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analysis unless a more definite value is to be taken as minimum for strength design of structures
available for use in such condition (see IS 456, only. However, for structures with interconnected equipment
at one or more levels, where displacement is a governing
IS 800 and IS 1343). parameter, use of site specific spectra shall be the governing
criteria.
6.3 Increase in Permissible Stresses
7.2 For all other projects, where site-specific studies
6.3.1 Increase in Permissible Stresses in Materials
are not carried out, the standard (this code) specific
When earthquake forces are considered along with spectra multiplied with zone factor as per 7.3.2 shall
other normal design forces, the permissible stresses in be considered as design spectra.
material, in the working stress method of design, may NOTES
be increased by one-third. However, for steels having 1 Zone factors are given in Annex A.
a definite yield stress, the stress shall be limited to the 2 Standard specific spectra is given in Annex B.
yield stress, for steels without a definite yield point,
the stress shall be limited to 80 percent of the ultimate 7.3 Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
strength or 0.2 percent proof stress, whichever is
smaller; and that in pre-stressed concrete members, the The horizontal seismic coefficient Ah shall be obtained
tensile stress in the extreme fibers of the concrete may using the period T, described as under.
be permitted so as not to exceed two-thirds of the 7.3.1 When using site specific spectra for DBE, the
modulus of rupture of concrete. seismic coefficient shall be calculated from the
6.3.2 Increase in Allowable Pressures in Soils expression:
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IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
In the limit state design of reinforced and pre-stressed NOTE — The combination procedures of 8.3.2.1.1 and 8.3.2.1.2
concrete structures, the following load combinations apply to the same response quantity (say, moment in a column
about its major axis, or storey shear in a frame) due to different
shall be accounted for: components of the ground motion. These combinations are to
be made at the member force/stress levels.
a) 1.5 (DL + SIDL + IL)
b) 1.2 (DL + SIDL + IL ± EL) 8.4 Seismic Weight
c) 1.5 (DL + SIDL ± EL) 8.4.1 Seismic Weight of Floor
d) 1.5 (0.6 DL ± EL) Seismic weight of each floor is its full Dead Load (DL)
NOTE — Imposed load (IL) in load combination shall not + Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) + appropriate
include erection load and crane payload. amount of Imposed Load (IL). Weight of piping, cable
8.3.2.1 In case of industrial structures, the plan wise trays, any other such utility that runs across the floors
distribution of mass and stiffness of the structural system shall be included in the seismic weight of upper and
may or may not be symmetrical about two lateral lower floors using law of statics.
directions that is, X and Y directions (Z axis being 8.4.2 Seismic Weight of Structure
vertical). When responses from the three earthquake Seismic weight of structure is sum of seismic weight
components are to be considered, the response due to of each floor.
each component may be combined as under.
8.5 Importance Factor ( )
8.3.2.1.1 Where the plan wise distribution of mass and
stiffness of the structural system is not symmetrical about It is relative importance assigned to a structure to take
two lateral (X and Y) directions, the response due to into account consequences of its damage. Importance
each component may be combined using the assumption factors for structures in different categories are given
that when the maximum response from one component in Table 3. Higher importance factor may however be
occurs, the responses from the other two components assigned to different structures at the discretion of the
are 30 percent of the corresponding maximum. project authorities.
All possible combinations of the three components Table 3 Importance Factor for Various
(EL x, ELy, EL z) including variations in sign (plus or Categories of Industrial structures
minus) shall be considered. Thus, the response due to (Clause 8.5)
earthquake force (EL) is the maximum of the following
cases: Sl Categories of Structures Importance Factor1)
No. (see 8.1)
EL x 0.3EL y 0.3ELz (1) (2) (3)
EL = EL y 0.3EL x 0.3ELz i) Category 1 2.00
EL z 0.3EL x 0.3EL y ii) Category 2 1.50
iii) Category 3 1.25
iv) Category 4 1.00
As an alternative to the procedure in 8.3.2.1, the 1)
Whenever structures are analyzed for site specific spectra
response (EL) due to the combined effect of the three corresponding to MCE, importance factor shall be considered
components can be obtained on the basis of square as unity for all structures.
root of the sum of the squares (SRSS), that is
8.5.1 Categorization of individual structure and
2 2 2
EL = EL x EL y EL z components applicable to all typical industries are
given in Table 6.
8.3.2.1.2 Where the plan wise distribution of mass and 8.6 Response Reduction factor ( )
stiffness of the structural system is symmetrical about
two lateral directions that is X and Y directions, the Response reduction factor, R takes into account the
structure shall be designed for the effects due to full margins of safety, over strength redundancy and
design earthquake load in one horizontal direction at a ductility of the structure. For industrial structures,
time. response reduction factor is given in Table 4. These
factors shall be used only for steel and RCC structures/
Thus, the response due to earthquake force (EL) is the support structures and not for design of equipment.
maximum of the following cases: For equipment (I/R) = 1 is recommended.
Table 4 Response Reduction Factor1), for and stiffness of the structures as well as mass of
Industrial Structures equipment, cable trays and piping system along with
(Clause 8.6) associated accessories. Fifty percent (50 percent) of
the imposed load shall also be included as suitably
Sl Lateral Load Resisting System R distributed mass on the structure.
No. (2) (3)
(1) 9.1.1 Soil-Structure Interaction
i) Building frame systems:
a) Ordinary RC moment - Resisting frame 3.0
The soil-structure interaction refers to the effects of
(OMRF)2) the supporting foundation medium on the motion of
b) Special RC moment - Resisting frame 5.0 structure. The soil-structure interaction may not be
(SMRF)3) considered in the seismic analysis for structures
c) Steel frame :
1) with concentric braces 4.0 supported on rock or hard soil or rock-like material
2) with eccentric braces 5.0 (N > 50, Vs = 760 m/s).
3) Special moment resisting frame designed 3.0
as per IS 800 without ductile detailing 9.2 Interaction Effects between Structure and
4) Steel special concentric braced frame 4.5
designed as per IS 800 (limit state Equipment
design)
ii) Building with shear walls4): Interaction effects between structure (primary system)
a) Load bearing masonry wall buildings5): and equipment (secondary system), for Categories 2,
1) Un-reinforced 1.5 3 and 4 structures, shall be considered as per 9.2.1 and
2) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands 2.5
3) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands 3.0
for Category 1 structures as per 9.2.2.
and vertical bars at corners of rooms 9.2.1 For Category 2, 3 and 4 structures, interaction
and jambs of openings
b) Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls6) 3.0 effects between structure and equipment shall be
c) Ductile shear walls7) 4.0 considered as under:
iii) Buildings with dual systems 8):
a) Ordinary shear wall with OMRF 3.0 For the purpose of this clause, the following notations
b) Ordinary shear wall with SMRF 4.0 shall be used:
c) Ductile shear wall with OMRF 4.5
d) Ductile shear wall with SMRF 5.0 MS = total mass of the primary system (structural
1)
The values of response reduction factors are to be used for system) on which the secondary system is
structures with lateral load resisting elements, and not just for supported,
the lateral load resisting elements built in isolation.
2) MR = total mass of all the equipment that are
OMRF are those designed and detailed as per IS 456 or IS 800
(see 4.15.1). rigidly mounted at different locations in the
3)
SMRF has been defined in 4.15.2. structure, and
4)
Buildings with shear walls also include buildings having shear MF = total mass of all the equipment that are
walls and frames, but where: flexible mounted (on isolators) at different
a) frames are not designed to carry lateral loads, or
locations in the structure.
b) frames are designed to carry lateral loads but do not
fulfill the requirements of ‘Dual-System’. 9.2.1.1 Wherever equipment are rigidly fastened to the
5)
floor, the equipment mass (MR) shall be taken as lumped
Reinforcement should be as per IS 4326.
6)
mass at appropriate locations. No interaction between
Prohibited in Zones IV and V.
7)
the structures and equipment shall be considered.
Ductile shear walls are those designed and detailed as per IS
13920. 9.2.1.2 For flexible mounted equipment, if
8)
Buildings with dual systems consist of shear walls (or braced
frames) and moment resisting frames such that, MF
a) the two systems are designed to resist the total design < 0.25 no interaction between the structures
force in proportion to their lateral stiffness considering
Ms M R
the interaction of the dual system at all floor levels; and equipment shall be considered. In such a case MF
and should be considered as lumped mass at appropriate
b) the moment resisting frames are designed to locations (decoupled analysis).
independently resist at least 25 percent of the design
seismic base shear.
MF
9.2.1.3 If 0.25 interaction between the
Ms M R
equipment shall include all elements of the lateral isolators (Flexible mount for support of equipment)
force-resisting system. The model shall also include and the structure shall be considered by suitably
the stiffness and strength of elements, which are modeling the isolators support system while
significant to the distribution of forces. The model shall considering the equipment as lumped mass (coupled
properly represent the spatial distribution of the mass analysis).
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IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
Response spectrum analysis shall be performed using Alternatively, the peak response quantities may be
the design spectrum. combined as follows:
10.1.3 Sufficiently large number of modes shall be used a) If the structure does not have closely-spaced
for both time history as well as response spectrum modes, then the peak response quantity ( )
analysis to include the influence of at least 90 percent due to all modes considered shall be obtained
of the total seismic mass. The modal seismic mass shall as:
be calculated as per the provisions of 10.1.4. r
2
k
10.1.4 Modal Mass k 1
where
The modal mass Mk in mode ‘k’ is given as:
k = absolute value of response quantity, in mode
2
n k; and
Wi ik
i 1 r = number of modes being considered
Mk = n
2 b) If the structure has a few closely-spaced
g Wi
i 1
ik modes (see 3.1), then the peak response
quantity * due to these modes shall be
where obtained as :
g = acceleration due to gravity, *
c
ik = mode shape coefficient at floor i, in mode k, c
10.3 – Effect
j
= frequency ratio =
i
Structures in all categories and in all zones shall be
analysed to take into account the influence of P –
j = circular frequency, in jth mode; and effect.
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IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
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IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
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IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
where
G = shear modulus of foundation soil = Vs2 ,
Vs = shear wave velocity of the medium,
= soil density
r0 = radius of circular raft foundation,
= poisson’s ratio of soil,
n = number of piles,
Ep = modulus of elasticity of pile material,
Im = moment of inertia of pile section,
T1 = characteristic length of pile,
d = thickness of pile cap or raft, and
shell), lining mass and foundation modeling (that is NOTE — Minimum number of elements should be adequate
foundation stiffness, soil deformations). The number to ensure that the model represent the frequencies up to 33 Hz.
of elements should be such as to capture the variation 18 SPECIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
of stiffness and mass of the system. A minimum of ten REINFORCED CONCRETE STACKS
beam elements should in general be sufficient. For axi-
symmetric structures axi-symmetric finite elements 18.1 The total vertical reinforcement shall not be less
shall be used. than 0.25 percent of the concrete area. When two layers
of reinforcement are required, the outside vertical
In case of chimneys, no stiffness is considered to be reinforcement shall not be less than 50 percent of the
provided by the lining, however, the mass of lining reinforcement.
above any corbel is assumed to be lumped at the corbel
level. 18.2 The total circumferential reinforcement shall not
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IS 1893 (Part 4) : 2015
ANNEX C
(Clause 9.2.2)
C-0 For Category 1 structures, decoupling criteria as output motions from the first analysis as input at the
given below shall be used for the interaction effects points of connectivity.
between primary system (structure) and secondary
C-7 For applying the criteria of this section to have a
system (equipment).
modal mass greater than 20 percent of the total system
C-1 For the purpose of this clause, the following mass, the total system mass is defined by:
notations shall be used.
m
2
T M j
j M Ub j 1
j T
M = Participation factor for jth mode
j j
C-8 When detailed analysis is to be carried out for
where structures with equipment attached at a single point,
M = mass matrix of the structural system. the coupling criteria shown in Fig. 2 shall be used.
The mass ratio in Fig. 2 is the modal mass ratio
j = jth normalized mode shape.
computed as per section C-9 and the frequency ratio is
T
j M j=1 the ratio of uncoupled modal frequencies of the
Ub = Influence vector (displacement vector) of the secondary and primary systems.
structural system when the base is displaced
C-9 For a secondary system dominant mode and the
by unity in the direction of earthquake
primary system mode i, the modal mass ratio can be
motion.
estimated by:
C-2 All combinations of the dominant secondary
system modes and the dominant primary system modes Ms
mri
must be considered and the most restrictive M pi
combination shall be used.
where
C-3 Coupled analysis of primary structure and secondary
system shall be performed when the effects of interaction 2
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