CO NO.

3 Analyze contemporary news events and global issues in the context

of globalization in relation to Filipinos and the Philippines.

LO No. 3.5 Identify the attributes of a global city.

LO No. 3.6 Analyze how cities serve as engines of globalization.

LO No. 3.7 Explain the theory of demographic transition as it affects

global population.
Civilizations into Cities –

As civilizations flourished and

people started to live and
settle aggregately in specific
areas, communities expanded
into towns and into cities.
Many have been recognized
in the past to be the
foundations of kingdoms,
states or countries at present.
Civilizations into Cities –

But with the dawn inter-

connectedness among
independent states, global city
became a new concept where
people across the world live
along with the other citizens
of different states.
We see the transition of simple communities
that developed gradually into industrial
areas, then into a global economy that
keeps on developing into another stage as
far as it can shape and reshape itself by
transitioning and growing from one
economic structure to another.

Hence, global cities are noticeable around

the world because they are symbolic
powers, production sites, and the place
where people of different origins, races,
nationalities and citizenships interact
and co-exist with one another
harmoniously.
 In a globalized society, people live in
urban centers with standard of living
significantly competitive and better
conditions, along with a larger and
more competitive economy.

Thus, a “global city is as an urban center

that enjoys significant competitive

advantages that serves as a hub within a
globalized economic system.”
“Global City”
▪ an urban centre that
enjoys significant
competitive advantages
and that serves as a hub
within a globalized
economic system.

▪ A global city needs to

have a lot of capital,
information on trade,
business and
multinational companies.
“Global City”
▪ The infrastructure and
workforce are the key
factors considered for a
global city to exist.
▪ As global cities attract
both businesses and
people from different
places, it facilitates the
migration of people
towards the city to fill the
workforce needed since
the economic aspect
requires them
Globalization is seen as gateway to all
forces in human civilization, from
economic standing, social relationship,
cultural and political parlance. It is also
observed that there is a delayed effect of
the pandemic for less global cities.

The Global Cities Index (GCI) results

projects a clear divergences in the
trajectories of global cities. The COVID-
19 pandemic has affected global cities
because of their existing global
connectivity, international character and
relations. And the impact of the pandemic
to their scores and ranking is evident.
GLOBAL CITIES AND THEIR RANKS
- As per ranking of global cities,
the Global Cities Index (GCI)
measures how globally engaged
cities are across five dimensions:

business activity, human

capital, information exchange,
cultural experience, and
political engagement.
https://www.kearney.com/global-cities/2020
Top 10 Global Cities (2021 Global Cities Index)

City 2021 Rank 2020 Rank ∆ 2020 - 2020

New York 1 1 -
London 2 2 -
Paris 3 3 -
Tokyo 4 4 -
Los Angeles 5 7 +2
Beijing 6 5 -1
Hong Kong 7 6 -1
Chicago 8 8 -
Singapore 9 9 -
Shanghai 10 12 +2
▪ Home to major stock exchanges and indexes
▪ Influential in international political affairs
▪ Home to world-renowned cultural institutions
▪ Service a major media hub
▪ Large mass transit networks
▪ Home to a large international airport
▪ Having a prominent skyline
▪ Home to major stock exchanges and indexes
▪ Influential in international political affairs
▪ Home to world-renowned cultural institutions
▪ Service a major media hub
▪ Large mass transit networks
▪ Home to a large international airport
▪ Having a prominent skyline
▪ Service a major media hub
▪ Large mass transit networks
▪ Home to a large international airport
▪ Having a prominent skyline
It has been argued, among others, that ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CITY
global cities have the following
characteristics:
• International, first-name familiarity;
whereby a city is recognized without the
need for a political subdivision.
• Active influence and participation in
international events and world affairs; for
example, New York City is home to the
United Nations headquarters complex.
• A fairly large population (the center of a
metropolitan area with a population of at
least one million, typically several
million).
• A major international airport (for example, ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CITY
London Heathrow Airport) that serves as
an established hub for several international
airlines.
• An advanced transportation system that
includes several freeways and/or a large
mass transit network offering multiple
modes of transportation (rapid transit, light
rail, regional rail, ferry, or bus).
• A major international airport (for example,
ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CITY
London Heathrow Airport) that serves as an
established hub for several international
airlines.
• An advanced transportation system that
includes several freeways and/or a large mass
transit network offering multiple modes of
transportation (rapid transit, light rail, regional
rail, ferry, or bus).
• International financial institutions, law firms, corporate
ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CITY
headquarters (especially conglomerates), and stock
exchanges (for example the London Stock Exchange,
the New York Stock Exchange or the Tokyo Stock
Exchange) that have influence over the world
economy.
• In the West, several international cultures and
communities (such as a Chinatown, a Little Italy, or
other immigrant communities). In other parts of the
world, cities which attract large foreign businesses and
related expatriate communities; e.g., Singapore,
Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Moscow.
• An advanced communications infrastructure on
ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CITY
which modern trans-national corporations rely,
such as fiber optics, Wi-Fi networks, cellular phone
services, and other high-speed lines of
communications.
• World-renowned cultural institutions, such as
museums and universities.
• A lively cultural scene, including film festivals (for
example the Toronto International Film Festival),
premieres, music or theatre scene (for example,
West End theatre and Broadway); orchestra, opera
company, art galleries, and street performers.
• Several powerful and influential media outlets ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL CITY
with an international reach, such as the BBC,
Associated Press, Reuters, The New York
Times or The Times.
• A strong sporting community, including major
sports facilities, home teams in major league
sports, and the ability and historical
experience to host international sporting
events such as the Olympic Games, Football
World Cup, or Grand tennis events.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
As global cities attract
both businesses and
people from different
places, it facilitates the
migration of people
towards the city to fill
the workforce needed
since the economic
aspect requires them.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
The inhabitants (people) of the
world continue to increase, but
the size of the planet and the
habitable areas in different
countries are constant. Every
second of each precious minute
is equivalent to the average
number of live births that
succeed the death of members
of the population at various
ages.
Demography is generally referred
to as the study of population.
It is focused on five aspects: size,
geographic distribution,
composition, the components of
change (births, deaths, migration),
and the determinants and
consequences of population
change.
Swanson and Stephan, 2004
China remains as the largest country based on
population while the Vatican City still maintains
its remarkable number of inhabitants being the
seat of the Catholic World.
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
(2021) defines demography as the science of
populations where demographers seek to
understand population dynamics by investigating
three main demographic processes: birth,
migration, and aging (including death).

All three of these processes contribute to

changes in populations, including how
people inhabit the earth, form nations
and societies, and develop culture.
Global Migration Trends
1. MIGRANT POPULATION
2. MIGRANT FLOWS
3. LABOUR MIGRANTS
4. INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
5. REMITTANCES
6. DISPLACEMENT
7. IRREGULAR MIGRANTS
8. REFUGEES
Most Migrants
Come From India;
the United States
Is The Primary
Destination.
POPULATION AGING IS THE 21ST CENTURY’S
DOMINANT DEMOGRAPHIC PHENOMENON

▪ Declining Fertility
▪ Increasing longevity
▪ Progression of large-sized cohorts to the older ages are causing elder
shares to rise throughout the world
POPULATION in THE 21ST CENTURY
The phenomenon of population aging, which is
unprecedented in human history, brings with it
sweeping changing in population needs and capacitates,
with potentially significant implications for:

▪ Employment
▪ Savings
▪ Consumption
▪ Economic growth
▪ Asset values
▪ fiscal balance
The fact, force and future of global
demography (Bloom and Cunning,
2013) stressed that the overall
implications of population growth
for policy lie in the imperative for
investments in health and education,
and for sound policies related to labor,
trade and retirement.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAkW_i0bDpQ
Is it more advantageous
for a country to have a
younger population?
Support your answer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8dkWQVFAoA