2. D 7. C 12. E 17. D 2. B 7. A 12. B 17. B
3. E 8. E 13. D 18. A 3. D 8. C 13. E 18. D
4. C 9. D 14. E 19. B 4. A 9. E 14. A 19. C
5. C 10. B 15. B 20. E 5. E 10. B 15. C 20. A

1. D 6. E 11. E 16. E 1. C 6. D 11. E 16. D
2. E 7. D 12. C 17. C 2. A 7. E 12. B 17. C
3. C 8. B 13. D 18. D 3. E 8. C 13. D 18. B
4. A 9. D 14. B 19. E 4. D 9. A 14. E 19. D
5. B 10. A 15. A 20. D 5. B 10. C 15. A 20. A

1. E 6. D 11. B 16. B 1. E 6. E 11. A 16. A
2. B 7. E 12. C 17. E 2. A 7. B 12. C 17. C
3. C 8. E 13. C 18. A 3. C 8. D 13. B 18. E
4. A 9. D 14. E 19. D 4. B 9. C 14. A 19. B
5. C 10. A 15. A 20. C 5. A 10. E 15. B 20. D

1. B 6. D 11. E 16. E 1. D 6. E 11. C 16. B
2. E 7. C 12. B 17. B 2. C 7. B 12. B 17. E
3. E 8. A 13. D 18. A 3. A 8. D 13. E 18. A
4. C 9. D 14. D 19. C 4. E 9. E 14. C 19. C
5. E 10. A 15. C 20. B 5. D 10. A 15. A 20. D
37
12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY YDT 12 / 02
PREPOSITIONS - TEST 01 12-02 GRAMMAR REVISION - TEST 01

1. A 6. A 11. A 16. A 1. D 6. C 11. C 16. B
2. B 7. A 12. B 17. C 2. D 7. D 12. B 17. E
3. D 8. D 13. E 18. C 3. E 8. E 13. E 18. C
4. C 9. B 14. C 19. D 4. A 9. B 14. A 19. A
5. C 10. D 15. B 20. C 5. C 10. E 15. D 20. C

1. D 6. E 11. C 16. D 1. D 6. E 11. D 16. E
2. A 7. D 12. D 17. A 2. E 7. A 12. D 17. A
3. E 8. B 13. E 18. B 3. C 8. D 13. A 18. A
4. B 9. A 14. A 19. C 4. B 9. A 14. B 19. D
5. C 10. B 15. C 20. E 5. B 10. C 15. D 20. C

1. C 6. D 11. C 16. C 1. D 6. B 11. A 16. B
2. E 7. C 12. B 17. B 2. E 7. B 12. E 17. D
3. D 8. D 13. E 18. A 3. A 8. E 13. B 18. A
4. C 9. A 14. D 19. B 4. C 9. C 14. D 19. E
5. A 10. D 15. E 20. D 5. E 10. E 15. B 20. D

1. D 6. C 11. D 16. A 1. C 6. D 11. A 16. B
2. E 7. E 12. D 17. D 2. A 7. A 12. C 17. B
3. C 8. D 13. E 18. A 3. A 8. E 13. B 18. D
4. E 9. B 14. C 19. B 4. D 9. C 14. E 19. C
5. B 10. A 15. B 20. D 5. E 10. D 15. A 20. C
38
YDT 12 / 04 - 1 12-04 VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1 - KEY
12-04 VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1 - KEY

9. d
Part 1 PART B
10. h 1. embed
UNIT 1 PART E
2. enormously
3. consensus
PART A 1. accurately 4. deliberately
1. g 2. commentary 5. descendants
2. d 3. bearable 6. comprehend
3. j 4. circulation 7. consumption
4. a 5. actively 8. dominant
5. e 6. complement 9. emissions
6. i 7. admission 10. credibility
7. b 8. behavioural 11. constrained
8. f 9. civilization 12. epidemic
9. c 10. adaptation 13. confined
10. h 14. confounded
PART F
PART B 1. adjacent PART C
1. bilingual 2. acquired 1. i
2. bleed 3. adequate 2. e
3. accumulate 4. coherent 3. j
4. clients 5. cognitive 4. h
5. chunk 6. bargain 5. g
6. clues 7. bizarre 6. b
7. acute 8. climax 7. f
8. adolescent 9. comparable 8. d
9. compensate 10. competent 9. c
10. candidate 10. a
PART G
PART C 1. into
1. i 2. to PART D
2. e 3. under 1. e
3. h 4. out of 2. i
4. a 5. by 3. a
5. b 4. g
6. c ____________________________ 5. c
7. j 6. j
8. d
UNIT 2 7. b
9. f PART A 8. d
10. g 9. h
1. e
10. f
2. g
PART D 3. c
1. j 4. b PART E
2. f 5. h 1. Corruption
3. e 6. f 2. controversial
4. i 7. j 3. deficiency
5. b 8. a 4. discrimination
6. c 9. i 5. enforcement
7. a 10. d 6. conceivable
8. g
39
12-04 VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1 - KEY YDT 12 / 04 - 1
4. a
PART F UNIT 4
1. exponential / enormous 5. e
2. contradictory 6. g PART A
3. comply 7. i 1. g
4. evident 8. d 2. d
5. exploit 9. b 3. a
6. deceive 4. j
7. empirical PART D 5. c
8. decay 1. l 6. h
9. conserve 2. h 7. e
10. elevate 3. k 8. i
4. e 9. b
PART G 5. d 10. f
1. with 6. j
2. against 7. i PART B
3. of 8. b 1. legitimate
4. into 9. g 2. ludicrous
5. between 10. f 3. mandatory
11. c 4. mediate
____________________________ 12. a 5. migration
6. mortality
UNIT 3 PART E 7. motive
PART A 1. intervention 8. mutual
2. humiliating 9. myriad
1. g
3. inclination 10. nocturnal
2. d
4. indifferent 11. multiplied
3. j
5. inhibitions 12. nuisance
4. a
6. infection 13. kidnapped
5. c
7. inferences 14. magnitude
6. h
7. b 8. interference
8. e 9. stability PART C
9. i 10. relevance 1. g
10. f 2. b
PART F 3. i
PART B 1. harvest 4. a
2. intensive 5. d
1. grotesque
3. firmly 6. c
2. genocide
4. influential 7. h
3. inferior
5. irrelevant 8. f
4. indigenous
6. fiscal 9. e
5. facilitates
6. interaction 7. implicit
7. impulsive 8. innate PART D
8. fatigue 9. Irrigation 1. g
9. hedging 10. fertile 2. a
10. immune 3. e
PART G 4. i
PART C 1. from 5. c
2. towards / to 6. h
1. c
3. in 7. b
2. f
4. with / to 8. f
3. h
5. on 9. d
40
PART E 6. preceded 8. phenomenal

1. justification 7. precipitation 9. obvious
2. maintenance 8. prejudice 10. profound
3. logically 9. prey
4. mutate 10. projections PART G
5. notoriously 11. par 1. with
6. modify 2. from
7. monopolized PART C 3. into
8. numerous 1. i 4. from
2. f 5. against
PART F 3. j
1. notable 4. a ____________________________
2. novice 5. h
3. nourished 6. e
UNIT 6
4. neglect 7. b PART A
5. massive 8. g
1. f
6. mundane 9. d
2. a
7. namely 10. c
3. j
8. mock 4. d
9. muse PART D 5. h
10. nomadic 1. g 6. b
2. a 7. i
PART G 3. e 8. e
1. with 4. i 9. c
2. for 5. c 10. g
3. in 6. f
4. by 7. d PART B
5. into 8. j
1. recession
9. h
2. stereotypes
____________________________ 10. b
3. randomly
4. sensible
UNIT 5 PART E 5. revolutionary
PART A 1. observation 6. redundant
1. g 2. overlapping 7. simplify
2. d 3. presumably 8. render
3. j 4. progressively 9. reliability
4. a 5. phenomenally 10. simultaneously
5. h 6. occurrence 11. stimulus
6. b 7. orientations
7. f 8. optimally PART C
8. c 9. prevalence
1. g
9. i 10. propositions
2. c
10. e 3. i
PART F 4. e
PART B 1. predictable 5. a
1. objection 2. plausible 6. b
2. occupation 3. partially 7. j
3. obtained 4. preliminary 8. d
4. onset 5. outbreak 9. f
5. oscillation 6. penetrate 10. h
7. predators
41
PART D 7. b PART F
1. f 8. g 1. tutor
2. a 9. f 2. sublime
3. j 10. d 3. suicide
4. h 4. threads
5. c
PART B 5. traits
6. b 1. substitution 6. tedious
7. g 2. surmount 7. unstable
8. e 3. tendency 8. underestimated
9. d 4. threatens 9. Ultimately
10. i 5. threshold
6. treatment
PART G
PART E 7. transplant
1. into
1. recklessly 8. undermine
2. for
2. reconstruction 9. utterance
3. as
3. Regarding 10. utilized
4. to / towards
4. relieved 5. with
5. replacement
PART C
6. reproduction 1. e ____________________________
7. respiratory 2. c
8. simulations 3. h UNIT 8
9. unstable 4. a
PART A
5. f
1. d
PART F 6. j
2. a
1. recalled 7. b
3. h
2. spontaneous 8. g
4. b
3. sophisticated 9. d
5. f
4. reasonable 10. i
6. c
5. shallow
PART D 7. j
6. rituals
1. c 8. e
7. secreted
2. h 9. g
8. rotate
3. e 10. i
9. query
10. rendered 4. j
5. a PART B
PART G 6. f 1. vandalism
1. from 7. b 2. variance
2. to 8. i 3. vaunted
3. in 9. g 4. velocity
4. around 10. d 5. verbal
5. up 6. verdict
PART E 7. vicinity
____________________________ 1. sufficiently 8. whereby
2. superficially 9. yeast
UNIT 7 3. traditionally 10. watershed
PART A 4. tricky
1. e 5. susceptibility PART C
2. a 6. tensions 1. c
3. j 7. tempting 2. h
4. h 8. unintelligible 3. a
5. c 9. subjectivity 4. d
6. i 10. subsequently 5. f
42
6. j
Part 1 - Test Part 2
7. b
8. i 1. E 44. B 87. E
9. e
UNIT 1
2. B 45. C 88. D
10. g 3. A 46. A 89. C PART A
4. C 47. B 90. E 1. h
PART D 5. D 48. D 91. C 2. a
1. f 6. B 49. E 92. A 3. d
2. d 7. C 50. A 93. B 4. b
3. j 8. E 51. B 94. D 5. g
4. c 9. A 52. D 95. E 6. e
5. h 10. C 53. E 96. A 7. j
6. i 11. B 54. A 97. C 8. i
7. b 12. A 55. B 98. D 9. f
8. g 13. B 56. E 99. B 10. c
9. a 14. E 57. C 100. A
10. e 15. D 58. B 101. D PART B
16. A 59. A 102. B
1. addictive
PART E 17. C 60. C 103. C
2. adopts
1. vacancies 18. E 61. E 104. A
3. adjourned
2. validity 19. C 62. D 105. E
4. affectionate
3. vegetation 20. D 63. E 106. B
5. basis
4. violation 21. E 64. A 107. A
6. component
5. invulnerable 22. B 65. E 108. E
7. commute
6. unwilling 23. D 66. B 109. C
8. clumsy
7. zealously 24. A 67. D 110. D
9. colloquial
8. vagueness 25. E 68. A 111. C
10. beware
9. verbally 26. D 69. E 112. E
10. witty 27. A 70. C 113. A
PART C
28. E 71. D 114. E
1. f
PART F 29. C 72. A 115. D
2. b
30. D 73. E 116. B
1. violated 3. i
31. A 74. C 117. C
2. vanished 4. d
32. E 75. B 118. A
3. valuable 5. a
33. B 76. D 119. D
4. vague 6. g
34. C 77. B 120. E
5. vital 7. c
35. A 78. A 121. C
6. vows 8. e
36. C 79. E 122. B
7. wisdom 9. h
37. D 80. C 123. A
8. virtually 10. j
38. E 81. D 124. D
9. vengeance
39. B 82. A 125. E
10. worthwhile PART D
40. A 83. A 126. B
41. C 84. D 127. A 1. j
PART G 2. h
42. E 85. A 128. C
1. for 43. D 86. D 129. D 3. e
2. on 130. E 4. a
3. in 5. b
4. to 6. g
5. on 7. i
8. c
9. f
10. d
43
PART E 4. denied 7. especially

1. acceptable 5. deserved 8. estimated
2. adorable 6. determination 9. exist
3. bewildering 7. dispute 10. exceptions
4. collision 8. dominate
5. Admittedly 9. efficiency PART G
6. assumptions 10. exclude 1. at
7. coincidental 2. to
8. annually PART C 3. over
9. addiction 1. j 4. about
10. inappropriate 2. e 5. on
3. c
PART F 4. d ____________________________
1. admit 5. b
2. advent 6. g
UNIT 3
3. advocate 7. f PART A
4. approach 8. a
1. b
5. beware 9. h
2. j
6. collapse 10. i
3. f
7. commitment 4. h
8. brilliant PART D 5. a
9. appropriate 1. i 6. c
10. affluent 2. d 7. g
3. a 8. e
PART G 4. g 9. i
1. between 5. b 10. d
2. in 6. j
3. of 7. c PART B
4. to 8. h
1. gradually
5. for 9. f
2. hardly
10. e
3. headquarters
____________________________
4. highly
PART E
UNIT 2 5. implication
1. convenience 6. imprisoned
PART A 2. contribution 7. incident
1. d 3. unconventional 8. initiative
2. b 4. conversion 9. insurance
3. j 5. denial 10. intention
4. f 6. independent
5. a 7. dominant PART C
6. e 8. exceptional
1. g
7. h 9. extensively
2. e
8. c 10. expensive
3. j
9. i 4. i
10. g PART F 5. a
1. constitutes 6. f
PART B 2. demand 7. b
1. contribute 3. disabled 8. c
2. conviction 4. effectively 9. h
3. decline 5. employing 10. d
6. ensures
44
PART D 4. a 7. numbness
1. i 5. e 8. obscurity
2. f 6. h 9. occupied
3. b 7. d 10. offensive
4. a 8. i
5. j 9. g PART F
6. g 10. c 1. lingered
7. d 2. massacred
8. e PART B 3. mean
9. c 1. misery 4. misfit
10. h 2. masterpiece 5. needless
3. oblivion 6. offend
PART E 4. metaphor 7. omit
1. insistent 5. nourishment 8. opposition
2. innovative 6. ordeal 9. ordeal
3. formerly 7. last 10. litter
4. inevitably 8. lag
5. interpretations 9. outlooks PART G
6. investment 10. malnutrition 1. in
7. frantically 2. with
8. internally PART C 3. by
9. infinity 1. j 4. behind
10. unfamiliar 2. f / b 5. under
3. a
PART F 4. h ____________________________
1. fairly 5. d
2. glance 6. g
UNIT 5
3. giants 7. c PART A
4. gigantic 8. b / f
1. e
5. internal 9. e
2. j
6. fellow 10. i
3. a
7. initial 4. h
8. fidelity PART D 5. c
9. famine 1. i 6. g
10. generate 2. f 7. b
3. b 8. d
PART G 4. j 9. i
1. with 5. a 10. f
2. for 6. d
3. of 7. g PART B
4. At 8. c
1. paraphrase
5. in 9. h
2. patterns
10. e
3. perform
____________________________ 4. perished
PART E 5. pervasive
UNIT 4 1. omissions 6. poverty
PART A 2. liberal 7. praise
1. b 3. manifestation 8. procrastinate
2. f 4. metaphorically 9. prone
3. j 5. molester 10. prosperity
6. miserable
45
PART C 3. in 8. f
1. h 4. from 9. b
2. j 5. out 10. e
3. a
4. c ____________________________ PART E
5. b 1. rarely
6. g
UNIT 6
2. recollection
7. d PART A 3. regretful
8. i 1. b 4. irrelevance
9. e 2. g 5. reliable
10. f 3. e 6. reminder
4. a 7. representatives
PART D 5. j 8. requirements
1. d 6. f 9. rivalry
2. g 7. i 10. scarcity
3. j 8. c
4. a 9. d PART F
5. c 10. h 1. reckoned
6. i 2. reflects
7. e PART B 3. seemingly
8. h 1. quadrupled 4. require
9. f 2. rarity 5. robust
10. b 3. reconcile 6. ransom
4. relevance 7. remnants
PART E 5. reminded 8. scrutinized
1. paralysis 6. representing 9. remorse
2. persistence 7. retained 10. self-reliance
3. prioritize 8. rigorous
4. plagiarised 9. satisfy PART G
5. prosperous 10. sequel 1. from
6. pathetically 2. on
7. punctually PART C 3. about / of
8. perseverance 1. e 4. for
9. imprudent 2. i 5. about / of
10. impurities 3. a
4. j ____________________________
PART F 5. c
1. parroting 6. g
UNIT 7
2. peers 7. h PART A
3. phase 8. b 1. c
4. ponder 9. f 2. h
5. panacea 10. d 3. a
6. persecuted 4. j
7. philanthropist PART D 5. e
8. paradox 1. g 6. f
9. prolific 2. j 7. b
10. plethora 3. a 8. i
4. i 9. g
PART G 5. c 10. d
1. to 6. h
2. on 7. d
46
PART B PART F 4. a
1. settled 1. sparse 5. g
2. shortage 2. seeking 6. b
3. spread 3. survive 7. i
4. starve 4. transformed 8. c
5. siege 5. tolerant 9. f
6. submitted 6. torture 10. d
7. unearthed 7. successive
8. trust 8. secluded PART D
9. trained 9. stared 1. h
10. tend 10. terms 2. d
3. j
PART C PART G 4. a
1. f 1. on 5. e
2. b 2. of / about 6. g
3. j 3. under 7. c
4. h 4. to 8. b
5. d 5. into 9. i
6. a 10. f
7. i ____________________________
8. g PART E
9. c
UNIT 8 1. victorious
10. e PART A 2. wanderer
1. d 3. wholly
PART D 2. h 4. invisible
1. c 3. j 5. variety
2. f 4. a 6. weirdness
3. j 5. f 7. withdrawal
4. a 6. c 8. unzipped
5. h 7. e 9. voters
6. g 8. b 10. vividly
7. e 9. i
8. i 10. g PART F
9. d 1. various
10. b PART B 2. verify
1. witnesses 3. votes
2. waves 4. voucher
PART E 3. wells 5. vulgar
1. sharply 4. vaporized 6. wary
2. insignificant 5. warranty 7. whistled
3. sober 6. wicked 8. wonder
4. sparsely 7. Volunteers 9. yard
5. starvation 8. yield 10. zephyrs
6. unsteadily 9. wander
7. submissions 10. worship PART G
8. survivor 1. of
9. tolerance PART C 2. against
10. willingly 3. in
1. j
2. e 4. from
3. h 5. at
47
PART 2 - Test
1. D 45. C 89. A
2. A 46. B 90. C
3. C 47. D 91. B
4. B 48. E 92. D
5. A 49. C 93. E
6. C 50. D 94. C
7. A 51. A 95. A
8. B 52. B 96. B
9. C 53. E 97. E
10. E 54. C 98. B
11. B 55. D 99. A
12. D 56. A 100. D
13. E 57. E 101. A
14. A 58. B 102. B
15. B 59. D 103. E
16. D 60. E 104. C
17. B 61. C 105. D
18. C 62. D 106. A
19. E 63. A 107. D
20. B 64. B 108. B
21. D 65. D 109. E
22. C 66. E 110. C
23. D 67. C 111. D
24. E 68. B 112. A
25. A 69. A 113. D
26. C 70. D 114. B
27. A 71. C 115. A
28. E 72. A 116. E
29. D 73. E 117. C
30. A 74. D 118. E
31. B 75. B 119. A
32. A 76. A 120. C
33. E 77. E 121. A
34. D 78. C 122. B
35. C 79. B 123. D
36. B 80. C 124. D
37. A 81. D 125. C
38. D 82. A 126. B
39. E 83. E 127. A
40. B 84. C 128. B
41. A 85. D 129. C
42. E 86. E 130. D
43. A 87. B
44. E 88. E
48
YDT 12 / 10 12-10 PROGRESS BOOKLETS 1 / 2 - KEY
12-10 PROGRESS BOOKLETS 1 / 2 - KEY

12-10 PROGRESS TEST 1 - GRAMMAR 12-10 PROGRESS TEST 1 - RESTATEMENT
1. D 21. C 41. A 61. B 1. D 7. A 13. A 19. A
2. C 22. E 42. E 62. E 2. E 8. C 14. E 20. C
3. E 23. B 43. B 63. A 3. B 9. D 15. D 21. B
4. A 24. D 44. D 64. E 4. E 10. E 16. C 22. A
5. B 25. C 45. C 65. D 5. E 11. C 17. A 23. E
6. C 26. A 46. E 66. B 6. A 12. B 18. E 24. C
7. D 27. B 47. C 67. A
8. A 28. E 48. B 68. C
9. E 29. A 49. D 69. E
10. C 30. D 50. A 70. D
11. D 31. B 51. C 71. A
12. E 32. D 52. B 72. E 12-10 PROGRESS TEST 1 - SITUATIONAL
13. A 33. B 53. D 73. C RESPONSE
14. D 34. E 54. E 74. B
1. E 5. D 9. A 13. C
15. C 35. A 55. A 75. E
2. A 6. E 10. E 14. D
16. B 36. D 56. C 76. D
3. E 7. B 11. A 15. E
17. E 37. E 57. D 77. A
4. B 8. C 12. B 16. C
18. A 38. D 58. B 78. E
19. E 39. C 59. E 79. C
20. B 40. E 60. C 80. B
12-10 PROGRESS TEST 1 - TRANSLATION

1. D 7. E 13. E 19. C
2. B 8. D 14. A 20. B
3. C 9. E 15. B 21. C
12-10 PROGRESS TEST 1 - SENTENCE 4. B 10. B 16. C 22. D
COMPLETION 5. A 11. C 17. E 23. E
6. A 12. D 18. A 24. A
1. E 13. B 25. B 37. C
2. C 14. D 26. E 38. B
3. B 15. C 27. A 39. D
4. C 16. A 28. D 40. A
5. D 17. E 29. E 41. D
6. A 18. C 30. B 42. C
7. E 19. D 31. C 43. B
12-10 PROGRESS TEST 2 - PARAGRAPH
8. C 20. A 32. E 44. B 1. B 6. A 11. C 16. D
9. E 21. B 33. A 45. D 2. A 7. C 12. A 17. A
10. A 22. E 34. B 46. E 3. E 8. D 13. B 18. E
11. D 23. B 35. D 47. E 4. B 9. B 14. C
12. D 24. C 36. E 48. C 5. E 10. E 15. E
49
12-10 PROGRESS BOOKLETS 1 / 2 - KEY YDT 12 / 10
12-10 PROGRESS TEST 2 - DIALOGUE 12-10 PROGRESS TEST 2 - CLOZE TEST

COMPLETION 1. C 19. D 37. A 55. B
1. C 6. B 11. D 16. E 2. A 20. B 38. C 56. E
2. C 7. B 12. B 17. D 3. D 21. B 39. E 57. E
3. B 8. A 13. C 18. E 4. E 22. E 40. D 58. A
4. A 9. E 14. B 19. B 5. C 23. A 41. D 59. B
5. A 10. D 15. A 20. C 6. C 24. D 42. C 60. D
7. A 25. C 43. A 61. D
8. D 26. D 44. B 62. A
9. E 27. B 45. E 63. E
10. A 28. A 46. E 64. C
12-10 PROGRESS TEST 2 - PARAGRAPH 11. B 29. C 47. B 65. B
COMPLETION 12. E 30. E 48. C 66. D
1. D 6. E 11. A 16. B 13. A 31. E 49. D 67. E
2. A 7. E 12. D 17. D 14. D 32. D 50. A 68. B
3. B 8. B 13. C 18. A 15. C 33. A 51. C 69. A
4. E 9. C 14. E 19. A 16. C 34. B 52. D 70. C
5. B 10. D 15. E 20. E 17. E 35. D 53. A
18. A 36. B 54. D
12-10 PROGRESS TEST 2 - FINDING THE

IRRELEVANT SENTENCE
1. C 9. B 17. E 25. E
2. D 10. D 18. A 26. B
3. B 11. D 19. D 27. C
4. B 12. A 20. B 28. C
5. E 13. B 21. C 29. D
6. C 14. C 22. B 30. E
7. A 15. C 23. D
8. C 16. E 24. C
50
YDT 12 / 11 12-11 PRACTICE EXAMS 1 / 2- KEY
12-11 PRACTICE EXAMS 1 / 2- KEY

12-11 PRACTICE EXAM 1 12-11 PRACTICE EXAM 2
1. B 21. D 41. D 61. E 1. D 21. B 41. D 61. E
2. D 22. B 42. C 62. A 2. B 22. E 42. E 62. A
3. A 23. A 43. C 63. A 3. E 23. C 43. A 63. B
4. A 24. E 44. E 64. E 4. A 24. D 44. C 64. E
5. C 25. C 45. C 65. C 5. C 25. A 45. A 65. A
6. E 26. E 46. B 66. B 6. A 26. D 46. A 66. C
7. B 27. B 47. D 67. A 7. C 27. C 47. A 67. A
8. E 28. A 48. B 68. B 8. B 28. E 48. D 68. C
9. D 29. A 49. C 69. E 9. E 29. B 49. D 69. E
10. C 30. D 50. E 70. D 10. D 30. C 50. B 70. B
11. E 31. C 51. A 71. E 11. E 31. C 51. E 71. E
12. A 32. E 52. D 72. C 12. A 32. E 52. E 72. E
13. E 33. B 53. B 73. E 13. D 33. A 53. A 73. D
14. A 34. E 54. B 74. A 14. C 34. C 54. D 74. A
15. E 35. D 55. A 75. B 15. B 35. A 55. E 75. C
16. D 36. A 56. E 76. A 16. C 36. E 56. C 76. C
17. C 37. B 57. C 77. E 17. A 37. B 57. A 77. B
18. A 38. A 58. B 78. A 18. E 38. D 58. A 78. D
19. E 39. D 59. A 79. B 19. D 39. B 59. B 79. E
20. B 40. E 60. C 80. C 20. B 40. C 60. C 80. C
51
12-12 MINI PRACTICE EXAM 1 - KEY YDT 12 / 12
12-12 MINI PRACTICE EXAM 1 - KEY

1. E 11. B 21. C 31. B
2. B 12. A 22. B 32. C
3. D 13. C 23. E 33. D
4. C 14. D 24. D 34. E
5. A 15. E 25. D 35. A
6. A 16. E 26. C 36. C
7. D 17. B 27. A 37. D
8. E 18. C 28. E 38. D
9. B 19. E 29. A 39. C
10. C 20. A 30. D 40. A
52
YDT 12 / 14 12-14 GRAMMAR TESTS 1 / 16 - KEY
12-14 GRAMMAR TESTS 1 / 16- KEY

12-14 GRAMMAR TEST 01 12-14 GRAMMAR TEST 07
1. A 6. D 11. E 16. D 1. C 6. E 11. C 16. C
2. B 7. A 12. B 17. E 2. A 7. B 12. A 17. B
3. C 8. D 13. A 18. B 3. D 8. D 13. D 18. D
4. A 9. D 14. D 19. C 4. B 9. A 14. B 19. A
5. E 10. C 15. C 20. A 5. E 10. C 15. C 20. E

1. C 6. C 11. A 16. A 1. A 6. E 11. B 16. E
2. C 7. A 12. E 17. E 2. B 7. D 12. A 17. D
3. A 8. E 13. B 18. D 3. C 8. E 13. D 18. A
4. E 9. B 14. D 19. C 4. D 9. A 14. C 19. E
5. B 10. C 15. C 20. E 5. C 10. B 15. C 20. B
12-14 GRAMMAR TEST 03

1. E 6. B 11. C 16. A
2. C 7. C 12. E 17. D 1. A 6. D 11. E 16. C
3. C 8. E 13. D 18. B 2. C 7. B 12. C 17. D
4. D 9. B 14. C 19. D 3. E 8. D 13. A 18. B
5. E 10. A 15. E 20. A 4. D 9. A 14. B 19. D
5. B 10. E 15. C 20. E

1. E 6. E 11. E 16. A 12-14 GRAMMAR TEST 10
2. B 7. B 12. D 17. E 1. A 6. B 11. B 16. A
3. C 8. E 13. A 18. D 2. E 7. D 12. A 17. D
4. C 9. D 14. E 19. C 3. B 8. A 13. E 18. E
5. A 10. A 15. C 20. A 4. D 9. D 14. B 19. B
5. C 10. E 15. C 20. C

1. C 6. A 11. A 16. B 1. A 6. E 11. E 16. E

2. E 7. D 12. E 17. A 2. D 7. C 12. A 17. A
3. A 8. E 13. D 18. B 3. B 8. B 13. C 18. A
4. C 9. C 14. A 19. E 4. C 9. B 14. D 19. C
5. B 10. B 15. D 20. D 5. A 10. D 15. B 20. D

1. D 6. C 11. E 16. D 1. D 6. A 11. B 16. B
2. B 7. A 12. D 17. A 2. B 7. E 12. C 17. E
3. A 8. D 13. A 18. C 3. E 8. B 13. B 18. D
4. C 9. B 14. C 19. B 4. A 9. D 14. C 19. C
5. E 10. E 15. B 20. E 5. C 10. D 15. A 20. A
53
12-14 GRAMMAR TESTS 1 / 16 - KEY YDT 12 / 14

1. E 6. A 11. D 16. D 1. B 6. D 11. C 16. B
2. B 7. A 12. C 17. E 2. E 7. A 12. E 17. C
3. D 8. C 13. B 18. B 3. C 8. C 13. A 18. E
4. B 9. B 14. A 19. A 4. A 9. B 14. C 19. D
5. D 10. E 15. B 20. D 5. B 10. E 15. A 20. D

1. A 6. D 11. B 16. B 1. B 6. D 11. D 16. D
2. B 7. A 12. C 17. D 2. D 7. C 12. A 17. A
3. C 8. C 13. E 18. C 3. A 8. A 13. E 18. B
4. D 9. B 14. D 19. E 4. E 9. B 14. B 19. E
5. E 10. E 15. A 20. A 5. C 10. E 15. C 20. E
54
YDT 12 / 15 12-15 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 / 4 - KEY
12-15 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 / 4 - KEY

GRAMMAR PRACTICE 01 – 5. D 10. C
PRONOUNS 6. C 11. A
Part A 7. C 12. C
8. B 13. D
1. their
9. B 14. D
2. his
10. A 15. E
3. they
11. C 16. A
4. our
12. C 17. A
5. he needs
13. D 18. B
6. your
14. B 19. D
7. them
15. A 20. C
8. they
16. B
9. him
17. B GRAMMAR PRACTICE 02 –
10. our
18. E TENSES
11. myself
19. D Part A
12. them
20. E
13. his 1. became
14. they 2. will have graduated
15. its Part C 3. prefer
16. yourself 1. C 4. was / had conned
17. their 2. A 5. is facing
18. itself 3. E 6. is enjoying
19. it 4. E 7. has built
20. their 5. B 8. do not mend / just buy
21. its 6. B 9. will replace
22. his 7. D 10. brought
23. it 8. A 11. was delivering
24. its 9. B 12. do not do / simply buy
25. it 10. D 14. had charged
26. her 11. C 15. was going to pay
27. your 12. B 16. was delivering
28. mine 13. E 17. will deliver / ordered
29. himself 14. A 18. came / were sitting
30. them 15. C 19. has started
31. our 16. C 20. has begun
32. they 17. B 21. compares
33. theirs 18. E 22. differs
34. herself 19. D 23. starts
35. you 20. D 24. have grown
36. his 25. has lived
37. their Part D 26. will know
38. me 1. D 27. has advised
39. it 2. B 28. have developed
40. their 3. A 29. had warned
4. C 30. has remarked
Part B 5. C 31. had already reported
1. B 6. B 32. had been following
2. E 7. E 33. was providing
3. A 8. E 34. has been struggling
4. A 9. B 35. had pleased
55
12-15 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 / 4 - KEY YDT 12 / 15
36. preferred 1. B 28. could travel

37. will matter / start 2. D 29. used to teach
38. took care 3. A 30. must be
39. are announcing 4. C 31. cannot be touring
40. will yield 5. A 32. have to go
6. E 33. don’t have to wash
Part B 7. E 34. must lock
1. C 8. C 35. didn’t need to pay
2. B 9. B 36. must be
3. D 10. A 37. had better turn
4. B 11. D 38. should seee
5. C 12. D 39. did not have to go
6. A 13. B 40. cannot be
7. E 14. E
8. E 15. B PART B
9. B 16. E 1. B
10. E 17. E 2. C
11. C 18. A 3. D
12. B 19. C 4. E
13. D 20. B 5. E
14. A 6. A
15. A GRAMMAR PRACTICE 03 – 7. C
16. D MODALS 8. B
17. A PART A 9. D
18. C 1. can prove 10. E
19. E 2. cannot come 11. B
20. D 3. don’t have to go 12. A
4. should get 13. D
Part C 5. was able to finish 14. D
1. B 6. might be 15. C
2. E 7. would look after 16. A
3. A 8. ought to do 17. E
4. C 9. have to attend 18. C
5. C 10. used to start 19. E
6. D 11. had better not go 20. A
7. D 12. must not drink
8. B 13. have to take PART C
9. E 14. will not listen 1. E
10. A 15. must be 2. A
11. B 16. would continue 3. D
12. D 17. used to smoke 4. B
13. B 18. would rather walk 5. B
14. E 19. am able to walk 6. D
15. C 20. was supposed to attend 7. C
16. A 21. can go 8. D
17. D 22. wasn’t able to find 9. B
18. B 23. had been able to achieve 10. C
19. C 24. used to go 11. B
20. E 25. cannot come 12. A
26. were supposed to complete 13. C
Part D 27. was able to finish 14. D
56
YDT 12 / 15 12-15 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 / 4 - KEY
15. B 18. to come 3. D

16. D 19. cry 4. E
17. B 20. stolen 5. C
18. A 21. rewrite 6. B
19. C 22. could account 7. D
20. D 23. can live 8. A
24. are associated 9. A
PART D 25. has not been formally 10. B
1. D accepted - can determine 11. C
2. B 26. were – discovered 12. D
3. D 27. be taken 13. B
4. E 28. Are - held 14. A
5. E 29. were first built - were first used 15. B
6. C 30. have long been used 16. B
7. D 31. intended - to be cancelled 17. A
8. B 32. causes - has been found - has 18. C
eluded 19. C
9. A
33. Established – opened – 20. B
10. E
remained – boycotted
11. C
34. Were – taken - was made
12. A PART D
35. shared - is acknowledged
13. C 1. A
36. participated
14. D 2. C
37. have been – made
15. B 3. C
38. have influenced
16. D 4. D
39. is alleged - have used
17. B 5. B
40. reveals - occur
18. B 6. A
19. A 7. D
Part B
20. D 8. E
1. C 9. C
2. D 10 C
GRAMMAR PRACTICE 04 –
3. E 11. A
PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE
4. C 12. E
Part A 5. D 13. E
1. were killed 6. C 14. B
2. found – began 7. A 15. D
3. can be traced – left 8. C 16. C
4. known - was originally planned 9. C 17. D
5. patented - would vibrate 10. B 18. C
6. can be considered 11. D 19. C
7. devastated - die – destroyed 12. C 20. D
8. was built 13. E
9. cannot be eliminated – 14. A
prepared 15. C
10. are not taken – polluted 16. D
11. have been altered 17. B
12. suggests - may have been 18. A
destroyed
19. C
13. have devised – causes
20. B
14. had
15. fix
PART C
16. to tidy up
17. examined 1. C
2. E
57
12-16 GRAMMAR QUIZ 1 / 4 - KEY YDT 12 / 16
12-16 GRAMMAR QUIZ 1 / 4- KEY

12-16 PRONOUNS 12-16 MODALS
1. B 6. C 11. D 16. C 1. C 6. E 11. C 16. C
2. D 7. B 12. C 17. D 2. D 7. A 12. B 17. D
3. C 8. B 13. B 18. B 3. B 8. C 13. D 18. E
4. A 9. E 14. A 19. A 4. E 9. E 14. B 19. A
5. E 10. B 15. B 20. E 5. D 10. D 15. E 20. B
12-16 TENSES 12-16 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE

1. C 6. E 11. A 16. A 1. C 6. A 11. C 16. D
2. E 7. B 12. E 17. E 2. E 7. D 12. D 17. B
3. B 8. E 13. C 18. D 3. D 8. D 13. C 18. D
4. D 9. D 14. B 19. C 4. B 9. E 14. A 19. C
5. A 10. D 15. B 20. B 5. C 10. B 15. E 20. A
58
YDT 12 / 18 12-18 VOCABULARY SET 1 - KEY
12-18 VOCABULARY SET 1 - KEY

12-18 SET 1 - TEST 1 12-18 SET 1 - TEST 3
1. E 6. E 11. C 16. C 1. E 6. E 11. D 16. A
2. C 7. B 12. D 17. D 2. B 7. E 12. A 17. B
3. B 8. E 13. D 18. E 3. C 8. B 13. B 18. E
4. A 9. A 14. B 19. A 4. C 9. A 14. C 19. C
5. A 10. B 15. C 20. B 5. E 10. E 15. D 20. D
12-18 SET 1 - TEST 2 12-18 SET 1 - TEST 4

1. B 6. A 11. B 16. E 1. D 6. D 11. E 16. A
2. B 7. D 12. D 17. A 2. E 7. B 12. D 17. E
3. D 8. E 13. E 18. C 3. D 8. C 13. E 18. A
4. C 9. C 14. D 19. D 4. C 9. E 14. B 19. B
5. A 10. E 15. E 20. B 5. A 10. A 15. E 20. A
59
12-19 READING COMPREHENSION SET 1 / 5- KEY YDT 12 / 19
12-19 READING COMPREHENSION SET 1 / 5- KEY

12-19 TEST 1 12-19 TEST 4
1. B 3. E 5. B 1. B 3. E 5. B 7. D
2. C 4. D 6. A 2. A 4. C 6. C 8. B
12-19 TEST 2 12-19 TEST 5

1. D 3. E 5. C 1. C 4. B 7. E 10. E
2. C 4. A 6. A 2. B 5. A 8. D 11. D
3. C 6. B 9. B 12. C
12-19 TEST 3
1. E 3. C 5. C
2. B 4. E 6. E
60
YDT 12 / 20 12-20 QUESTION TYPE SET 1 / 11 - KEY
12-20 QUESTION TYPES SET 1 / 11- KEY

12-20 TEST 1 - VOCABULARY 12-20 TEST 8 - SITUATIONAL RESPONSE
1. C 6. D 11. D 16. E 1. C 3. D 5. A 7. D
2. A 7. E 12. D 17. C 2. E 4. B 6. C 8. D
3. E 8. B 13. B 18. C
4. A 9. B 14. D 19. E
5. C 10. A 15. A 20. B
12-20 TEST 9 - PARAGRAPH COMPLETION
1. C 3. D 5. A 7. C
2. B 4. E 6. B 8. E
12-20 TEST 2 - VOCABULARY
1. A 6. B 11. D 16. C
2. B 7. C 12. A 17. A
12-20 TEST 10 - TRANSLATION
3. D 8. E 13. C 18. B
4. D 9. C 14. B 19. C 1. E 3. C 5. E 7. A
5. E 10. E 15. E 20. A 2. A 4. D 6. B 8. B
12-20 TEST 3 - CLOZE TEST 12-20 TEST 11 - FINDING THE IRRELEVANT

1. A 6. E 11. A 16. C
SENTENCE
2. E 7. B 12. E 17. A 1. D 4. E 7. A 10. E
3. B 8. A 13. D 18. E 2. D 5. B 8. C 11. B
4. C 9. D 14. B 19. D 3. C 6. C 9. D 12. C
5. D 10. C 15. C 20. B
12-20 TEST 4 - SENTENCE COMPLETION

1. E 4. D 7. B 10. D
2. C 5. E 8. C 11. A
3. C 6. A 9. C 12. B
12-20 TEST 5 - PARAGRAPH

1. D 3. C 5. A
2. B 4. C 6. D
12-20 TEST 6 - DIALOGUE COMPLETION

1. B 3. A 5. C
2. D 4. E 6. A
12-20 TEST 7 - RESTATEMENT

1. A 3. B 5. C 7. D
2. D 4. B 6. E 8. A
61

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12-01 GRAMMAR EXPERT 12 - KEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

12-04 VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

12-10 PROGRESS BOOKLETS 1 / 2 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

12-11 PRACTICE EXAMS 1 / 2- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

12-12 MINI PRACTICE EXAM 1 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

12-14 GRAMMAR TESTS 1 / 16- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

12-15 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 / 4 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

12-16 GRAMMAR QUIZ 1 / 4- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

12-18 VOCABULARY SET 1 - KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

12-19 READING COMPREHENSION SET 1 / 5- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

12-20 QUESTION TYPES SET 1 / 11- KEY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

12-01 GRAMMAR EXPERT 12 - KEY

EXERCISE 8 11. the other - another

EXERCISE 4 6. came - was waiting

EXERCISE 9 12. contributes

5. will release - will publish EXERCISE 18

EXERCISE 20 UNIT 3 MODALS

5. can / will be able to drive 18. may / might / could be

7. What still often happens then is that everything is EXERCISE 5

3. If the food had been distributed fairly and efficiently,

EXERCISE 7 6. The soil is too weak to support vehicular traffic

EXERCISE 14 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES TEST 3

GERUNDS & INFINITIVES TEST 1

GERUNDS & INFINITIVES TEST 2

11. Whether they really want to take part in the

EXERCISE 6 5. we would definitely enjoy the time we would spend

EXERCISE 13 UNIT 8 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

NOUN CLAUSES TEST 1 EXERCISE 3

NOUN CLAUSES TEST 2 EXERCISE 4

15. carefully - significant

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - TEST 1

UNIT 11 DETERMINERS & EXERCISE 6

DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 1 EXERCISE 4

DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 2 EXERCISE 5

EXERCISE 16 PREPOSITIONS - TEST 3

12-02 GRAMMAR QUESTION BANK - KEY

12-02 PRONOUNS - TEST 02 12-02 MODALS - TEST 01

12-02 PRONOUNS - TEST 03 12-02 MODALS - TEST 02

12-02 PRONOUNS - TEST 04 12-02 MODALS - TEST 03

12-02 TENSES - TEST 01 12-02 MODALS - TEST 04

12-02 TENSES - TEST 02 12-02 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE - TEST 01

12-02 TENSES - TEST 03 12-02 PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE - TEST 02

12-02 CONDITIONAL CLAUSES - TEST 01 12-02 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES - TEST 04

12-02 NOUN CLAUSES & REPORTED SPEECH -

12-02 NOUN CLAUSES & REPORTED SPEECH -

12-02 NOUN CLAUSES & REPORTED SPEECH -

12-02 NOUN CLAUSES & REPORTED SPEECH -

12-02 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 01 CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 01

12-02 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 02 CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 02

12-02 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 03 CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 03

12-02 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS - TEST 04 CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS - TEST 04

ADJECTIVE (RELATIVE) CLAUSES - TEST 01 DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 01

ADJECTIVE (RELATIVE) CLAUSES - TEST 02 DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 02

ADJECTIVE (RELATIVE) CLAUSES - TEST 03 DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 03

ADJECTIVE (RELATIVE) CLAUSES - TEST 04 DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS - TEST 04

PREPOSITIONS - TEST 01 12-02 GRAMMAR REVISION - TEST 01

PREPOSITIONS - TEST 02 12-02 GRAMMAR REVISION - TEST 02

PREPOSITIONS - TEST 03 12-02 GRAMMAR REVISION - TEST 03

PREPOSITIONS - TEST 04 12-02 GRAMMAR REVISION - TEST 04

12-04 VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1 - KEY

PART E 6. preceded 8. phenomenal