NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR : CHRISTIAN E.

RAQUI RAMIREZ
CENTER OF PERU 2022
 PRESENT PERFECT

We use the present Perfect Simple for actions which

happened in the past, but we do not have mention when
exactly. However, the results of these actions are obvious in
the present.
I have broken my arm and I can not play tennis.
I have lived in Tarma for 10 years.
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE

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I´ve spent all my money.
He´s slept all morning.
She´s lost her purse.
It´s fallen off the wall.
We´ve chosen you for the job.
They´ve drunk too much.
 Affirmative
Full forms Short forms
I have played I‘ve played
You have played You‘ve played
He has played He‘s played
She has played She‘s played Negative
It has played It‘s played
Full forms Short forms
We have played We‘ve played
I have not played I haven‘t played
You have played You‘ve played
You have not played You haven‘t played
They have played They‘ve played
He has not played He hasn‘t played
She has not played She hasn‘t played
It has not played It‘s hasn‘t played
We have not played We haven‘t played
You have not played You haven‘t played
They have not played They haven‘t played
Questions Short answers
Have I played? Yes, I have. No, I haven‘t.
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven‘t.
Has he played? Yes, he has. No, he hasn‘t.
Has she played? Yes, she has. No, she hasn‘t.
Has it played? Yes, it has. No, it hasn‘t.
Have we played? Yes, we have. No, we haven‘t.
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven‘t.
Have they played? Yes, they have. No, they haven‘t.
 BREAK (PRESENT) FORGET (PRESENT)

BROKE (PAST) FORGOT( PAST)

FORGOTTEN (PARTICIPLE)
BROKEN (PARTICIPLE)

LOSE (PRESENT) HURT (PRESENT)

LOST (PAST) HURT (PAST)

HURT (PARTICIPLE)
LOST (PARTICIPLE)

HAVE (PRESENT)
FALL (PRESENT)
HAD (PAST)
FELL (PAST)
HAD (PARTICIPLE)
FALLEN (PARTICIPLE)
Frequency expressions with Present Perfect

ALWAYS
ONCE

TWICE
BEFORE - NEVER
 HAVE YOU EVER …?

Have you ever gone to Machupicchu?

Have you ever been to

Mancora?
 PRESENT PERFECT
1. Actions that begins in the past and continues in the present.
I have lived here for 05 years. (and still live)
2. Action that happens in the same period of time in which we are.
I have made some friends today.
She has played tennis this week.
3. Action that has happened once or several times in our life.
I have been to Rome.
I have driven a truck.
STRUCTURE

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 NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

Haven’t you walked a lot?

Hasn’t she bought a new car?
Formal way:
Have you not w…
Has she not bought…
 EVER - NEVER
Have you ever seen a tiger?
I haven’t ever seen a tiger.
I have never seen a tiger.
 ADVERBS
Yet Ya (?) at the end.
Todavía - aún ( -) at the end.

Have you finished yet?

Have you seen the pictures yet?
I haven’t finished yet.
I haven’t received the results of my exam yet.
She hasn’t had lunch yet.
I don’t want children yet.

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 ALREADY
Already Ya (+) before past participle – at the end.
I have already finished my homework. – I have finished my homework already.
I’ve already seen that film.
I have already been in France two times.
She has already bought a new house.
I’m already married.

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 STILL
I still haven’t finished.
I still haven’t seen that film (I haven’t seen it yet)
She’s still waiting for her exam result.
Are you still angry with me?
She still doesn’t understand the rules.
I still live with my parents because I haven’t found a job yet.

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 FOR - SINCE
FOR = DURANTE - DESDE HACE
SINCE = DESDE
I have lived in Lima for 2 years. I live here for 2 years.
I have worked here since 2015.
I have lived here since 2013.
Know: Conozco a Pedro desde hace 2 años.
I have known Pedro for 2 years. (I know Pedro for 2 years)
Have: Yo tengo este carro desde 1999.
I have had this car since 2010. (I have this car since 2010)

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 RECENTLY - LATELY

Recently, I have felt sad.

I have felt sad recently.
Lately, she’s a eaten much.
She has eaten much lately.
 COMPLETE THE BLANKS

1. That boy _______________ (break) a window.

2. I ______________ (know) her. for a long time.
3. He _____________ (just/eat) a sandwich
4. She _____________ (never/be) to Tarma.
5. ___________ you _________ (ever/see) a lion?
 COMPLETE THE BLANKS

6. I _____________ (not/finish) my homework yet.

7. She ___________ (have) that laptop for 2 years.
8. He _____________ (live) in Trujillo since he was born.
9. ________ you ___________ (finish) test yet?
10. They ___________ (be) to Brazil once.