ME2112 Semester 1 AY19/20

Q1(a)

4 kN

I 4 kN

4 kN
H

G a 4 kN
6m

E
A B C D
a Ex
Ay Ey
3m 3m 3m 3m

(i) Draw FBD of entire system.

F  0: E  0
x x
4 kN

 M  0 : E (12)  4(3)  4(6)  4(9)  0

A y
FGH
 E y  6 kN G

(ii) By inspection, zero force members:

FGF
FHB  0, FFD  0 FGC

(iii) Joint G is a special joint, FGC  4 kN (C)

(iv) Method of sections. Using the method of sections to cut along the line aa and draw FBD of
right segment of the truss sectioned by aa line.

4 kN a 4 kN
FHC FGF
4.5 m 5
3 13
1 F
2 2
E
FBC
C D Ex
a
Ey
3m 3m 3m

1
Consider the above FBD, we have

M H  0 : E y (9)  4(6)  4(3)  FBC (4.5)  0

 FBC 
6(9)  4(6)  4(3)  4 kN (T)
4.5

 1 
M C  0 : E y (6)  4(3)  FGF 
 5
 (6)  0

 1  24( 5)
FGF   (6)  12  6(6)  FGF  6
 8.944 kN or 8.944 kN (C)
 5
or

 1   2 
M C  0 : E y (6)  4(3)  FGF 
 5
 (3)  FGF 
 5
 (1.5)  0

 1  24( 5)
FGF   (3  2 1.5)  12  6(6)  FGF  6
 8.944 kN or 8.944 kN (C)
 5

 3   18 
M E  0 : 4(3)  4(6)  FHC   (6)  0  FHC 
 13 
  12  24
 13 
36 13
FHC   7.211 kN (T)
18

Q1(b)

Method 1: Analytical method

(i) Plane stress:  1  35 MPa,  2  55 MPa,  xy  28 MPa,  x  ?  y  ?

2
x  y   x  y 
 1  35      28
2
(1)
2  2 
2
x  y    y 
 2  55    x   28
2
(2)
2  2 

Adding Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), we have

 x   y  20 (3)

Equation (1) becomes

2
  x  y 
35  10     28
2

 2 

2
 2 2 2
  x  y    x  y    x  y 
or 45     28
2
 45  
2
  28  
2
  1241
 2   2   2 
 x   y  70.46 (4)

Solving Eq. (3) and Eq. (4), we obtain  x  25.23 MPa,  y =  45.23 MPa

(ii) Sketch principal stresses plane on a properly oriented element

 x  25.23 MPa,  y  45.23 MPa,  xy  28 MPa,  1  35 MPa,  2  55 MPa

2 xy 2(28) y
tan 2 p    0.794777178
 x  y 25.23  45.23
55 MPa
2 p  38.50
x
x  y  x  y
 x   cos 2 p   xy sin 2 p
2 2 y 35 MPa
25.23  45.23 25.23  45.23
=  cos 38.50  28sin 38.50
2 2
 10  27.57  17.43  35 MPa 19.30
x
Thus  p  19.250  19.30

(iii) Sketch maximum shear stress and associated normal stress on a properly oriented element

1   2 35  55    y 25.23  45.23
 max    45 MPa ,  avg     x   10 MPa
2 2 2 2

 x  y 25.23  45.23
tan 2 s     1.258214286
2 xy 2(28)
2 s  51.520   s  25.760  25.80 and 64.240  64.20

y
10 MPa
y 10 MPa x
10 MPa
10 MPa 45 MPa y 45 MPa
y
25.80 x
64.20
x
x

3
Method 2: Using Mohr’s circle
τ

τmax (0, 45)

B (-45, 28)

128.50

σ2 0
σ1

(-55, 0) C (35, 0) σ
38.50

-10
A (25, -28)

-τmax (0, -45)

y
10 MPa
55 MPa x
10 MPa
x
y 45 MPa
y 35 MPa
y

19.30 64.20
x x

4
Q2(a) Shear force and bending moment diagrams.
(i) Support reactions:
 F  0 : R  R  56 kN
y B C

 M  0 : 8(1.333)  R (8)  48(6)  0

B C

 RC  34.67 kN, RB  21.33 kN

y
8 kN 48 kN 6m

A 2.667m
B C E x
4m 8m 4m
RB RC

(ii) Using the singularity function for shear force and bending moment
The slope of the linearly increased load is w/L=4/4=1.
q    x 1  RB  x  4  1   x  4 1  RC  x  12  1
1 1
 Fxy    x  2 21.33  x  4  0   x  4  2 34.67  x  12  0
2 2
1 1
M xz    x  3 21.33  x  4 1   x  4  3 34.67  x  12 1
6 6
(iii) Shear force diagram
1 2
0  x  4 , Fxy  x , x  0, Fxy  0; x  4, Fxy  8
2
1 2 1
4  x  12 , Fxy  x  21.33  ( x  4) 2  4 x  29.33
2 2
x  4, Fxy  13.33, x  12, Fxy  18.67

1 2 1
12  x  16 , Fxy  x  21.33   x  4  2 34.67  4 x  64
2 2
x  12, Fxy  16, x  16, Fxy  0

5
 Fxy 18.67
(kN)

8 3.333
14
4 12 16 x (m)

-8
-13.33
-16

Maximum shear force Fxy  18.67 kN at x  12 m

(iv) Bending moment diagram

1 1
M xz    x  3 21.33  x  4 1   x  4  3 34.67  x  12 1
6 6
1
0  x  4 , M xz    x 3 , x  0, M xz  0; x  4, M xz  10.67
6
1 1
4  x  12 , M xz    x 3 21.33  x  4 1   x  4 3
6 6
x  4, M xz  10.67, x  12, M xz  32.03
1 1
12  x  16 , M xz    x  3 21.33  x  4 1   x  4  3 34.67  x  12 1
6 6
x  12, M xz  32.03, x  16, M xz  0

Mxz (kNm) 11.54

3.333

14
0 4 12 16 x (m)

-8.03
-10.67

-32.03

Maximum bending moment M xz  32.03 kNm at x  12 m .

6
Q2(b)
Shear stress and bending stress at point D, which is 25 mm from bottom of beam and 2 m right
of support C. The shear force and bending moment at point D are:
( Fxy ) D  8 kN ( M xz ) D  8.03 kNm

y
25 mm

81.25 mm A2
100 mm
z N.A.

43.75 mm a a
D 25 mm

A1 100 mm

The area is divided into two rectangular areas A1 and A2 for which the centroid lies on the y axis
and its location is given by (use bottom surface as reference line)

A1 y1  A2 y2 25(100)(12.5)  25(100)(75)
y   43.75 mm
A1  A2 25(100)  25(100)

Using the parallel axis theorem to calculate the second moment of inertia about N. A. of entire
cross-section.

 bh3 
I z    Ad 2 
 12 
1 1
 (100)(25)3  100(25)(31.25)2  (25)(100)3  25(100)(31.25)2
12 12
6
 7.096 10 mm  7.096 10 m
6 4 4

Moment of inertia about N.A. is 7.096  10 6 m 4 .

At point D, the Q value is calculated as

QD  A*  y  100  25  31.25  78.13 103 mm3  78.13  106 m3

Fxy QD (8 103 )(78.13 106 )

D   D  6
=  3.523 106 Pa=  3.523 MPa
I zb (7.096 10 )(0.025)

( M xz ) D yD
D  
Iz
(8.03  103 )(0.01875)
 D   6
=  21.22 106 Pa=  21.22 MPa
7.096  10

7
Q2(c)
Maximum shear and bending stresses
(i) Maximum share stress occurs at neutral axis of beam.
Maximum shear force Fxy  18.67 kN at x  12 m

Qmax  A1* y1  A2* y2  100  25  31.25  25  18.75  9.375

 82.52 103 mm 3  82.52 106 m3
or (use the portion above N.A.)
Qmax  A3* y3  25  81.25  40.625  82.52 103 mm3  82.52  106 m3
Fxy Qmax 18.67 103 (82.52 106 )
 max  = 6
=8.685 106 Pa=8.685 MPa
I zb 7.096 10 (0.025)
(ii) Maximum bending stress
Maximum bending moment M xz  32.03 kNm at x  12 m , ymax  81.25 mm

M max ymax 32.03 103 (81.25 103 )

 max     366.8 106 Pa  366.8 MPa
Iz 7.096 106

y
25 mm

81.25 mm A3
100 mm
z N.A.

43.75 mm a A2 a
D 25 mm

A1 100 mm

8
Q3

(i) FBD & Equilibrium

L L L

A B C H
TA
D
4D T0 T x

T  TA  T0  TA  T0  T

Torque distribution:

Section AB: TAB  TA ; Section BC: TBC  T0  TA  TBC  TA  T0 ; Section CH: TCH  0

(ii) Polar second moment of area as a function of distance from the fixed end

Linear variation of diameter d  a  bx

At x  0, d  4 D,  a  4 D
At x  3L, d  D,  D  4 D  b(3L)
D D  x 
b  d  4 D  x  4 D 1  
L L  4L 
4 4
    x  4 x 
 Jx  d4   4 D 1     8D 1  
32 32   4 L    4L 

(iii) Deformation boundary conditions: rotation of H with respect to A is zero, i.e.  H / A  0

 C / A  C / B   B / A  0
2L TBC L T
 dx   AB dx  0
L GJ x 0 GJ x
(TA  T0 ) 2 L dx TA L dx

G L
8 D 4 1  4xL 
4

G 
0
8 D 4 1  4xL 
4
0

(iv) Perform a change of variables and integration

x dx
Let z  1  , dz    dx  4 Ldz
4L 4L

L 3 2L 1
At x  0, z  1; At x  L, z  1   ; At x  2 L, z  1  
4L 4 4L 2
9
 (TA  T0 ) 0.5 4 Ldz TA 0.75 4 Ldz
 C / A 
G 0.75 8D 4 z 4  G 1 8D 4 z 4  0
(TA  T0 )4 L 0.5 dz TA 4 L 0.75 dz
G8 D 4 0.75 z 4 8GD 4 1 z 4
  0
0.75 1
(TA  T0 ) L  1  T L  1 
4  3
 A 4  3 z 3   0
2GD  3 z  0.5 2GD 0.75

(TA  T0 ) L  1 1  TA L  1 
  1 0
6GD  (0.75) (0.5)  6GD  (0.75)3 
4  3 3 4 

(TA  T0 )(2.3704  8)  TA (1  2.3704)  0

 5.6296TA  5.6296T0  1.3704TA  0
7TA  5.6296T0
 TA  0.8042T0
 T  T0  TA  (1  0.8042)T0  0.1958T0

10
Q4(a). Deformed shape, bending moment distribution, and shear force distribution

Q4(b)

(i) Support reactions

F y  0 : FB  FD  w(1) (1)

M D  0 : M D  FB (2)  w(1)(1.5)  M D  2 FB  1.5w (2)

11
(ii) Singularity functions
y

w N/m

A B C D MD

x
1m 1m 1m

FB FD

When writing singularity function, we select B as the origin.

Load intensify: q  FB  x  1  w  x 0  w  x  1 0  FD  x  2  1  M D  x  2  2 (3)

Shear force: Fxy   FB  x 0  w  x 1  w  x  1 1  FD  x  2 0  M D  x  2  1 (4)

Bending moment:
d 2v w w
M xz  EI z 2  FB  x 1   x  2   x  1  2  FD  x  2 1  M D  x  2 0 (5)
dx 2 2

Slope:
dv FB w w F
EI z   x  2   x 3   x  1 3  D  x  2  2  M D  x  2 1 C1 (6)
dx 2 6 6 2

Deflection:
F w w F M
v  B  x 3   x 4   x  1  4  D  x  2 3  D  x  2  2 C1 x  C2 (7)
6 24 24 6 2

(iii) Boundary conditions

At x  0, v  0,  C2  0
dv F w w
At x  2,  0  B (2) 2  (2)3  (2  1)3  C1  0
dx 2 6 6

4 w 7
 2 FB  w   C1  0  C1  w  2 FB (8)
3 6 6

FB w w 7 
At x  2, v  0  (2)3  (2) 4  (2  1) 4   w  2 FB  (2)  0
6 24 24  6 
4 FB 2 w w 7
    w  4 FB  0
3 3 24 3
41
 FB  w (9)
64

41 23
Substitute into (1) FD  w  w w (10)
64 64
 41   3 41  7
Substitute (9) into (2) M D  1.5w  2 FB  1.5w  2  w      w  w
 64   2 32  32

12
Q4(c) Deflection of left-hand end of the beam at A.

From (8), slope at B is given by C1

7 7  41   7 41  1  7 41  1  112  123 
C1  w  2 FB  w  2  w      w     w   w
6 6  64   6 32  2  3 16  2 48 
11
C1   w
96

dv 11
Slope at x  0 is given by EI  C1   w
dx x 0 96
dv C1 11w
 
dx x 0 EI 96 EI

dv  11w 
Deflection at x  1 is v x 1  ( 1)     (1)
dx x 0  96 EI 
11w
Deflection at A 
96 EI

13