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WHAT IS A DOSING PUMP AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

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A guide to learn what a dosing pump is and how it works. Burt Process offers reliable, heavy duty dosing
systems for industrial applications.

What is a Dosing Pump?

A dosing pump, which is a positive displacement pump, is designed to inject a chemical or another substance into a 몭ow of water, gas, or steam. Dosing pumps,
which are typically small, provide an extremely precise 몭ow rate for maximum control. They are the central part of an integrated dosing system designed for the
automatic dispersion of chemicals. This dosing de몭nition applies to a wide range of applications and industries, from wastewater treatment to food processing.

Examples of Dosing Pump Applications

In addition to water treatment and food industries, dosing pumps, also known as chemical metering
pumps, are used in industrial plants, agriculture, manufacturing facilities, medical laboratories, and
mining operations. A chemical feed pump might be used to add a caustic chemical or an acid to a
water storage tank to neutralize the pH. It can also be used as a chlorine pump to kill bacteria. A
chemical dosing pump is designed to operate in challenging situations, such as high temperature
and high-pressure environments.

How Does a Dosing Pump Work?

A dosing pump draws a measured amount of liquid into its chamber and injects the chemical into a
tank or pipe that contains the 몭uid that is being dosed. It’s powered by an electric motor or an air
actuator and has a controller that turns the pump on and off and manages the 몭ow rate. Some
models include more sophisticated control systems.

Parts of a Chemical Dosing System

The main components of a dosing pump include:

Chemical Container or Tank – holds the product to be

dosed.

Pump – varies in materials and size; includes an inlet,

suction line, and dosing line.

Injector – one-way valve where the chemical is injected

into product; overcomes pressure in the pipe and allows

chemical into liquid 몭ow.

Foot Valve – one-way valve attached to the suction line;

placed into product drum and keeps the pump primed.

Dosing Line – rigid tube or reinforced hose; can be PE,

PVC, or stainless steel for high-pressure use.

Control System – Ensures accuracy; turns on and off at

speci몭c times. Can be a simple 몭ow switch or timer, up

to a SCADA central control system for various sensors,

and the ability to integrate into a larger system.

Types of Dosing Pumps

These four dosing pump types are designed for different pressures, chemicals, and applications. They vary by pumping action and mechanism.

Diaphragm (constant injection) pumps use a diaphragm, piston, and valves on both the inlet and outlet to 몭ll and empty its chamber. Drawing in the piston 몭lls
the chamber, and a speci몭c amount of chemical is injected at a preset speed, usually a percentage of the maximum 몭ow rate. Certain pump models are capable of
variable dosing rates.

Diaphragm (pulse injection) pumps also use the diaphragm mechanism, but instead of a constant 몭ow rate, a solenoid coil takes in the chemical and injects it in
pulses. The 몭ow rate is the length of time between pulses. It is less accurate than the constant injection pump but is simple in design and inexpensive.

Lobe pumps let a certain volume of 몭uid through meshing gear impellors. It is not as accurate as a diaphragm pump and it is only suitable for high viscosity 몭uids
that will self-lubricate to minimize wear. They’re not made for low 몭ow rates, as it is dif몭cult to ensure accuracy.

Peristaltic pumps are highly accurate for dosing. A 몭exible bent tube lets the 몭uid pass, and the 몭ow is controlled by a roller that moves by way of a mechanical
arm on the outside. This pushes product in the tube into the dosing tube and main 몭uid stream.
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