Department Of Civil Engineering

Emerging Technology Individual Assignment

Name- Zekariyas Abusha

Id .No. UU79415R

Section- CE1R1N1/12

Submitted to – Mr Arega Hassen

Submitted Date- May 27, 2020

1.First revolution is a social or political science and it is a major, sudden and typically violent
alternation of things or we can define revolution any movement of objects over another.
Then when we define revolution in terms of human economy it is a gradual change of human
activities from different activities. We can see the economic revolution in the four technological
revolutions .it stars from hunting and gathering to farming in the first the first revolution during
this evolution there is four timelines under this there is a gradual change of the economy of our
world after this the economy changes to industrialization(second revolution) in this revolution
the economy of the world can be taken as the margin of profound change because at this time
there high production of goods and different machines are invented and the economical
activities and living standard is changed .after this revolution information or third revolution is
took place at this period the economy of the world depends more in broadcast technologies . At
last the current revolution which is called knowledge revolution the economical activities of the
world changes it structure and the economy of the world depends on ICT and AI.

2.There are four revolution of technologies in human history this includes

 A. Agricultural revolution or Neolithic revolution ,this revolution is started in
16000yeasrs ago and it depends on utilized materials .the agricultural revolution has
four timelines ,the first period is before 12000years ago during this period there is a
transition of hunting and gathering to farming .then this period is can be considered as
the marked period for agriculture invented. The second period is between 18 and 19th
century .during this period it went hand on hand with industrial revolutions .at this
time agriculture is better than the first period and it become commercial farming due
to high population growth and industrial revolutions. the third period is late 20th
century and it also know as green revolution this is because of the advanced
technology and this period is more better than the previous two periods because of the
advancement of technology’s and invention of different machinery . and the fourth
period is the current one and it is changed because of AI and ICT ,because of this
technology’s the agricultural production is become easier than the previous three
periods and high yield production is produced.
B. Industrial revolutions it took place during the late 1700 and 1800s century and went
hand in hand with the second agricultural revolutions and this revolution is began in
great Britain because of this revolution the societies became more industrialized and
urban. In industrial revolutions like railroad ,electricity ,machineries and other form a
profound change in the worlds economy and the living standards.
C. Information revolution started in 1922 because the invention of broadcast technology
but the revolution mainly begun due to computer technology, storage device and easy
access to information. This revolution made the world to communicate with each
other so easily and made information to get easily.as we compere to the two
revolutions it is more advanced than the previous revolutions.
D. Knowledge revolution or the fourth industrial revolution in this revolutions it is
describes the exponential changes of the way we live and also the political ,economic
system shows a radical change in all aspects of disciplines due to different technology
and field like AI,IOT,BIG DATA,CYBER-PHYSICAL systems and so on.

3.Information revolution is unique from other revolutions because f this revolution mainly
depends on the broadcast technology and computer technology and in this period it brings a
change that might prove as significant to the lives of peoples .since computers are unique
machines ;they help to extend the brain of power. there other one is the make the world to get
information and to communicate easily because of this revolution.

4. There are three driving factors in the information revolutions this are

1) Information based occupation this factor produced a latent demand for more
efficient storage and processing systems .and this information occupations they
only works for specific functions and the cost is more expensive so it is not that
much access able to the societies and it is only access to large companies.
2) New technology is invented called cheap personal computers, they spread out
information and materials with user friendly operating systems. this factor
completely changes the process and make it to communicate more easily than
the first one.
4)The third one is internet, internet made a crucial contribution from the early
1990s .after this the world parameters changes completely ,and make
communication more easily than the previous two factors any one can
communicate and get information any where they want

5.first let define data ,data is any raw fact or it is unorganized information. Then data has a
very important role for emerging technology .in the fourth industrial revolution this data is
considered as a new oil strategically area because when this data are organized the give a
information so this data can determine the future of the world in different disciplines like
business, schools, technologies ,sciences and so on.

6.In the world of digital electronics system there are four basic kinds of enabling devices, this are

A. Memory-is a device used to store random information’s, and there are two
types of memory this includes RAM(random applicable memory),this type of
memory stored permanently. and ROM(read only memory)stores information
temporally.
B. Microprocessors-are devices that execute software instructions to perform a
wide varieties of tasks or we can call them an interacting devices.
C. Logics-are devices that provides specific functions including data display
signal processing and so on. Logic can be grouped into two groups this are
fixed logics and programmed logic devices.
D. Network- is a group of two or more devices that can communicate and it is
comprised of a number of different computer systems connected by physical
 or wireless connection and allows to share information and resources in many
disciplines.

7.Fixedlogical device is a device that performs one function and once they manufactured they
cannot be changed .the circuit in a fixed logic device is permanent. but programmable logic
devices are electronic devices that used to build reconfiguration digital circuits and there
function is not defined like the fixed logic devices rather they performs different activities.

8.As we define network is a group of two or more devices that can communicate in different
areas, so the future trends of network might be include 5G networks this 5G networking allows
to enhance not just the mobile devices experience but also the entirely of the communication tech
environments, it means it make many things to be so easily accessed like health cares, industries
and also make to download movies or other things in a matter of seconds that are used in current
periods. The other future of the network trend is network development in edge computing it
helps to improve network speeds and reduce the mass of transferred data at the edge of network.
the other trends is it rises a decentralized , it controls the economical activities in many discipline

9.Human-machine interface(HCI) is a user interface or dashboard that connects a person to

machine systems or devices .while the term can technically be applied to any screen that allows a
user to interact with a devices, human-machine interface is most commonly used in the context
of an industrial process.

This Humane-machine interface ,also called user interface or human-computer interface. Mostly
Human-computer interface includes the hardware and software that is used to translate
user(Human) input into commands and presents results of the user.

10.The main or possible aspect of HCI is it make things visible ,simplifies task structure, they get
mapping right( user mental model= conceptual models) and they converts constrain into
advantages.

11.In HCL there are different study topics some of them are

A. User customizations it refers users can change the applications they used based on
their perspective and needs.
B. Augmented reality it refers the notation of layering relevant information into our
vision of the world or our future. It helps users to perform difficult tasks like
manufacturing ,surgeries and so on.
C. Social computing it refers mainly that individuals perceive their interaction with
computers more positively than humans and also they behave the same way towards
these machines for example cell phones are the best example of social computing.

12.Emerging technology are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are
still largely unrealized .these technologies are new ,such as various application of biotechnology
like gene therapy. this emerging technologies are characterized by radical novelty, relatively fast
growing, prominent impact, and uncertainty and ambiguity. emerging technologies includes a
variety of technologies such as educational technology, biotechnology, cognitive science,
robotics, and artificial intelligence.

Then the future trends of the emerging technologies will make the world more modernized like
by autonomous driving ,edge computing( bridging the gap between data storage and computing),
democratization of technology(refers to the easy access of technical domain to everyone),
humane augmentation(enhancing cognitive abilities), and personal profiling(enhancing
adaptations to latest technologies) are some of the future trends of emerging technologies.