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Pressure Controls Low Pressure Control

• When pressure falls, the switch opens
• Stop and start electrical current flow
– Energize or de-energize refrigeration components
• Adjusting the control:
1. Set the cut-in pressure
• Switching arrangement of pressure controls:
2. Set the differential
– Opens on fall:
Cut-out = Cut-in minus Differential
• Low pressure control
• Low ambient fan control
• Oil safety switch
– Opens on rise:
• High pressure safety control

   

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Low Pressure Control Low Pressure Control

Cut-in
Differential adjuster
adjuster HIGH
DIFF EVENT
. 35 12”
0 Example: Set control for
25
10 30 psig cut-in and 10 psig cut-out
15 20 Set the cut-in for 30 psig
5 30 Set differential to 20 psig
PSI 40
Cut-out = Cut-in minus Differential
Switch 50
Contacts PSI
Manual lift to CLOSES ON PRESSURE RISE
close contacts SWITCH LOW EVENT
IS HIGH EVENT
MINUS DIFF

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Setting Low Pressure Controls Fixed Low Pressure Controls

• Follow manufacturer recommendations • No adjustment on the control

– Cut-out too low, – Manufacturer does not want it changed
• May overheat compressor
– Differential too close,
• Causes short-cycling

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Low Pressure Control as a Thermostat Low Pressure Control Used as a Thermostat

Example: R134a Reach-in
LP Control LP Control LP Control
• Used on some indoor reach-in refrigerators Cut-in Refrigeration Cycle Cut-out
Off-Cycle
Cut-in
33 psig 38°
• Check with manufacturer for settings Coil
33° defrosts
• “Rule of thumb” settings: 32° frost line

– Control Cut-in: Note: The compressor will not restart

• At a pressure equal to the desired box temperature until the coil is fully defrosted Coil
temperature
– Control Cut-out: rises

• At a pressure equal to 28⁰ below desired box temperature

12 psig 10°

Compressor Compressor
ON OFF
    8

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Benefits of Using LP Controls for Temperature SETTING UP Using LP Controls for

Temperature
• One control, three functions:
1. Maintains box temperature What is the pressure control adjustment for
2. Ensures coil defrosting 404A refrigerant cut in and cut out with a box
3. Low pressure safety
temperature of 38°F?
Low pressure controls are used as temperature controls 38°F changed to p/t chart = 82.12 psi
only on indoor units
with a 15°F T/D = is 23°F
changed to p/t chart = 59.35 psi
Cut in is 82 psi cut out is 59 psi

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SETTING UP Using LP Controls for SETTING UP Using LP Controls for

Temperature Temperature With a differential
What is the pressure control adjustment for What is the pressure control adjustment for
407C refrigerant cut in and cut out with a box 407C refrigerant cut in and cut out with a box
temperature of 40°F? temperature of 40°F and differential of 3°?
40°F changed to p/t chart = 63.27 psi 40°F changed to p/t chart = 63.27 psi
with a 15°F T/D = is 25°F with a 15°F T/D = is 25°F - 3°= 22°F
changed to p/t chart = 43.57 psi changed to p/t chart = 40.14 psi
Cut in is 64 psi cut out is 44 psi Cut in is 64 psi cut out is 40 psi

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High Pressure Control for out door High Pressure Control

condensing units Manual
• High pressure safety control reset

– Opens compressor circuit on pressure rise

• Setting control cut-out:
– Check with manufacturer, or Cut-out
– “Rule of thumb” is 155° condensing temperature:
• R134a = 283 psig cut-out
• R22 = 394.72 psig cut-out 1 Pressure has to drop at least 50
psig before control can be reset
• R404A = 474.20 psig cut-out Most HP Controls have auto reset
• R410A = 638.91 psig cut-out
• The cut-in is around 50 psig less

    14

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High Pressure Control Oil Pressure Safety Control

• Protects compressor from lack of lubrication
150
• Operates on a pressure differential between
Example: Manufacturer recommends – Oil pump pressure and suction pressure
250 400 psig maximum head pressure • Outlet pressure of the oil pump, and
• The suction pressure inside the crankcase
Set the cut-out for 400 psig
350 – Also called the “crankcase pressure”
The differential is fixed at 50 psig
Example:
Cut-out minus Differential = Cut-in*
450 50 psig Pump Pressure – 20 psig Suction = 30 psid Net Oil
PSI Net Oil Pressure must be above 10 psig
OPENS ON PRESSURE RISE
*Compressor will restart when
pressure drops to 350 psig

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Oil Safety Control

Oil Safety Control Standard Oil Pressure Control
Monitors difference between: Senses crankcase
pressure

Suction pressure
inside the
crankcase

Oil pump Senses oil pump Wiring Diagram

pressure pressure

  17   18

17 18

  19   20

19 20

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  21   22

21 22

  23   24

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Oil Pressure Control Sequence

• If Net Oil Pressure drops below 10 psid:

– Contacts close to start timer
• If low pressure continues for 90 seconds:
– Control circuit opens
– Compressor stops
– Alarm contacts close

  25  

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