Telegram Anatom} neet uestionpaper Flowering Plants Sclerenchyma Parenchyma Collenchyma High refractive index. Comparatively low refractive index. No degifferentiation at all No high refractive index Have ability to Ability to dedifferentiate dedifferentiate and produces is almost absent. secondary meristem. (ji) Complex (Permanent) Tissues A complex permanent tissue is the collection of different types of cells that perform or help to perform a common function. These are the conducting tissues and classified as xylem and phloem. (a) Xylem (Gk. xylos - wood; Nageli, 1858) It is a complex permanent tissue mainly performing the function of conduction of water and solutes from the roots up to the top of plants. Simultaneously, it provides strength to the plants. + Tracheid Procambium Primary lem + Vessel Apical meristem —< xylem fore Vascular cambium ‘Secondary (wood) xylem) * Xyiem parenchyma Xylem: origin and components Components of Xylem The components of xylem are discussed below Bordered pits Ray tells Xylem Parenchyma Tracheids These are thin-walled Iving cals, store food material and help in lateral conduction of water. Ray parenchyma cell help in ‘conduction af water. Xylem Fibres ‘Also known as xylem sclerenchyma, They are long, narrow and tapering | [1 at both the ends. These K provide mechanical support and have wall pts (simple) These are 5-6 mm long dead cells with wide lumen. The inner wal have various thickenings to provide ‘mechanical strength. It constitutes {90-95% wood in gymnosperms and 5% wood in angiosperms, im around Pitted secondary wall inner side of vessel (which eerie is the remains, Tracheae (xylem vessels) Sine oul ‘These cells perform same functions as tracheld, but they fare much elongated, These are formed by the fusion of short wide and thick-walled vessel elements simple perforation plate) Pitted secondary wall Xylem components