Human Anatomy and Physiology w/ Pathophysiology

Unit 1/ Human Anaphy, Marieb & Hoehn 10th ed.

Basic Anatomical Terminology  supports head and attaches it to the

trunk
Body Positions Trunk
Anatomical Position  chest
 standard position of reference use as  abdomen
basis in the description of any region or  pelvis
part of the human body

Body Positions
Upper limb
 attaches to the trunk
 shoulder
 armpit
 arm (shoulder to elbow)
Supine position  forearm (elbow to wrist)
 body lying faceup  wrist
 hand
Prone position Lower limb
 body lying facedown  attaches to the trunk
 buttock
 thigh (buttock to knee)
 leg (knee to ankle)
 ankle
 foot
Groin
 front surface of the body marked by
crease on each side
 where trunk attaches to thigh
 singit

Regional Names Anatomical and common names of parts

Principal regions
 head
 neck trunk
 upper limbs
 lower limbs

Head (cephalic)
 skull (cranial)
o encloses and protects the brain
 face (facial)
o front portion of the head that
includes the eyes (orbital or ocular),
nose, mouth, forehead (frontal),
cheeks, and chin
Neck

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Human Anatomy and Physiology w/ Pathophysiology
Unit 1/ Human Anaphy, Marieb & Hoehn 10th ed.

Ex: armpit is axillar, thus axillary nerve is one of

the nerves that is passing within the armpit

Directional Terms
 words that describe the position of one
body part relative to another
* Some are grouped in pairs that have opposite
meaning [anterior: front | posterior: back]
Directional Term
Superior Upper part
(cephalic or
cranial)
Inferior Lower part
(caudal)
Anterior Front
(ventral)
Posterior back
(dorsal)
medial Near the midline
Planes and Sections
Lateral Away from the middle
*Study parts relative to planes (imaginary flat
Intermediate Between 2 structures surfaces that pass through body parts)
Ipsilateral On the same side of the body *Midline- imaginary vertical line that divides the
as another structure body equally into left and right sides
Contralateral On the opposite side of the **Sagittal, frontal, transverse planes: a;; right
body from another structure angle to one another
Proximal Nearer to the attachment of a
limb to the trunk Sagittal plane
 sagitt = arrow
Nearer to the origination of  vertical plane that divides the body/
the structure organ to right and left sides
Distal Farther to the attachment of a
limb to the trunk Midsagittal plane/ Median plane
 plane passes through the midline of
Farther to the origination of body/organs
the structure  divides it equally into right and left sides
Superficial Towards/ on the surface of
(external) the body Parasagittal plane
Deep Away from the surface of the  para = near
(internal) body  the plane does not pass through the
midline
 divides it unequally into left and right
side

Frontal/ coronal plane

 corono = crown
 divides the body/organ into anterior and
posterior portions

Transverse plane
 divides the body/ organ into superior
and inferior portions
 also called cross-sectional or horizontal
plane

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Human Anatomy and Physiology w/ Pathophysiology
Unit 1/ Human Anaphy, Marieb & Hoehn 10th ed.

Oblique plane
 passes through the body at an oblique
angle (any angle other than 90 degrees)

Plane Section through Different Body Parts of Body Cavities

the Brain  spaces that enclose internal organs
Section  bones, muscles, ligaments separate the
 cut of the body or one of its organs various body cavities from each other
made along one of the planes

Cranial cavity
 contains the brain
 formed by cranial bones

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Human Anatomy and Physiology w/ Pathophysiology
Unit 1/ Human Anaphy, Marieb & Hoehn 10th ed.

Vertebral (spinal) canal

 contains the spinal cord (bones from C1
to L1) and beginning of spinal nerves
 formed by vertebral column

Body Positions
Anatomical Position

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