CODE 065 – DESIGN 7

REQUIREMENT: RSW 1 - MT
TITLE: COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
DATE GIVEN: SEPTEMBER 29, 2022
DATE DUE: OCTOBER 09, 2022
REFERENCES:
National Building Code of the Philippines
BP 344
Commercial Establishment Design Standards – NCPZ
11-18-5: Commercial building design standards: American Legal Publishing
Corporation.
Time Saver Standards 2nd Edition – Building Types (Commercial)
Metric Handbook Planning & Design data
Neufert Architect’s Data 4th edition

DATUL JADE, B. AR. MA. KATRINA FORTIN

0|Page
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

I. INTRODUCTION 2
II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 3
III. DEFINITION OF TERMS 4
IV. DESIGN CONCEPT 7
V. DESIGN ILLUSTRATION/INSPIRATION 8
VI. DESIGN GUIDELINES 15
VII. LAWS (NATIONAL) 16
VIII. LAWS (INTERNATIONAL) 19
IX. REFERENCES 20

1|Page
I. INTRODUCTION

Commerce is the art of selling and buying goods, the concept of trade is passed-on and
still developing, dates back in the ancient Greece Civilization where “Agora” as their public space
and where commerce is flourished and was essentially a shopping centre in the heart of the
business district. The development of Commerce simultaneously with architecture, in today’s
time, with the context of human needs and wants, the demand for different commercial spaces is
rising due to the increase of residence in a town or city, but because of the crowding of cities for
their role to be the centre of trade, spaces for buildings awaiting to be erected is limited.

The rapid development of urbanization is one of the reasons of shortage of lands for other
types of buildings to build on, the fact that lands for commercial spaces is shortening while the
population is rising, merchants that wishes to satisfy the needs and meet the demands of their
costumers is setting up their buildings in the suburbs. With the appearance of Commercial
Buildings in an area, both the merchant/investor and the people in that area meets their needs,
as they also conserve the use of space for future expansions of buildings, Shopping Complex is
presented to maximize the use of the lot as it is consist of different commercial spaces. With such
commercial building, it is to give satisfaction and maximum shopping to the users.

Roman’s atrium can still be seen in the present complexes. With relative to time
architecture seems changing in the field of trade but the major components of complexes are
same. One of today’s feature is designing the interior to achieve comfort for its users. Equipped
with a variety of stalls/stores, and leisure components too, to attract more consumer. As it gives
the people the needs, it create a significant impact to the environment and the community, as it
handles a large number of people included in the trade system, the building should also promote
a healthy and clean atmosphere and environment.

2|Page
II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A great reason to start business is that the consumer market is stronger than before,
commerce is important in way that it helps satisfy the needs and wants of the people. With regards
to the increase of population of people in any area along with their demand of a maximum
shopping experience of variety of products and services in the commerce, the introduction of
shopping complex will satisfies their needs. What consist of the demand in building a shopping
complex is the purchasing power that is relatively high and the average income per family, this is
what most of merchants wants in order to meet the demand.

There is often an intricate relationship between architecture and the environment, studying
the characteristics and behaviour of the environment in the most detailed and technical way is
one of the reason in making the most functional and user friendly building providing comfort and
ease, in connection with the shopping complex, one drive force of building the project is to address
the lack of economic progress and the peoples living standards.

Erecting a Commercial complex makes a significant impact to the community, boosting

the local economy, more business opportunities, and jobs for the people, and serving the
community and increasing the standards of living. By starting to make more business
opportunities, it creates a more competitive economy, for that reason, it attracts more local and
foreign merchants/investor and helps the improvement of the country’s overall economic standing.
In addition to that, as it helps the people to have jobs because of the country’s growing labor
force, they help reduce poverty and stimulate economic development not only in the centre of
where the commerce is but also in rural areas that is waiting to be improve.

3|Page
III. DEFINITION OF TERMS

CASH AND CARRY STORES

A self-service wholesale store, especially for groceries, at which customers pay at each visit and
take the goods they have bought away with them.

DRUG STORE WITH SANDWICH AND FOUNTAIN BAR

A store that sells both drugs for medication, and foods.

LAUNDRY AGENCY
Laundry Services means washing, drying, starching, or ironing laundry for a fee. Laundry services
also includes services provided with or incidentally to the rental of clothing, apparel, or other
fabrics.

BEAUTY PARLOR
An establishment in which hairdressing, makeup, and similar cosmetic treatments are carried out
professionally.

BAKESHOP
A stall/place where breads and other pastry products like cake are made or sold; a bakery.

VARIETY STORE
A small to medium store selling a wide range of inexpensive items.

SHOE STORE AND REPAIR

A store exclusive for selling and repairing shoes.

GIFT SHOP
A shop that sells souvenirs and small items suitable to be given as presents.

DRESS, LINGERIE AND HOSIERY SHOP

A shop of clothes exclusive for women. A category of primarily women's clothing including
undergarments.

4|Page
HABERDASHERY AND ATHLETIC SHOP
A haberdashery is a men's clothing shop, or a men's department in a larger store; and store for
an athletic needs.

CANDY NUTS, CIGARETTES, AND TABACCO

A store that is exclusive for people with the need of cigarettes, tobaccos and candy’s that goes
with it.

LIQUOR STORE
A store selling alcoholic drink for consumption elsewhere.

FLORIST SHOP
A shop where flowers and ornamental plants are sold; florist shop, flower store.

APPLIANCES
A retail store devoted to the sale of household equipment such as major and small appliances,
electronic devices, computers, and audio or visual equipment.

BRANCH BANK
The operation of storefront locations away from the institution's home office for the convenience
of customers.

RESTAURANT
A place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the premises.

RECREATION
Business which is operated as a recreational enterprise, either publicly or privately owned, for
profit.

FILLING STATION
A filling station, also known as petrol station or gas station (US), is a facility that sells fuel and
engine lubricants for motor vehicles.

5|Page
ADMINISTRATION OFFICE
Location of the administrative personnel that runs the building or the commercial space.

MAINTENANCE ROOM
Maintenance room means a room for the maintenance of mechanical, electrical, heating and other
building systems.

UTILITIES
A room used for maintenance of the building.

PARKING
A space for vehicles of the visitors shopping in the area, one also intended for the staff and
personnel that works in the commercial spaces.

OPEN PARK
An open space that accessible for the public for recreation.

6|Page
IV. DESIGN CONCEPT

CLASSICAL x CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

Though it seems impossible to jive these two type of architecture style, what this project
aims is the contrasting effect it will bring to the users. With the inspiration from the Agora of the
ancient Greece Civilization, This certain shopping centre will have its exterior designed with the
classical looks of the market coating the present time contemporary architecture inside. The idea
is to present the history of Trade and what it feels like to see and enter a commerce building in
the early times yet receives the comfort of today’s era.

Creating a piece that viewed as a historical building from the outside and feels the
contemporary of today’s time in the inside. One main part of this project is the atrium of the roman
public space, where its serves as the heart of the place. As it serve its function to cater a large
number of people, Light and ventilation is one of the main priority of creating such structures. A
well-lit and ventilated to provide a healthy atmosphere in and out of the building. Other things to
be considered in making the building is the relationship of spaces in the commercial project, this
is to provide an easy identifications of zoning inside the and outside the structure. The ionic
columns being the barrier line that splits the inside and the outside plaza, it generates the sense
of order in the site, a historically looking building with a fitting style of today’s time inside it. In
accordance to the theme of the design which is the Agora and the Roman Forums, the middle
part of the complex serving as outside plaza, surrounded by ionic columns will serve as the main
entry point of all shoppers, making it the central area or the atrium of the structure will make the
feature of the building which is the colonnade of columns be more charismatic and can be more
appreciated from the center and also making an more engaging and healthy environment among
shoppers.

The contrasting styles will serve two purposes for this design, aiming to bring back what
is it to feel like shopping at early times, an historical view yet receiving an accommodation from
today’s era, as what this era promotes is comfortability in all its designs.

7|Page
V. DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS/INSPIRATIONS
The following illustrations are inspirations and adopted in the designing of the commercial
complex, from stores layouts and exterior inspirations.
i. TYPICAL STORE LAYOUTS

ii. SHOP DESIGN LAYOUT AND FLOW

8|Page
iii. DOORS LAYOUTS FOR STORES

iv. WOMEN’S WEAR

(DRESS, LINGERIE and HOSIERY)

9|Page
v. BARBER SHOP

10 | P a g e
vi. BEAUTY PARLOR

vii. SHOE STORE AND SHOE REPAIR SHOP

viii. DRUGSTORE WITH SANDWICH AND FOUNTAIN BAR

11 | P a g e
ix. LIQUOR STORE

12 | P a g e
x. RESTAURANTS

13 | P a g e
xi. BRANCH BANK

xii. EXTERIOR INSPIRATIONS

The Agora and Roman Forum is the main factors that will
affect the exterior design of the complex. The classical order seen
form the outside will also be shown in the project, serving
separation material from the building to the outside plaza. The
feature of the columns representing the order is the main feature
of the commercial complex.

14 | P a g e
 As for the stores inside, they were all built with
contemporary style, with the aim to give the maximum
shopping comfort as well as dine at restaurants and food
stalls inside the building.

VI. DESIGN GUIDELINES

PARKING REQUIREMENTS:
-Neighborhood Shopping Center/Supermarket
- 1 car slot for every 100.00 sq. m. Of shopping floor area

-Restaurants, fast-food centeres, bars and Beerhouses

- 1 car slot for every 30.00 sq. m. of costumer area

FOOT TRAFFIC
Traffic should be planned to serve the shopping center.
ACCESS
Access should be easy and convenient; should be possible to turn off the highway directly into
the site. A free-flowing traffic to reach the building/site.
SPACING
The length of the mall generally should not be more than 244.00m between department stores
and other major features.
BUILDING DEPTHS
For 1-storey shops building are usually 36.00m to 42.00m deep, sometimes more to
accommodate bigger stores.

15 | P a g e
CEILING HEIGHTS
These vary from 3m to 4.20, with 3.60m a good average. But considering the utilities in the ceiling,
the recommended height is 4.50 to 5.00 meters.
EXTERIOR WALLS
Show windows and public entrances are found inside rather than facing the parking lot since most
costumers enter the stores from shopping centers/malls.
SERVICE AREA
Usually placed underground if there is a basement or at the very back of the building where people
do not usually see.

VII. LAWS (Local)

GENERAL USE PRINCIPAL ZONING CLASSIFICATION
CHARACTER OF
OCCUPANCY OF
BUILDING/STRUCTURE
GROUP E – Business and C-1 (Commercial One or
Mercantile Light Commercial) a
(Commercial) neighbourhood community
Division E-3 (Business and 4. Department stores, level of commercial use or
Mercantile) Where no repair Shopping malls/ centers, occupancy characterized
work is done except exchange Commercial and Sports mainly as a low-rise
of parts and maintenance complexes/ Areas building/structure for low rise
intensity commercial/trade,
service and business
activities, e.g. one to three (1-
3) storey shopping centers,
small offices or mixed-
used/occupancy and the like
The designing of the project greatly conforms to the Batasang Pambansa bilang 344 as it
address the comfortability of its users and also for PWD’s and the Fire Code of the Philippines.

16 | P a g e
4. HANDRAILS
4.1 Handrails should be installed at both
sides of ramps and stairs and at the outer
edges of dropped curbs. Handrails at
dropped curbs should not be installed
beyond the width of any crossing so as not
to obstruct pedestrian flow.
4.2 Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m
and 0.70 m above steps or ramps.
Handrails for protection at great heights
may be installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.
5. OPEN SPACES
5.1 Where open spaces are provided, the
blind can become particularly disoriented.
Therefore, it is extremely helpful if any
walkway or paths can be given defined
edges either by the use of planters with
dwarf walls, or a grass verge, or similar,
which provides a texture different from the
path.
1. PARKING AREAS
1.1 Parking spaces for the disabled should
allow enough space for a person to transfer
to a wheelchair from a vehicle;
1.2 Accessible parking spaces should be
located as close as possible to building
entrances or to accessible entrances;
1.4 Accessible parking slots should have a
minimum width of 3.70 m.
1.5 A walkway from accessible spaces of
1.20 m. clear width shall be provided
between the front ends of parked cars;
1.6 Provide dropped curbs or curb cut-outs
to the parking level where access walkways
are raised;
1. ENTRANCES
1.1 Entrances should be accessible from
arrival and departure points to the interior
lobby;
1.2 One (1) entrance level should be
provided where elevators are accessible;
1.3 In case entrances are not on the same
level of the site arrival grade, ramps should
be provided as access to the entrance level;
2. RAMPS
2.2 Ramps shall have a minimum clear
width of 1.20 m;
2.3 The maximum gradient shall be 1:12;
2.4 The length of a ramp should not exceed
6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer ramps
whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided
with landings not less than 1.50 m.
2.5 A level area not less than 1.80 m.
should be provided at the top and bottom of
any ramp;
2.6 Handrails will be provided on both sides
of the ramp at 0.70 m. and 0.90 m
3. DOORS
3.1 All doors shall have a minimum clear
width of 0.80 m;
3.2 Clear openings shall be measured
between the surface of the fully open door
at the hinge and the door jamb at the stop;
3.3 Doors should be operable by a pressure
or force not more than 4.0 kg; the closing
device pressure an interior door shall not
exceed 1 kg.
3.8 Doorknobs and other hardware should
be located between 0.82 m. and 1.06 m.
above the floor; 0.90 is preferred.
7. CORRIDORS
7.1 Corridors shall have minimum clear
width of 1.20 m.; waiting areas and other
facilities or spaces shall not obstruct the
minimum clearance requirement;
7.2 Recesses or turnabout spaces should
be provided for wheelchairs to turn around
17 | P a g e
or to enable another wheelchair to pass;
these spaces shall have a minimum area of
1.50 m x 1.50 m. and shall be spaced at a
maximum of 12.00 m.
7.3 Turnabout spaces should also be
provided at or within 3.50 m. of every dead
end;
7.4 As in walkways, corridors should be
maintained level and provided with a slip
resistant surface;
8. WASHROOMS & TOILETS
8.1. Accessible public washrooms and
toilets shall permit easy passage of a
wheelchair and allow the occupant to enter
a stall, close the door and transfer to the
water closet from either a frontal or lateral
position;
8.2 Accessible water closet stalls shall have
a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80 mts. One
movable grab bar and one fixed to the
adjacent wall shall be installed at the
accessible water closet stall for lateral
mounting; fixed grab bars on both sides of
the wall shall be installed for stalls for frontal
mounting;
8.3 A turning space of 2.25 sq.m with a
minimum dimension of 1.50 m. for
wheelchair shall be provided for water
closet stalls for lateral mounting;
8.4 All accessible public toilets shall have
accessories such as mirrors, paper
dispensers, towel racks and fittings such as
faucets mounted at heights reachable by a
person in a wheelchair;
8.6 In order to aid visually impaired persons
to readily determine whether a washroom is
for men or for women, the signage for men's
washroom door shall be an equilateral
triangle with a vertex pointing upward, and
those for women shall be a circle; the edges
of the triangle should be 0.30 m long as
should be the diameter of the circle; these
signages should at least be 7.5 mm thick;
the color and gray value of the doors; the
words "men" and "women" or the
appropriate stick figures should still appear
on the washroom doors for the convenience
of the fully sighted; Note: the totally blind
could touch the edge of the signs and easily
determine whether it is straight or curved;
8.7 The maximum height of water closets
should be 0.45 m.; flush control should have
a maximum height of 1.20 mts.
8.8 Maximum height of lavatories should be
0.80 m. with a knee recess of 0.60 - 0.70 M.
vertical clearance and a 0.50 m. depth.
8.9 Urinals should have an elongated lip or
through type; the maximum height of the lip
should be 0.48 m.
9. STAIRS
9.1 Tread surfaces should be a slip-
resistant material; nosings may be provided
with slip-resistant strips to further minimize
slipping:
9.2 Slanted nosings are preferred to
projecting nosings so as not to pose
difficulty for people using crutches or braces
whose feet have a tendency to get caught in
the recessed space or projecting nosings.
For the same reason, open stringers should
be avoided.
9.3 The leading edge of each step on both
runner and riser should be marked with a
paint or non-skid material that has a color
and gray value which is in high contrast to
the gray value of the rest of the stairs;
markings of this sort would be helpful to the
visually impaired as well as to the fully
sighted person;
9.4 A tactile strip 0.30 m. wide shall be
installed before hazardous areas such as
sudden changes in floor levels and at the
top and bottom of stairs; special care must
be taken to ensure the proper mounting or
18 | P a g e
adhesion of tactile strips so as not to cause
accidents;
10. ELEVATORS
10.1 Accessible elevators should be located
not more than 30.00 m. from the entrance
and should be easy to locate with the aid of
signs;
10.2 Accessible elevators shall have a
minimum dimension of 1.10 m. x 1.40 m.
10.3 Control panels and emergency system
of accessible elevators shall be within reach
of a seated person; centreline heights for
the topmost buttons shall be between 0.90
m to 1.20 m from the floor;
10.4 Button controls shall be provided with
braille signs to indicate floor level; at each
floor, at the door frames of elevator doors,
braille-type signs shall be placed so that
blind persons can be able to discern what
floor the elevator car has stopped and from
what level they are embarking from; for
installation heights, see Section 6.6,
Signages;
10.4 Button sizes at elevator control panels
shall have a minimum diameter of 20 mm
and should have a maximum depression
depth of 1 mm;

VIII. LAWS (Foreign)

11-18-4: COMMERCIAL SITE DESIGN STANDARDS:
1. All buildings shall be located with the main facade facing the principal street to which it has
frontage.
2. Buildings located on corner lots shall orient main facades to each street and give equal
treatment to each.
3. Buildings located on corner lots should include a prominent architectural feature of greater
height or emphasis at the corner where the two (2) public streets meet.
4. Buildings should be located as close to the front property line considering site, use, and
other constraints or requirements.
5. Main entrances shall be oriented toward the street rather than parking in cases where
buildings can be located adjacent to the public right of way.
Open Spaces: The locations of all buildings and structures shall allow and provide an
interconnected system of open space allowing open space and landscaping areas to connect with
similar open spaces and landscaping areas existing, or planned to be located, on adjacent
properties.
Landscaping: Landscaping shall be used as a tool to enhance and beautify the site.
Context: All building designs shall consider surrounding or nearby buildings and developments
and implement design solutions which are sensitive to those nearby buildings and developments.
The review of this requirement shall be based on the following:
1. The buildings contribute positively to the overall character of the city and the neighborhood
in which it is located;

19 | P a g e
 2. The buildings reflect the character of surrounding development through the use of similar
positive and desirable features;
3. The buildings demonstrate imaginative design; and
4. Where proposed building designs closely copy or mirror surrounding development, the
buildings vary colors, materials, or architectural elements.

Entrance Design.
All sides of a commercial establishment that directly face an abutting public street shall feature
at least one (1) customer entrance.
Pedestrian Flows.
The project shall provide pedestrian accessibility, safety, and convenience to reduce traffic
impacts and enable the development to project a friendly, inviting image. Sidewalks shall be at
least five (5) feet wide and unobstructed and shall connect the public street sidewalks, the main
entrances to the stores, transit stops on or off-site, and other buildings on the site, in addition,
providing convenient access to adjacent residential neighborhoods.
Central Features and Community Spaces.
The project is to provide attractive and inviting pedestrian scale features, spaces, and amenities.
Entrances and parking lot locations shall be functional and inviting with walkways conveniently
tied to logical destinations. Walkways located within parking areas to provide safe pedestrian
access from parking lot to retail business.

IX. REFERENCES

National Building Code of the Philippines

BP 344
Commercial Establishment Design Standards – NCPZ
11-18-5: Commercial building design standards: American Legal Publishing Corporation.
Time Saver Standards 2nd Edition – Building Types (Commercial)
Metric Handbook Planning & Design data
Neufert Architect’s Data 4th edition

20 | P a g e