(1.5 Unik & ‘Topic F oO Question 5 Number: 4 (ap(i) lumber: 2 4 (ay(ii) 1, to regenerate the {hydrogen carriers un} / oxidise(reduced na) 2, NAD' does not become limiting / eq ; 3. so that glycolysis can continue ; 4, to allow ATP to be formed (during glycolysis) ; 2 4 (by(i) 1. (Tate is {constandy/ steady / eq} for the first 6 minutes ; 2, rate {slows / decreases} from {6 to 14 minutes / for next 8 minutes} ; 3. no respiration from 14 - 20 minutes'/ eq; 4, manipulation of figures e.g. calculation of rate for first 6 minutes; . | 3 00-36 = 6 BZ (ed ke) 4 (byt) rate is constant (throughout the 20 / rate is slower in sucrose_than in glucose (in first 6 to 8 minutes) (respiration does not stop 31m ¢ux7ow 1 4 (byt) 1. to prevent oxygen entering (solution) / keep conditions anaerobic ; 2. to post TTC being {oxidised / decolourised} / no TTC would be reduced 2 Scanned with CamScannerQuestion | Answer Mark Number 4 (by(iv) 4. maintain constant temperature / eq j, 2. respiration produces heat (energy) 5, 3. change of temperature will affect rate of enzyme activity 5 Coc oo max 2 4, idea that the experiment can be performed in 20 minutes ; Scanned with CamScannerJune 2005 GCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Core - 6104 Question 3 Maximum mark (a) (b) (c) 1. He {binds to / picked up by} {NAD / FAD} ; 2. (Reduced coenzyme) passes H+ to {electron transport chain / carriers} ; WED FED ae 3. In the {inner mitochondrial membrane / cristae} ; 4. He passed into inter membrane space ; ming ewergy i eheshres eo 5. Pass back through {ATPase /stalked particles}; fein oltchr chemical venudise 6. ADP + Pi ATP; 7. Reference toGxidative phosphorylation 2 Gao fs 8. Reference to{chemiosmosis; H’ gradient} ; eeominrensewn. | 4 marks 20; 1 mark @ 12; 1 mark w@ Krebs cycle only occurs under aerobic conditions ; — ee 2. Reference to formation of reduced (NAD / FAD} (in Krebs) ; 3. (This) has to be reoxidised 3 H accephi 4, Oxygen acts as electron acceptor / eq; “ep for 5. Idea that {electron transport chain occur} ; 6. ¢ 3 marks Total 9 marks Scanned with CamScannerJune 2003 Question 7 (a) (b) (c) @) qi) 1 5. 6102 Unit 2B. Mark Scher Maximum mark To {absorb / remove / take up} carbon dioxide ; 1 mark To move liquid in capillary tube / calibrate scale / set zero / reset ; 1 mark Reference to {greater movement / eq} at 30 °C (than at 24 °C) ; [accept converse] Credit any quantitative manipulated difference (e.g. difference of 40 mm at 24°C, 76 mm at 30 °C) ; 2 marks Reference to keeping temperature constant : by water bath Find volume of oxygen used / measure distance moved on scale ; seem kale ET a eye In a known time / reference to recording time ; Rate = {volume of oxygen / distance moved on scale} + time / plot a graph and find gradient ; ; Distance moved indicates volume of oxygen used ; ee eee 3 marks Total 7 marks 44 Scanned with CamScanner® 6102 Unit 2B Mark Scheme wre ES seestion 7 Maximum mark 1 81 Spongy (tissue) / spongy mesophylt ; 1 mark st. Large surface area ; 2. Cells irregular in shape ; “3. Reference to air spaces ; Thin (cell) walls (increase rate of diffusion); « ¥ difsion distance. Reference to diffusion (of gases) ; soegeee Ee 3 marks oa That the volumes are the same / eq; 1 mark ay Difference * 7 (cm’) ; Calculation mark (7 + 3); = 2.3 cm? (per day); [allow CE] [Reference to cm? once for full marks) [2.3 cm’, with no working = 1 mark only) 3 marks Total 8 marks Scanned with CamScannerGCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Option C - 6104/03 January 2006 Question 1 Maximum mark (a) (i) Oxidative phosphorylation / electron transport chain / eq ; 1 mark (ii) 1. Oxidoreductase / dehydrogenase / oxidase ; 2. Transfers {hydrogen / electrons} (from one carrier to another) ; 2 marks (b) 4. {Reduces / combines with} oxygen ;, 2. Combines with H’ (and e’) ; 3. To form water ; gases = pc 2 marks Total 5 marks Scanned with CamScannergene Ane Unt Ace Question | Answer Mark Number 2ayli) pyruvate / pyruvic acid ; (1) Question] Answer Mark Number 2(ay(ii) 1, (stage) 1; 2. (stage) 3; (2) Question | Answer Mark Number, 2(b)(i) | a {series / sequence / eq} of (chemical) reactions / each step is controtled by an enzyme / product of one reaction is the substrate for the next /eq; (1) oe Question] Answer Mark Number 2(b)(ii) | matrix of a mitochondrion ; (1) Question | Answer Mark Number, 2c) (stages) B, C, D (and) F ; (1) Scanned with CamScannergue 08 Us Question | Answer Mark Number 6 41. increases; 2. decreases; 3. increases; eavery Kee v 4, increases; (4) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion Number Answer Mark 7a) . {surfactants / eq} - to reduce surface tension / prevent collapse ; . {thin walls / flattened cells / thin endothelium / eq} - {reduces diffusion distance / speeds up {gas exchange / diffusion} } ; . large surface area - {more / faster} {gas exchange / diffusion} ; . moist - allows gases to dissolve (and move across) ; max @) Question Number, ‘Answer Mark 7(b) + stimulus e.g. {carbon dioxide / pH levels / H’} in the blood ; . reference to stretch receptors / chemo receptors ; . reference to medulla (oblongata) ; . reference to inspiratory centres / expiratory centres ; |. reference to change in frequency of nerve impulses ; . down the phrenic nerve / intercostal nerves; . tothe { diaphram 1 intercostal muscles } ; max @) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion Number, ‘Answer Mark 8(a) 1. reference to increase in aortic pressure ; Adecteg bu 2. reference to baroreceptors ; 3. inthe aortic arch / eq ; 4. results in decrease in cardiac output / rate of heart beat ; 5. due to suppression of SAN / eq; 6. (and due to) delay at AVN / eq; 7. reference to {release of acetylcholine / vagus nerve parasympathetic nerve} ; max (4) Question Number Answer Mark 8(b)(i) 1. both increase / eq; 2. linearly / eq; 3. systolic pressure increases more than diastolic pressure / converse ; 4, diastolic pressure never rises above systolic pressure / converse ; 5. manipulation of figures to compare the increases ; max @) Scanned with CamScannerQuestion] Answer Mark Number 8(b) (ii) 1. reference to a need to change heart rate to change cardiac output ; 2, idea that heart rate/cardiac output can be changed by exercise / eq 5 3, suitable example of {exercise/stimulus} named ; ‘ffx! 4. reference to use of sphygmomanometer (to measure blood pressure); 5. reference to positioning cuff on upper arm ; 6. reference to recording both (the diastolic and systolic) pressures each time ; 7. idea that same individual needs to be used max throughout ;~ (4) Scanned with CamScanner‘Mark Question Answer Number 9ay(i) 4. correct readings (38 (QQ) aa 39-4 yigole 333% fe =!9x100 ke ‘ 2. correct subtraction multiplied by 1007 3D 4 3. divided by lower reading to give correct answer ; @) Question | Answer Mark Number ae. 9a) 1. men with high body fat levellmore likely to have high blood cholesterol /eq; * 2. idea that high fat diet/likely to have more cholesterol / ew ieee “qe iver ore, 3. (men doing {little / no} exercise) likely to have a high body fat /€q ; i : Pees max 4. idea that calorie intake is greater than calorie use; | (3) Question] Answer Mark Number 9b) 4. {grasp /pinch / eq} skin ; 2. reference to use of (skinfold) callipers ; 3. idea of measuring thickness of fold (from calipers); 4. name two suitable sites e.g. waist / front upper arm / back upper arm / below shoulder blade; 5. reference to taking more than one reading from each site ; max 6. compare to tables of data / eq ; @) Scanned with CamScanner| © Unit 4 Option C; Human health and fitness a h plasma cholesterol / hypertension / cigarette smoking ; Coronary ; Plaques / atheroma; Clots / thrombi ; Oxygen / blood ; Death / necrosis ; c2(a) (b) © ! (Total 6 marks) 35x 1500; = 52 600 cm? /52.2 dm’; ! (2 marks) Number of breaths increases more rapidly with increase in exercise intensity ; At high intensities lungs are almost fully inflated ; No further inspiratory reserve volume ; i (3 marks) Two factors for 1 mark from: Carbon dioxide concentration ; Oxygen concentration / altitude ; pH; Blood pressure ; Hormones / adrenaline ; Sleep / higher centres in brain ; (1 mark) (Total 6 marks) C3(a) (b) © (d) A=tband; B=Aband; (2 marks) Myosin; (1 mark) Accuracy of myosi Accuracy of actin ; (2 marks) Increases size / cross sectional area of muscle ; Increase in’size of muscle fibres ; Increase in number / size of myofibrils ; Increase in amount of preteins / myosin; : (3 marks) (Total 6 marks) 28 Scanned with CamScannerTere eras June 2005 GCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Core - 6104 Question 1 Maximum mark (@) Feature | Nervous coordination Hormonal coordination Electrical / falong neurones /eq}/ 25 | Chemical / in the blood | ; action potential 5 Fast Slow ; Short Long , [one mark for each correct row] 3 marks (b) Idea that hormones and neurotransmitters are both chemicals OR Reference to use of receptors ; 1 mark Total 4 marks Scanned with CamScannerJune 2005 Question 3 @ 1 (b) (co) (i) (ii) 1. GCE Biology / Biology (Hurnan) Unit 4 Core - 6104 Maximum mark H+ {binds to / picked up by} {NAD / FAD} ; (Reduced coenzyme) passes H+ to {electron transport chain / carriers} ; In the {inner mitochondrial membrane / cristae} ; H+ passed into inter membrane space ; Pass back through {ATPase /stalked particles} ; ADP + Pi > ATP; Reference to oxidative phosphorylation ; Reference to {chemiosmosis / H’ gradient} ; 4 marks 20; 1 mark 12; 1 mark Krebs cycle only occurs under aerobic conditions ; Reference to formation of reduced {NAD / FAD} (in Krebs) ; (This) has to be reoxidised ; Idea that {electron transport chain won’t work / oxidative phosph fer xidative phosphorylation can’t If no oxygen {H+ / acetyl coA} would accumulate ; 3 marks Total 9 marks Scanned with CamScannerJune 2005 Question 6 (a) (b) (c) (i) (ii) GCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Option C - 6104/03 fim = (00 6 (Gin > 10mm = 1000 Au. Maximum mark. Tusa Ulm (090% 1 mark Z line / band ; [ignore actin] 1 mark iha09 LFA ae Correct measurement divided by 1.6 ; Conversion tom and correct answer; 2e00 2 marks {Strands / fibres} of (fresh) meat / eq ; In Ringer's solution; 45 Saflbx mnen!” Place on (microscope) slide / eq ; Record {length before and after / change in length} ; Add (1 drop of) ATP (solution) ; Reference touse of fontraly without’ ATF Hinulas sing five election 3 marks € ge Total 7 marks Scanned with CamScannerJune 2005 Question 8 (a) (b) (c) GCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Option C - 6104/03, Maximum mark Release of adrenalin causing anticipatory rise / eq ; Increased exercise / increased (rate of) respiration ; Increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood / pH of blood lowered / eq; a RS aa a Detected by chemoreceptors ; In {carotid / aortic} body ; {Stimulate / eq} breathing centres in medulla ; aa “tderoabl A ‘costal muscles / along phrenic nerve} ; Increase in rate of {contraction / relaxation} ; [Accept converse for any marking point] 4 marks Small rise (beginning 2 minutes) before exercise starts ; {Rapid / steep / sharp} increase {in / during} first 2 minutes (of exercise) / eq ; After {first 2 minutes (of exercise) / eq} slower increase / eq ; 2 minutes before exercise increase by 8 dm? min‘ / first 2 minutes of exercise increases by 80 dm’ min’ / 8 to 16 minutes of exercise increases by 24 dm? min"! / eqs 3 marks Ventilation rate {goes higher / rises more steeply} ; —— {Longer / slowér} {recovery / return to normal level} : — wear 2 marks Total 9 marks Scanned with CamScannerVv GCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Core - 6104 June 2005 Question 1 Maximum mark @) Feature | Nervous coordination Hormonal coordination Electrical / {along neurones / eq}/ 85 | chemical / in the blood |; action potential Fast Slow ; Short Long 3 [one mark for each correct row] 3 marks (b) Idea that hormones and neurotransmitters are both chemicals oR Reference to use of receptors ; 1 mark Total 4 marks Scanned with CamScannerGCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Core - 6104 June 2005 Question 2 Maximum mark (a) Adrenaline / epinephrine ; 1 mark (b) 1. Muscles will be {working harder / contracting more} (during the exercise) ; 2, Respiration will be greater (in the muscle cells) ; 3. To produce ATP (for increased contraction) ; 4, (Glycogen is broken down into) glucose ; 5. (Glucose) will be produced where it is going to be needed ; 6. {More efficient / eq} than transporting glucose (to the muscle) ; r 4 marks © Insulin 5 1 mark Total 6 marks Scanned with CamScannerJanuary 2006 GCE Biology / Biology (Human) Unit 4 Option C - 6104/03 Question 2 Maximum mark (a) (i) Arrow correctly positioned ; 1 mark (ii) 1. {Axon / nerve fibre} has a (myelin) sheath around it ; 2. Made of {many layers of membrane / phospholipids/lipid} ; ¢ 3. Reference to°Schwann cells ; 4, Reference to electrical insulation ; 5. Reference to nodes of Ranvier /eq ; 2 marks (iii) Increases (speed of conduction) /eq; 1 mark (b) + 1. Clear resting potential drawn at -60 mV peaking at +35 mV ; 2. Correct shape including hyperpolarisation and return to resting potential ; 2 marks Total 6 marks Scanned with CamScanner