Christ the king College 

College of Teacher Education 

Name: Refuncion Lemuel Jan F. Date: September 15, 2022_

Program: Nellicee Estolano Mabini Year&Section: BEED-3B

PRELIMENARY EXAMINATION

Directions. Comprehensibly , cite at least five references/ authors  in explicating and

rationalizing your stand.

1. Comprehensively discuss what is meant by 

(a) Environment? 
ANSWER:
- Environment can be defined as a sum total of all living and non-living
elements and their effects that influence human life. (https://byjus.com)
- The environment is the total of all living and nonliving things in nature that
affects an individual’s survival and development.
(www.biologyonline.com)
- A person’s physical surroundings he lives in comfortable rural
environment. (www.meriam-webster.com)
- The surroundings or conditions or conditions in which a person, animal or
plant lives or operates. (google,com)
- The natural world, as a whole or a particular geographical area,
especially as affected by human activity. (google.com)
SELF NOTION: Environment is a place of all living and non-living things that surrounds
us and it can be defined where an individual’s living, plants, objects, and animals.
(b) Environmental studies?
ANSWER:
- Environmental studies is all about learning the way we should live and
how we can develop sustainable strategies to protect the environment.
(www.reva.edu.in)
- Environmental studies refer to an extensive systematic study of
nature/environment and of its physical, biological, social and cultural
factors. (www.tutorialpoint.com)
- Environmental studies definition: a university course studying the
environment and related issues. (Collin Dictionary)
 - According to Wikipedia, Environmental studies is a multidisciplinary
academic field which systematically studies human interaction with the
environment.
- Environmental science is the body of interactions among physical,
chemical, and biological components of the environment. (Wikipedia)
SEL NOTION: For me environmental studies is gathering data, discovering, and
investigating systematically that help’s us to understand why environment needed to
know for us to have more knowledge and be aware of the things that is harmful in our
environment.

2. What do you mean by ecosystem? 

ANSWER:
- An ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of ecology where the
living organisms interact with each other and the surrounding.
(https://byjus.com)
- An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other
organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to a form a
bubble of life. (Ntional Geograpphic)
- The ecosystem is the community of living organisms in conjunction with
nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.
(Wikipedia)
- A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
environment. (Oxford Dictionary)
- A system that includes all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as
well as its physical environment (abiotic factors). (Biology Online)
SELF NOTION: Ecosystem contains living, parts or nonliving things, it is a community
where physical environment interacting together.
3. Illustrate land ecosystem and also aquatic ecosystem.
ANSWER:
LAND ECOSYSTEM
- A community of organisms and their environment that occurs on the land
masses of continents and island. (https://www.accessscrience.com)
- A land or terrestrial, ecosystem is all the living organisms and their
physical environment on a particular piece of land. (https://sciencing.com)
- An ecosystem is a collection of communities of both living and nonliving
things that are interrelated. (https://study.com)
- A terrestrial ecosystem is a land-based community of organisms and the
interactions of biotic and a abiotic components in a given are (National
Geographic)
 - Terrestrial ecosystem refers to the ecosystem found on land. This
comprises both living and non-living things. (https://byjus.com)
SELF NOTION: A community of organisms and interactions of biotic and abiotic
components that are found on land.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
- It is a water-based environment, wherein living organisms inhabit with
each other and their surroundings to survive. (www.vendatu.com)
- An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem formed by surrounding a body of
water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystem. Aquatic ecosystem
contain communities of organisms that are dependent on each other and
on their environment. (Wikipedia)
- An aquatic ecosystem includes freshwater habitats like lakes, ponds,
rivers, oceans and streams, wetlands swamp etc. (According to
Byjus.com)
- Aquatic ecosystem comprises the largest portion of the biosphere and
includes both freshwater and marine ecosystems. (Science Direct)
- Aquatic ecosystems include ocean, lakes, rivers, stream, estuaries and
wetlands. (www.marine.usf.edu)
SELF NOTION: Aquatic ecosystem is the habitat for water dependent living species
examples are lakes, ponds, estuaries, ocean, rivers and bogs.

4. Classify the ecosystems on the basis of their habitats. Give

examples. 
ANSWER: Forest (land ecosystem), farm (land ecosystem), city(land
ecosystem, river(aquatic ecosystem), and creek(aquatic ecosystem).

5. What is sustainable ecosystem? 

ANSWER:
- A sustainable ecosystem is one that , over the normal
cycle of disturbance events, maintains its characteristic
diversity of major functional groups, productivity, and
rates of biogeochemical cycling.
(www.journals.uchucago.edu.)
- Sustainability is the capacity to endure, in ecology the
word describes how biological systems remain diverse
and productive over time. (www.environment-ecolog.com)
 - Ecological sustainability means that, based on a long
term perspective, we conserve the productivity of the
waters, the soil and the ecosystem, and reduce our
impact on the natural environment and people’s health to
a level that the natural environment and humanity can
handle. (www.hig.se)
- In order to be considered sustainable, ecosystems must
have characteristics that allow them to exist and thrive
without outside influence or resources. (https://bite
toothpaste its.com)
- Healthy wetlands and long-lived forests are good
examples of sustainable biological systems. (Byjus.com)
SELF NOTION: Sustainable ecosystem refers to biological environment
that can support us with no influence from outside. It provides our needs
to the environment that can sustained us in our everyday living and it is
our responsible to take care of it.

6. Give a short account of the impacts of agriculture on

environment. 
ANSWER: There can be positive and negative impacts of agriculture
on environment. The positive impacts are planting to cover crops to
take better care of our soil it holds nutrients in the soil when cover
the crops, it helps retain moisture in the soil, reduce runoff, reduce
the need for tillage and store more carbon in the soil while the
negative impacts are pollution, climate change, deforestation,
irrigation problems, waste, and degradation of soil, water, and air.

7. What is meant by 

(a) Eutrophication? 
- The gradual increase in the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and other
plant nutrients in an aging aquatic ecosystem such as a lake.
(b) Waterlogging? 
- Is the saturation of soil with water. Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when
it is nearly saturated water much of the time such that its air phase is restricted
and anaerobic conditions prevail.
(c) Salinity of soil? 
- Is the amount of dissolved salts in the soil solution (the aqueous phase in the
soil). The process of accumulating soluble salts in the soil is known as
salinization. Salts in the soil have an important effect on the functions and
management.
8. Enumerate the impacts of mining. 
ANSWER: Environmental effects of mining can occur at local, regional, and global
scales through direct and indirect mining practices. The effects can result in erosion
sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface
water by the chemical emitted from mining process.

9. What is the significance of sustainable development? What are its main components?
ANSWER: Sustainable development practices help countries grow in a ways that adapt
to the challenges posed by climate change, which will in turn help to protect important
natural resources for ours and future generations. By the year 2050, it is estimated that
our global population will likely reach 9 billion people. It is crucial to harmonize three
core elements: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. These
elements are interconnected and all are crucial for th well-being od individuals and
societies.