PIPING HANDBOOK

Mohinder L. Nayyar, P.E.

ASME Fellow
The sixth edition of this Handbook was edited by
Mohindar L. Nayyar, P.E.
The fifth edition of this Handbook was edited by
Reno C. King, B.M.E, M.M.E., D.Sc., P.E.
Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Assistant Dean,
School of Engineering and Science, New York University
Registered Professional Engineer

The first four editions of this Handbook were edited by

Sabin Crocker, M.E.
Fellow, ASME: Registered Professional Engineer

Seventh Edition

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Nayyar, Mohinder L.
Piping handbook / [edited by] Mohinder L. Nayyar.—7th ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-07-047106-1
1. Pipe—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Pipe-fitting—Handbooks,
manuals, etc. I. Nayyar, Mohinder L.

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 HONORS LIST
CONTRIBUTORS

Robert B. Adams, President & CEO, Expansion Seal Technologies, 334 Godshall Drive,
Harleysville, PA 19438-2008 (CHAP. B14)
Charles L. Arnold, Principal Pipeline Consultant, 716 Hillside Avenue, Albany, CA 94706
(CHAP. C5)

Joel E. Aschenbrand, James S. Merritt Company, Lizell Building, Suite 202, P. O. Box 707,
Montgomeryville, PA 18936-0707 (CHAP. C14)
Daniel R. Avery, Technical Marketing Manager, Wyman-Gordon Forgings, Inc., Cameron
Forged Product Division, P. O. Box 40456, Houston, TX 77240-0456 (CHAP. A5)
Dr. Chakrapani Basavaraju, Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. B4 AND APPS. E2 AND E2M)
Dr. Hans D. Baumann, Fisher Controls International, Inc., Portsmouth, NH 03801 (CHAP. A10)
A. R. Belair, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44, Tonawanda, NY 14150-
2053 (CHAP. C8)
Paul A. Bourquin, Formerly Senior Vice President, Wolff & Munier, Inc., 50 Broadway,
Hawthorne, NY 10532 (CHAP. C4)
Thomas J. Bowling, P.E., Manager, Pipe Repair Product Line, Team Environmental Ser-
vices, Inc., Alvin, TX 77512 (CHAP. B14)
Gordon Britton, President, Integra Technologies Limited, 1355 Confederation Street, Sarnia,
Ontario, N7T7J4, Canada (CHAP. A7)
Charles A. Bullinger, Formerly Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. B3)
Joseph H. Casiglia, P.E. Consulting Engineer, Piping, Detroit Edison, 2000 Second Ave.,
Detroit, MI 48226 (CHAP. B2)
R. C. Cipolla, Cryogenic Equipment Engineer, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O.
Box 44, Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Alton B. Cleveland, Jr., President, Jacobus Technology, Inc., 7901 Beech Craft Ave., Gaith-
ersburg, MD 20879 (CHAP. B3)
Kenneth R. Collier, Systems Engineer, Pittsburgh Corning, 800 Presque Isle Drive, Pitts-
burgh, PA 15239 (CHAP. B7)
Sabin Crocker, Jr., P.E. 307 Claggett Drive, Rockville, MD 20851 (CHAP. B1)

Richard E. Deremiah, P.E., Project Manager, Price Brothers Company, 367 West Second
Avenue, Dayton, OH 45402 (CHAPS. A8 AND B9)
R. Peter Deubler, P.E., Technical Director, Fronek Company, Inc., 15 Engle Street, Engle-
wood, NJ 07631 (APP. E6)
Lorenzo DiGiacomo, Jr., Senior Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. B5)
C. J. Erickson, Engineering Consultant, Retired from E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Co.,
P.O. Box 6090, Newark, DE 19714-6090 (CHAP. B6)

xi
xii HONORS LIST

Michael B. Ferg, Marketing Engineer, Crane Resistoflex Company, One Quality Way, Mar-
ion, NC 28752 (CHAP. B12)
Peter H. O. Fischer, Manager, Pipeline Operations, Bechtel Corporation, P.O. Box 193965,
50 Beale Street, San Francisco, CA 94119 (CHAP. C6)
Theodore F. Fisher, Process Engineer, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44,
Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Russell P. Fleming, P.E., Vice President Engineering, National Fire Sprinkler Association,
Inc., Robin Hill Corporate Park, Route 22, P. O. Box 1000, Patterson, NY 12563 (CHAP. C2)
Phillip D. Flenner, P.E., Staff Engineer Welding, Consumer Energy, Palisades Nuclear Plant,
27780 Blue Star Highway, Covert, MI 49043-9530 (CHAP. C10)
Michael Frankel, CIPE, 56 Emerson Road, Somerset, NJ 08873 (CHAPS. C13, C15, C16 AND C17)
Michael G. Gagliardi, Manager, Raytheon Engineers & Constructors, 160 Chubb Avenue,
Lyndhurst, NJ 07071 (CHAPS. C1 AND APP. E4)
Dr. William E. Gale, P.E., Bundy, Gale & Shields, 44 School Terrace, Novato, CA 94945
(CHAP. C10)

Ramesh L. Gandhi, Chief Slurry Engineer, Bechtel Corporation, P.O. Box 193965, 50 Beale
Street, San Francisco, CA 94119 (CHAP. C11)
Lucy A. Gebhart, Pipeline Engineer, Bechtel Corporation, P.O. Box 193965, 50 Beale Street,
San Francisco, CA 94119 (CHAP. C5)
Ervin L. Geiger, P.E., Engineering Supervisor, Bechtel Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. A2, APPS. E1 AND E3)
Edward F. Gerwin, Life Fellow ASME, 1515 Grampian Boulevard, Williamsport, PA 17701
(CHAP. A6)

Ronald W. Haupt, P.E., Senior Consultant, Pressure Piping Engineering Assoc., 291 Puffin
Court, Foster City, CA 94404-1318 (CHAP. C10)
Louis E. Hayden, Jr., Divisional Operations Manager, Victaulic Company of America, 4901
Kesslersville Road, Easton, PA 18040 (CHAP. A9)
Jill M. Hershey, Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703 (APP. E5)
J. K. Howell, Cold Box Engineer, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44,
Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Vincent C. Ionita, Senior Engineering Specialist, 5275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
(CHAP. C14)

David Jentzsch, General Manager, Blair Rubber Company, 1252 Mina Avenue, Akron, OH
44321 (CHAP. B11)
John M. Kalnins, Crane Resistoflex Company, 4675 E. Wilder Road, Bay City, MI 48706
(CHAP. B12)

J. Alan Kehr, Technical Marketing Manager, 3M Company, 3M Austin Center, Building

A147-4N-02, 6801 River Place Boulevard, Austin, TX 78726-9000 (CHAP. B10)
Dr. Ashok L. Lagvankar, Vice President, Earth Tech., 3121 Butterfield Road, Oak Brook,
IL 60523 (CHAP. C12)
Richard K. Lewis, Executive Vice President, Blair Rubber Company, 1252 Mina Avenue,
Akron, OH 44321 (CHAP. B11)
Louis J. Liberatore, Staff Engineer, Raytheon Engineers & Constructors, 160 Chubb Avenue,
Lyndhurst, NJ 07071 (CHAP. C1 AND APP. E4)
 HONORS LIST xiii

Alfred Lohmeier, Materials Engineer, Formerly Vice President, Stanitomo Corporation of

America, 345 Park Ave., New York, NY 10154 (CHAP. A5)
Michael J. Lockett, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44, Tonawanda, NY
14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Joseph T. Lonsdale, Director of Engineering, Dryden Engineering Company, Fremont, CA
94063 (CHAP. B6)
Lawrence D. Lynch, Engineering Supervisor, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. B3)
Carl E. Martin, Director Marketing, Fibercast Company, P.O. Box 968, Sand Springs, Okla-
homa 74063-0968 (CHAP. D2)
Timothy J. McGrath, Principal, Simpson, Gumpertz & Heger, Inc., 297 Broadway, Arling-
ton, MA 02174-5310 (CHAP. D1)
Stanley A. Mruk, 115 Grant Avenue, New Providence, NJ 07974 (CHAP. D1)

Rod T. Mueller, Engineering Standards Coordinator, Exxon Research & Engineering Co.,
180 Park Avenue, Florham Park, NJ 07932 (CHAP. C7)
Mohinder L. Nayyar, P.E., ASME Fellow, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAPS. A1, A4, AND A10)
Alan D. Nance, A. D. Nance Associates, Inc., 4545 Glenda Lane, Evans, GA 30809-3215
(CHAP. C10)

Kathleen Posteraro, Systems Engineer, Pittsburgh Corning, 800 Presque Isle Drive, Pitts-
burgh, PA 15239 (CHAP. B7)
Anthony Paulin, President, Anthony Research Group, 25211 Gregan’s Mill Road, Suite 315,
Spring, TX 77380-2924 (APP. E9)
Akhil Prakash, P.E., Supervisor Engineer, 12741 King Street, Overland Park, KS 66213 (APPS.
E7 AND E8)

William V. Richards, P.E., 4 Court of Fox River Valley, Lincolnshire, IL 60069 (CHAP. C9)

Chet Sandberg, Chief Engineer, Raychem Corporation, 300 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park,
CA 94025-1164 (CHAP. B6)
Robert E. Serb, P.E., Pressure Piping Engineering Assoc., 291 Puffin Court, Foster City,
CA 94404-1318 (CHAP. C10)
Troy J. Skillen, Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703 (APPS. E3M AND E4M)
Soami D. Suri, P.E., Senior Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (APP. E10)
Jon R. Stinson, Supervisor, Engineering, Lisega, Inc., 375 West Main Street, Newport, TN
37821 (CHAP. B5)
Dr. William Saifung Sun, Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (CHAP. B4)
Dr. Tadeusz J. Swierzawski, 50 Chandler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 (CHAP. B8)

James M. Tanzosh, Supervisor, Materials Engineering, Babcock & Wilcox Co., 20 S. Van
Buren Ave., Barberton, OH 44203 (CHAP. A3)
N. P. Theophilos, Standards Manager, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44,
Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Daniel A. Van Duyne, 206 Nautilus Drive, Apt. No. 107, New London, CT 06320 (CHAP. C3)
xiv HONORS LIST

John P. Velon, Vice President, Harza Engineering Company, Sears Towers, 233 South
Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606-6392 (CHAP. C11)
Mohammed N. Vohra, Consulting Engineer, 9314 Northgate Road, Laurel, MD 20723
(CHAP. C4)

Norman H. White, Applications Engineer, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box
44, Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Raymond Dale Woodward, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box 44, Tona-
wanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Robert Zawierucba, Materials Engineer, PRAXAIR, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, P.O. Box
44, Tonawanda, NY 14150-2053 (CHAP. C8)
Christopher G. Ziu, 7 Douglas Street, Merrimack, NH 03054 (CHAP. B13)

REVIEWERS

Harry A. Ainsworth, S.P.E., Consultant, 4 Maple Avenue, Sudbury, MA 01776-344

Karen L. Baker, Senior Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Dr. C. Basavaraju, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Robert Burdick, Bassett Mechanical, P. O. Box 755, Appleton, WI 54912-0755
Richard E. Chambers, Principal, Simpson, Gumpertz & Hager, Inc., 297 Broadway, Arling-
ton, MA 02174
Sabin Crocker, Jr., P.E., 307 Claggett Drive, Rockville, MD 20878. Formerly Project Engi-
neer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Donald R. Frikken, P.E., Engineering Fellow, Solutia, Inc. 10300 Olive Boulevard, St. Louis,
MO 63141-7893
E. L. Geiger, P.E. Engineering Supervisor, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703
James Gilmore, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Evans C. Goodling, Jr., P.E., Consulting Engineer, Parsons Energy & Chemical Group,
2675 Morgantown Road, Reading, PA 19607-9676
John Gruber, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Charles Henley, Engineering Supervisor, Black & Veach, 8400 Ward Parkway, P. O. Box
8405, Kansas City, MO 64114
Jill M. Hershey, Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703
Michele L. Jocelyn, P.E., Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
H. Steven Kanofsky, P.E., Principal Civil Engineer, Washington Suburban Sanitary Com-
mission, 14501 Sweitzer Lane, Laurel, MD 20707 (CHAP. C1)
James Kunze, Vice President, P.E., Earth Tech., 1020 North Broadway, Milwaukee, WI
53202
 HONORS LIST xv

Donald J. Leininger, 7810 College View Court, Roanoke, VA 24019-4442

Jimmy E. Meyer, Middough Association, Inc., 1910E 13th Street, Suite 300, Cleveland, OH
44114-3524
Ronald G. McCutcheon, Senior Design Engineer, Mechanical Systems & Equipment Depart-
ment, Ontario Hydro Nuclear, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G1X6
Mohinder L. Nayyar, ASME Fellow, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703
Ann F. Paine, P.E., Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Soami D. Suri, P.E., Senior Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (APP. E10)
Henry R. Sonderegger, P.E., Engineering Manager, Research and Development Center,
1467 Elmwood Avenue, Cranston, RI 02910
George W. Spohn, III, Executive Vice President, Coleman Spohn Corporation, 1775 E. 45th
Street, Cleveland, OH 44103-2318
Kristi Vilminot, Engineering Supervisor, Black & Veach, 2200 Commonwealth Boulevard,
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Mahmood Naghash, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 West-
view Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Ralph W. Rapp, Jr., Senior Staff Engineer, Shell Oil Product Company, P. O. Box 2099,
Houston, TX 77252-2099.
Gursharan Singh, Engineering Supervisor, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Walter M. Stephan, Engineering Manager, Flexitallic, Inc., 1300 Route 73, Suite 311, Mt.
Laurel, NJ 08054
Dr. Jagdish K. Virmani, Senior Engineering Specialist, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275
Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Charles Webb, Application Engineer, Ameron, P. O. Box 878, Burkburnett, TX 76354
Horace E. Wetzell, Jr., Vice President, The Smith & Oby Company, 6107 Carnegie Avenue,
Cleveland, OH 44103

TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

Michelle A. Clay, Project Administrator, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703
Rohit Goel, Piping Engineer, Bechtel India Limited, 249A Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurgaon-
122015, Haryana, India
Jill M. Hershey, Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703
Dheeraj Modawel, Piping Engineer, Bechtel India Limited, 249A Udyog Vihar, Phase IV,
Gurgaon-122015, Haryana, India
Darya Nabavian, Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive, Freder-
ick, MD 21703
xvi HONORS LIST

Sandeep Singh, Piping Engineer, Bechtel India Limited, 249A Udyog Vihar, Phase IV,
Gurgaon-122015, Haryana, India
Troy J. Skillen, Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive,
Frederick, MD 21703
M. C. Stapp, Project Administrator, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview Drive, Fred-
erick, MD 21703
Soami D. Suri, P.E., Senior Mechanical Engineer, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 Westview
Drive, Frederick, MD 21703 (APP. E10)
James Kenyon White, Administrative Supervisor, Bechtel Power Corporation, 5275 West-
view Drive, Frederick, MD 21703
Dolly Pollen, 656 Quince Orchard Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
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